Tematy i Konteksty 5(10) 2015

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/1349

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Strony tytułowe
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015)
Spis treści
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015)
Contents
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015)
Implozja (nowej) prozy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Pasterska, Jolanta
It is a fact that, since the turning point of 1989, there has been a discussion on the face of new prose. A specialist in literature, a critic and a reader face two main questions: what kind of prose it is and how to read it. In the long term, in turn, questions concerning the ‘trend’ and the quest for new prose arise. In order to attempt to answer these questions, one needs to pay attention to the causes and source/sources of the changes which can be found ‘outside’ the literature, and which are related to cultural, psychological, social and sociological transpositions. It is also important to determine the degree and direction of writing dependent on them. The authors of the papers gathered in this volume have portrayed a wide panorama of new prose and paid attention to both promising and less sparkling debuts. They have focused on the transformations of Polish prose, its aesthetic, ethical and cognitive values.
Post-fenomenologiczna narracja w powieści Bieguni Olgi Tokarczuk
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Trygar, Barbara
In the paper we make an attempt to read out the post-phenomenology of Henri Maldiney in the novel 'Bieguni'. Maldiney’s post-phenomenology is not treated as a doctrine, but an action and an activity made against the elements of psychoanalysis and postmodernism. The world depicted in 'Bieguni' is one in which we can observe continuous movement and compulsion. The border between the entity and the world they are living in has been erased. It is the world in which a man has to choose his identity. “Being on one’s way” opens a person to new experiences and inspires him/her to some creative actions. Neither the nomadic thinking nor the format of writing are growing; not in some determined theoretical place, and not either in some well-defined writing style. The identity of the individual seems to be set, and formed only by his self-understanding. Tokarczuk’s 'Bieguni' is becoming part of an important discourse on the literature of the 21st century. It is not necessary to consider narrations only in the aesthetic context, which is cleaning the world up, but as the act of mind turning life into art. Every man is a wanderer travelling not only in the physical but also cultural dimension, and such journeys have both literal and metaphorical meanings. A walk consisting of seeking oneself as an artist, spiritual and intellectual travel, and exploring the world of symbols, are the professional domain of authors, and at the same time an excerpt of their mythology.
Twórca wobec przestrzeni i czasu. Przyczynek do rozważań o filozofii mobilności Andrzeja Stasiuka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Setlak, Wiesław
For the last decade Andrzej Stasiuk’s prose has focused on description and interpretation of the author’s numerous journeys to central and Eastern European countries, the Balkans and Asia. He talks about them with his characteristic literary disposition, thus creating a specific genre which can be defined as ‘a wanderer’s diary’ or ‘travel story’. In such works as 'Going to Babadag' (2006), 'There are no expresses by the yellow roads' (2013) or 'The East' (2014), the relational layer maintained in the convention of literary reportage co-exists in an active way with the reflective layer, the artistic projection of which is the clearly marked cultural and spatial nature and the teleology of dynamic existence within its frame requires intellectual mobility in comparing distinguishing features of the Oriental and Occidental cultural systems. The author is clearly in favour of the former – it is the basic territory of his existence as a human being and an artist. Andrzej Stasiuk’s philosophy of mobility marked by nomadic thinking obviously clashes with the desire for balance in the world and his intellect rejects both the opportunity of ‘an escape to the utopia’ and acceptance of what is happening in his territory.
Patrząc na mapę, spoglądam w nicość… Wokół melancholii i nudy w wybranych tekstach prozatorskich Andrzeja Stasiuka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Lech, Jacek
The paper aims at showing the link between Andrzej Stasiuk’s selected prose texts and the beauty of melancholy. The way in which melancholy functions in literature in the period of postmodernity was the starting point for our considerations. We have focused on the way this notion has been radically changed by postmodernism and how it has been deprived of its spiritual importance. The beauty of melancholy is part of Stasiuk’s novel in two ways. First and foremost, this concerns the texts about travelling in which it seems to be a reflection on reality and is inextricably linked with the categories of memory and existence. As stressed by Stasiuk, melancholy has its root in suspicion concerning reality tactics. It may be regarded as ‘melancholy of the way’ and in this sense it is accompanied by a spiritual burden directed against postmodernism. In turn, in 'Opowieści galicyjskie' and 'Zima' it is equated with the boredom and humdrum nature of small-town life. Deprived of its spiritual being it manifests itself as an example of existential torpor and stagnation which are part and parcel of Stasiuk’s characters who – in turn – are painfully stricken by bad fate and function thoughtlessly in lives which they fail to run away from.
