Tematy i Konteksty 5(10) 2015

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/1349

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Za kulisami współczesnej Polski – transformacje projektu quasi-publicystycznego cyklu w najnowszych powieściach Bronisława Wildsteina
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Luboń, Arkadiusz
The paper deals with the most significant thematic and stylistic changes introduced by Bronisław Wildstein in three volumes published in the last decade: 'Dolina nicości' (2008), 'Czas niedokonany' (2011) and 'Ukryty' (2012). The analytical approach employed allows us to treat these three novels as a link of one unwaveringly developed literary cycle. Interpretation of this cycle in the context of Wildstein’s journalistic texts – which were published at the same time – allows us to read the series as a comprehensive description of contemporary Polish reality, changes taking place in politics and society, as well as a diagnosis and predictions towards post-modern cultural trends.
Impresje zaoceanicznego czytelnika
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Sabo, Roman
The paper attempts to form a subjective judgment of literary events taking place in Poland after 1990. The author shares his observations on the literary works of Polish prose writers (Pilch, Karpowicz, Kuczok) focusing the reader’s attention on Joanna Bator’s novel "Ciemno, prawie noc". The language of artistic expression becomes the main point of reference. On the basis of the analysis of these two prose works we put forward a thesis that post-Gombrowiczan language: the language of derision, grotesque, baroque elaborateness, has lost its popularity and now it is covering the reality rather than uncovering it. In turn, at the other extreme one may find Andrzej Stasiuk’s "Opowieści galicyjskie". These are texts, narrations and stories which are suitable for reading; they can either delight or outrage. They stand on their own merits, so they do not need excessive analyses which interfere with the pleasure of reading.
Z okruchów przeszłości. O opowiadaniu Mała Nusia z misiem Piotra Guzego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Janisz, Marcelina
The paper is an attempt to interpret Piotr Guzy’s short story 'Mała Nusia z misiem' by taking into account the autobiographical and psychological elements included in the text. Piotr Guzy belongs to the generation of Polish emigrants who experienced and survived the Second World War. The motif of war is frequently present in the short stories of the author of 'Krótki żywot bohatera pozytywnego', which is a contribution to reflection on the evil inscribed in human nature. The writer focuses on a fragmentary account of an episode from the characters’ lives, putting all emotions and various human emotional states into the plot. Thus, one may be dazzled with excellent and dramatic stories which seem to be very plausible. The work’s artistry is based on capturing the moment in which one may observe the expression of emotions. The human psyche frequently faces traumatic experiences and this is what fascinates the writer most – reactions to abnormal events protesting against widely-held behavioural patterns.
Problem „polskości” w londyńskich pismach studenckich („Życie Akademickie” – „Kontynenty”)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Moczkodan, Rafał
The first part of the text is an analysis of the category of ‘Polishness’ (its senses, understanding and functioning) with respect to emigrational youth gathered around magazines published in the United Kingdom by Polish students, and then by the literary group The Continents (Kontynenty). We show that among the basic problems connected with The Continents Group one may mention the search for the ways in which national identity could be preserved and then passed on to future generations. The definition of what refugees were supposed to do was different if we compare young emigrants and the older generation (which was shaped and gained maturity before the Second World War). The young generation was open to dialogue, but wanted to redefine the common ideas and search for new paths and means which would be useful in preserving cultural identity. Significantly, both generations were in favour of preserving Polish language and culture. As discussed in the second part of the sketch, this was related to the category of patriotism, as well as back-to-front ‘Polish national vices’. In these areas one may observe disparities between the generations; disparities which come down to the opposition: rational assessment vs. mythologization. The former allows young emigrants, who have no complexes or sense of guilt, to take advantage of the opportunities created by the countries in which they settle, and still not lose their bonds with the nation.
Praca ważna i doniosła
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Moczkodan, Rafał
‘To save the home country from migrational distance… Lithuanian art and Lithuanian artists on emigration (1940-1990)’ (Moscow 2012) focuses on stressing the importance of the work under discussion. First and foremost, it should be pointed out that it is the first synthesis encompassing such an extensive subject, which has not thus far been examined. It is also emphasized in the review that the composition of the work as well as its abundance in content are worth noting (230 profiles of Lithuanian painters and graphic artists are presented). Additionally, we should appreciate the methodological values and the diligence of the author in research. On the other hand, the lack of illustrative material seems to be a drawback of the work. All in all, the work is highly assessed.
Pamięć przeszłości versus Historia. O Lodzie Jacka Dukaja
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Gorliński-Kucik, Piotr
There are at least two equivalent interpretations of Jacek Dukaj’s 'Lód'. It may be interpreted as a novel about the continual progress of homo sapiens, and therefore – similarly to the majority of the writer’s works – from the viewpoint of transhumanism; as well as – and this is what the paper is dealing with – as ‘a treatise on the freedom from Idea’. Dukaj’s alternative story has been created on the basis of modification of the laws of our physics (an unknown element from outer space falls to the ground) and an intellectual play with the Lwów-Warsaw school findings. As a result, the literary world of 'Lód' has been divided into the spheres of the influence of Summer and Winter which are – according to this interpretation – the metaphor of relativism and essentialism. In turn, the analysis of the selected excerpts proves that the novel is also about the narrative character of history. The last part of the paper is – in the intention of the author – a tentative attempt to present certain possibilities for making use of this metaphor in the context of literary studies, in terms of writing the history of literature.
Reaktywacje dziewiętnastowieczności w najnowszej literaturze popularnej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Piechota, Dariusz
The paper characterizes recent works belonging to popular literature from the viewpoint of 20th century literature. It turns out that realism as the cultural paradigm is still present in postmodern prose. 19th century literature provides us with a number of narrative structures and motifs which are constantly altered by contemporary writers. In this paper we focus on texts which directly refer to 'Lalka' written by Bolesław Prus (such as 'Alkaloid' by A. Głowacki and 'Córka Wokulskiego' by R. Praszyński) as well as works which indirectly refer to the Victorian era. The dilemmas of burghers living in the second half of the 19th century are still present in the literature of the 21st century. Characters existing in a period of constant change search for their own identity and – frequently – misfits 'come out' and talk about their lives from the viewpoint of an excluded person. It is fitting to add that empathy with neighbors seems to be a very important feature of both 19th century and contemporary narrations.
Implozja (nowej) prozy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Pasterska, Jolanta
It is a fact that, since the turning point of 1989, there has been a discussion on the face of new prose. A specialist in literature, a critic and a reader face two main questions: what kind of prose it is and how to read it. In the long term, in turn, questions concerning the ‘trend’ and the quest for new prose arise. In order to attempt to answer these questions, one needs to pay attention to the causes and source/sources of the changes which can be found ‘outside’ the literature, and which are related to cultural, psychological, social and sociological transpositions. It is also important to determine the degree and direction of writing dependent on them. The authors of the papers gathered in this volume have portrayed a wide panorama of new prose and paid attention to both promising and less sparkling debuts. They have focused on the transformations of Polish prose, its aesthetic, ethical and cognitive values.
Fantastyka i parafrazy. O dyskursie pamięci w twórczości pisarzy młodego pokolenia – Łukasz Orbitowski Widma (2012) i Paweł Demirski Niech żyje wojna! (2011)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Rutka, Anna
The present article discusses works by Łukasz Orbitowski and Paweł Demirski, two authors representing the young generation of Polish writers whose texts stand in the opposition to a worn-out and highly ritualised trend of national-symbolic interpretations of memory. The debunking literary strategy of both authors relies heavily on the aesthetics of subversion. Choosing for 'Spectres' the genre of historical fantasy, Łukasz Orbitowski provides himself with a vast space of artistic freedom, using it for free reinterpretations and continuations of the existing narratives of memory. The theatre of Paweł Demirski and Monika Strzępka, in turn, is a theatre of linguistic performance which clashes sequences of language that transmit historical imagination and national self-awareness of Poles. In Demirski’s play theatre becomes a medium of protest against fossilised forms of memory, where graphically staged painful trauma is deprived of the aura of sacrum. Triviality and vulgarism of language demolish both the elevated phrases of the national culture of memory and the naïve pop-cultural representations of war and the Warsaw Uprising.
O wyglądzie stołów pańskich i chudopacholskich w powieściach saskich J. I. Kraszewskiego słów kilka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Modlińska, Aleksandra
Józef Ignacy Kraszewski is most notably known as a history enthusiast; however, he was also a knowledgeable observer of 18th century customs and the everyday life of certain social groups. One has grounds to say that the period in which he lived – namely the Saxons era, in which people led colorful social lives – was conducive to his interest. Also, the writer’s personal experiences are not without significance, especially his childhood and stay in Romanów, where Kraszewski familiarized himself with the rules of etiquette by which the gentry abode. Yet another interest that contributed to the accurate description of 18th century customs was the fact that the writer was a bibliophile. Looking through the Dresden archives, Kraszewski got a clear picture of the life of the society which allowed him to aptly depict the flavor of those times in his artistic work. Among a number of social niceties, Kraszewski paid special attention to the customs connected with the Old Polish dining table, namely its decorative qualities created by an abundance of crystal, trinkets, flowers, table linen, porcelain figurines and bright tablecloth. Finally, tableware seems to be part and parcel of such depictions.
Konferencja naukowa „I wojna światowa w literaturze i innych tekstach kultury. Reinterpretacje i dopełnienia”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Jamrozek-Sowa, Anna
The article includes conference report World War I in literature and other texts of culture. Reinterpretations and supplements, organized by the Institute of Polish Philology at the University of Rzeszów, which was held on 17-18 November 2014.