Oko Innego w powieści Niskie Łąki Piotra Siemiona
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Pasterski, Janusz
Piotr Siemion’s novel 'Niskie łąki' (2000) has been acknowledged by the critics as one of the most interesting texts depicting the experience of the generation of young Poles during the political breakthrough in the 1980s and 1990s. The author focuses on the Polish path to capitalism and deconstructs the key myths of that period, namely the experience of martial law, emigration for work and the birth of the free market. The paper discusses the multidimensional structure of the novel and stresses the role of the main character as the Other (the Other One). Employing this figure allows the author to maintain a distance from the described reality and to impartially look at it from the outside. The eye of the Other seems to function as a camera recording only facts and confronting them with the ‘norm’ that is in his consciousness. From this viewpoint, no character of the novel is an unblemished man, because the reality is changing all the time and old myths are being replaced by new ones. As a result, the novel seems to be an acute image of Poland in times of change.
Polska powieść polityczna u progu XXI wieku. O prozie Bronisława Wildsteina
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Kania, Kamila
The demand that the public sphere, including culture, should be depoliticized after the transformations which took place in 1989 has proved to be baseless. Polish writers were challenged with the task of describing the events from Polish history and the political, social, cultural and economic changes that were taking place. Literature made an attempt to review the previous system and this issue seemed to be interesting for writers with both conservative and leftist views. One of the authors who delve into this kind of political novel is Bronisław Wildstein, whose artistic work has been imbued with political disputes in which he speaks out forcefully. It is not a cliché to call the novels of this writer and columnist fictionalized political manifestos. Wildstein unwaveringly raises the issues of history and politics as the things which determine our lives. Simultaneously, he refers to the tradition of prose analyzing the responsibility for public events. The writer tries to critically review the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) and its myths (including the Solidarity myth). Moreover, among the subjects frequently discussed one may find media policy and the world of politics from the inside.
Za kulisami współczesnej Polski – transformacje projektu quasi-publicystycznego cyklu w najnowszych powieściach Bronisława Wildsteina
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Luboń, Arkadiusz
The paper deals with the most significant thematic and stylistic changes introduced by Bronisław Wildstein in three volumes published in the last decade: 'Dolina nicości' (2008), 'Czas niedokonany' (2011) and 'Ukryty' (2012). The analytical approach employed allows us to treat these three novels as a link of one unwaveringly developed literary cycle. Interpretation of this cycle in the context of Wildstein’s journalistic texts – which were published at the same time – allows us to read the series as a comprehensive description of contemporary Polish reality, changes taking place in politics and society, as well as a diagnosis and predictions towards post-modern cultural trends.
Z okruchów przeszłości. O opowiadaniu Mała Nusia z misiem Piotra Guzego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Janisz, Marcelina
The paper is an attempt to interpret Piotr Guzy’s short story 'Mała Nusia z misiem' by taking into account the autobiographical and psychological elements included in the text. Piotr Guzy belongs to the generation of Polish emigrants who experienced and survived the Second World War. The motif of war is frequently present in the short stories of the author of 'Krótki żywot bohatera pozytywnego', which is a contribution to reflection on the evil inscribed in human nature. The writer focuses on a fragmentary account of an episode from the characters’ lives, putting all emotions and various human emotional states into the plot. Thus, one may be dazzled with excellent and dramatic stories which seem to be very plausible. The work’s artistry is based on capturing the moment in which one may observe the expression of emotions. The human psyche frequently faces traumatic experiences and this is what fascinates the writer most – reactions to abnormal events protesting against widely-held behavioural patterns.
Stosunki polsko-żydowskie na przykładzie powieści Dybuk Marka Świerczka (perspektywa antropologiczna)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Dul-Kuźniar, Magdalena
The paper aims at discussing the novel 'Dybuk' and contrasting it – in the anthropological perspective – with both its historical and sociological contexts. Świerczek’s novel is set in Poland immediately after the Second World War and it focuses on the problems which afflicted both Poles and Jews. Furthermore, we focus the reader’s attention on the ambiguity with which history was judged after the war – according to Świerczek, it is impossible to judge the postwar reality and interpret the facts connected with this period as ‘the only right ones’. Świerczek creates characters and events on the basis of oppositions: good vs. evil, black vs. white, but he allows a number of characters and their fates to speak out. Nevertheless, the final judgment is left to the reader.
Homo holocaustus, czyli holocaustowe doświadczenia autobiograficzne kobiet
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Żórawska, Natalia
The aim of this paper is to depict the motif of Extermination in autobiographical women’s prose after 2000. The paper demonstrates that in recent years more and more authoresses of the second and third post-Holocaust generation have been writing down their traumatic experiences and the reason for this lies in the social stigmatization of Jewish people. It is stressed in the paper that the Holocaust issues are part and parcel of a cultural taboo and – similarly to women’s prose – they are frequently ignored or evaluated negatively. The Holocaust issues are tackled by contemporary young writers of Jewish descent who – contrary to the authors of the previous generation – did not experience the mass murder of Jews; however, they feel its effects today. The paper proves that in Poland we fail to carry out research on trauma studies, and devoting attention to the woman’s viewpoint is very rare. The quoted examples from the autobiographical novels written by Ewa Kuryluk, Agata Tuszyńska, Roma Ligocka and Magdalena Tulli show that this kind of writing is becoming more and more important within the literature focused on annihilation. In comparison with the autobiographical works of Marek Bieńczyk, Jan Tomasz Gross and Michał Głowiński, the women’s holocaust stories are distinguished by authenticity, emotionality, intimacy and honesty of narration. The stories are devoid of pathos and they highlight the figure of a mother. Moreover, the confessions are based on the physical feeling of a legacy which has remained in their hearts and minds after the trauma their loved ones had to experience. We attempt to describe post-Holocaust women’s prose in comparison with Jewish literature in Poland as well as draw the reader’s attention to the characteristic features of these issues in comparison with the autobiographical works by men.
Pamięć przeszłości versus Historia. O Lodzie Jacka Dukaja
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Gorliński-Kucik, Piotr
There are at least two equivalent interpretations of Jacek Dukaj’s 'Lód'. It may be interpreted as a novel about the continual progress of homo sapiens, and therefore – similarly to the majority of the writer’s works – from the viewpoint of transhumanism; as well as – and this is what the paper is dealing with – as ‘a treatise on the freedom from Idea’. Dukaj’s alternative story has been created on the basis of modification of the laws of our physics (an unknown element from outer space falls to the ground) and an intellectual play with the Lwów-Warsaw school findings. As a result, the literary world of 'Lód' has been divided into the spheres of the influence of Summer and Winter which are – according to this interpretation – the metaphor of relativism and essentialism. In turn, the analysis of the selected excerpts proves that the novel is also about the narrative character of history. The last part of the paper is – in the intention of the author – a tentative attempt to present certain possibilities for making use of this metaphor in the context of literary studies, in terms of writing the history of literature.
Fantastyka i parafrazy. O dyskursie pamięci w twórczości pisarzy młodego pokolenia – Łukasz Orbitowski Widma (2012) i Paweł Demirski Niech żyje wojna! (2011)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Rutka, Anna
The present article discusses works by Łukasz Orbitowski and Paweł Demirski, two authors representing the young generation of Polish writers whose texts stand in the opposition to a worn-out and highly ritualised trend of national-symbolic interpretations of memory. The debunking literary strategy of both authors relies heavily on the aesthetics of subversion. Choosing for 'Spectres' the genre of historical fantasy, Łukasz Orbitowski provides himself with a vast space of artistic freedom, using it for free reinterpretations and continuations of the existing narratives of memory. The theatre of Paweł Demirski and Monika Strzępka, in turn, is a theatre of linguistic performance which clashes sequences of language that transmit historical imagination and national self-awareness of Poles. In Demirski’s play theatre becomes a medium of protest against fossilised forms of memory, where graphically staged painful trauma is deprived of the aura of sacrum. Triviality and vulgarism of language demolish both the elevated phrases of the national culture of memory and the naïve pop-cultural representations of war and the Warsaw Uprising.
Reaktywacje dziewiętnastowieczności w najnowszej literaturze popularnej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Piechota, Dariusz
The paper characterizes recent works belonging to popular literature from the viewpoint of 20th century literature. It turns out that realism as the cultural paradigm is still present in postmodern prose. 19th century literature provides us with a number of narrative structures and motifs which are constantly altered by contemporary writers. In this paper we focus on texts which directly refer to 'Lalka' written by Bolesław Prus (such as 'Alkaloid' by A. Głowacki and 'Córka Wokulskiego' by R. Praszyński) as well as works which indirectly refer to the Victorian era. The dilemmas of burghers living in the second half of the 19th century are still present in the literature of the 21st century. Characters existing in a period of constant change search for their own identity and – frequently – misfits 'come out' and talk about their lives from the viewpoint of an excluded person. It is fitting to add that empathy with neighbors seems to be a very important feature of both 19th century and contemporary narrations.
Ścieżki dostępu. Popularna proza kobieca i krytyka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Nowacki, Dariusz
Referring to critical statements which have appeared during the last few years, the author discusses the ways of commenting on popular women’s prose. One may distinguish five types of comments, the first of which – 'Annexation' ('Aneksja') is employed when a popular novel is included in the socially important literature, which – by and large in the intervention mode – refers to pressing and alarming problems (e.g. domestic violence). In turn, from the formal and genre viewpoint, we may speak about a kind of transfer in which the women’s prose moves from its parent context to the so-called prose of the centre. The second type of context – 'Play with convention' ('Gra z konwencją') is based on tracking down both grotesque and ironic elements and – above all – metaliterary signals in popular novels. The findings allow us to accept the thesis on the double addressee of a book and they are the basis for the ‘advance’ of a trivial work. The third type – 'Following the tradition' ('Zgodnie z tradycją') is best represented in the literature on the subject. On the one hand, we are dealing here with a poethologic approach (structural analyses) which has been established in the research tradition, on the other – with approaches inspired by feminist criticism (exposing that popular narrations are in fact ideological statements). The fourth type – 'It is good to listen raptly' ('Dobrze się wsłuchać') focuses on the approaches suggested by other fields, e.g. how popular women’s prose is read by sociologists and culture experts. Finally, the fifth type – 'Emotions and excess' ('Emocje i zbytek') has been based on emotional-therapeutic research on the perception styles of popular prose. In this case, one focuses not on a popular love story, but on the way it influences a reader’s emotions.
Proza Katarzyny Tubylewicz
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Boczkowska, Magdalena
The paper entitled ‘The prose of Katarzyna Tubylewicz’ is dedicated to the co-authoress of the anthology of the short stories 'Jestem mamą – zbiór prawdziwych historii o macierzyństwie', and the authoress of two novels: 'Własne miejsca' (2005) and 'Rówieśniczki' (2014), who some critics would like to see as the reviver of the so-called 'prose of the centre'. The authoress of the article analyses the above-mentioned novels referring to – among other things – a discussion which took place in ‘Gazeta Wyborcza’, and which had been initiated by the famous manifesto entitled ‘Alice Munro would not stand a chance here’. Its authors demand that the literary critics should enter into a dialogue with popular literature and dispose of the misconception that literature written by women is worse. They are also for the revival of 'the prose of the centre', which – in their opinion – since Tokarczuk’s 'Prawiek i inne czasy' has been missing.
Bez znieczulenia. O trudnych relacjach rodzinnych. Kaja Malanowska Patrz na mnie, Klaro
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Maroszczuk, Grażyna
Contemporary prose frequently deals with ‘family martyrdom’. The heroines of Kaja Malanowska’s 'Patrz na mnie, Klaro' obsessively return to their difficult family past. Inherited strain turns into other idiosyncrasies. Grażyna Maroszczuk’s sketch entitled ‘Without anaesthesia. On difficult family relations. Kaja Malanowka Patrz na mnie Klaro’ focuses on the analysis of women’s entanglements that are still alive, though acquired in the past. Experiences from childhood become the matrix for reading the world in adulthood. On the other hand – according to Stephen M. Johnson’s 'Humanizing the Narcissistic Style' – one may say that we fail to dispose of the behaviours that are an integral part of our culture, which is contrary to life and which puts achievements above pleasure, status above love and appearances above reality. It puts the heroines of the above-mentioned novels in an oppressive situation in which a contemporary woman is forced to reconcile a career and intellectual ambitions with family life.
Współczesna manekinka. O bohaterce Zaplecza Marty Syrwid
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Fąfara, Bożena
Marta Syrwid’s writing enters into subjects which are perceived as taboo. Anorexia, namely striving for unattainable perfection of the body, is such a ‘forbidden’ motif of the novel entitled "Zaplecze". This problem is connected with a lack of acceptance from loved ones which results in both physical and mental emaciation of the novel’s narrator. Syrwid alludes to the motif of a mannequin, in particular a she-mannequin which has been present in literature for centuries. It is fitting to add that the subject of her writing is clearly associated with the model of female writing. Undoubtedly, the value of the interpreted novel arises out of its topicality and tackling of social problems which are usually marginalized.

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