Oko Innego w powieści Niskie Łąki Piotra Siemiona
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Pasterski, Janusz
Piotr Siemion’s novel 'Niskie łąki' (2000) has been acknowledged by the critics as one of the most interesting texts depicting the experience of the generation of young Poles during the political breakthrough in the 1980s and 1990s. The author focuses on the Polish path to capitalism and deconstructs the key myths of that period, namely the experience of martial law, emigration for work and the birth of the free market. The paper discusses the multidimensional structure of the novel and stresses the role of the main character as the Other (the Other One). Employing this figure allows the author to maintain a distance from the described reality and to impartially look at it from the outside. The eye of the Other seems to function as a camera recording only facts and confronting them with the ‘norm’ that is in his consciousness. From this viewpoint, no character of the novel is an unblemished man, because the reality is changing all the time and old myths are being replaced by new ones. As a result, the novel seems to be an acute image of Poland in times of change.
„Posięście” wiedzy. Opętanie Antonii Susan Byatt jako filologiczna powieść uniwersytecka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Skubaczewska-Pniewska, Anna
'Opętanie' by Antonia Susan Byatt, awarded the Booker Prize in 1990, has been analysed in the context of romance, detective novel and campus novel genres and interpreted as an apology for philology, praise for literary art as well as a longing for the times when it was the foundation of cultural memory. The multidimensional character and multigenre structure of the novel as well as its ‘immense intertextuality’ have been treated as one of the manifestations of the title ‘possession’, which – in turn – has economical, scientific, social, religious and sexual connotations. We have emphasized the cognitive values of the novel, which are connected with the coexistence of two storylines developing in parallel, namely the contemporary and historical ones. The former focuses on two literary scholars who reveal an affair, clandestine in 19th century text, between a fictional writer-polymath and a feminizing poet. In turn, the latter draws the reader’s attention to the Victorian lovers, and thereby a portrait of this period.
Post-fenomenologiczna narracja w powieści Bieguni Olgi Tokarczuk
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Trygar, Barbara
In the paper we make an attempt to read out the post-phenomenology of Henri Maldiney in the novel 'Bieguni'. Maldiney’s post-phenomenology is not treated as a doctrine, but an action and an activity made against the elements of psychoanalysis and postmodernism. The world depicted in 'Bieguni' is one in which we can observe continuous movement and compulsion. The border between the entity and the world they are living in has been erased. It is the world in which a man has to choose his identity. “Being on one’s way” opens a person to new experiences and inspires him/her to some creative actions. Neither the nomadic thinking nor the format of writing are growing; not in some determined theoretical place, and not either in some well-defined writing style. The identity of the individual seems to be set, and formed only by his self-understanding. Tokarczuk’s 'Bieguni' is becoming part of an important discourse on the literature of the 21st century. It is not necessary to consider narrations only in the aesthetic context, which is cleaning the world up, but as the act of mind turning life into art. Every man is a wanderer travelling not only in the physical but also cultural dimension, and such journeys have both literal and metaphorical meanings. A walk consisting of seeking oneself as an artist, spiritual and intellectual travel, and exploring the world of symbols, are the professional domain of authors, and at the same time an excerpt of their mythology.
Strony tytułowe
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015)
Współczesna manekinka. O bohaterce Zaplecza Marty Syrwid
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Fąfara, Bożena
Marta Syrwid’s writing enters into subjects which are perceived as taboo. Anorexia, namely striving for unattainable perfection of the body, is such a ‘forbidden’ motif of the novel entitled "Zaplecze". This problem is connected with a lack of acceptance from loved ones which results in both physical and mental emaciation of the novel’s narrator. Syrwid alludes to the motif of a mannequin, in particular a she-mannequin which has been present in literature for centuries. It is fitting to add that the subject of her writing is clearly associated with the model of female writing. Undoubtedly, the value of the interpreted novel arises out of its topicality and tackling of social problems which are usually marginalized.
Polska powieść polityczna u progu XXI wieku. O prozie Bronisława Wildsteina
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Kania, Kamila
The demand that the public sphere, including culture, should be depoliticized after the transformations which took place in 1989 has proved to be baseless. Polish writers were challenged with the task of describing the events from Polish history and the political, social, cultural and economic changes that were taking place. Literature made an attempt to review the previous system and this issue seemed to be interesting for writers with both conservative and leftist views. One of the authors who delve into this kind of political novel is Bronisław Wildstein, whose artistic work has been imbued with political disputes in which he speaks out forcefully. It is not a cliché to call the novels of this writer and columnist fictionalized political manifestos. Wildstein unwaveringly raises the issues of history and politics as the things which determine our lives. Simultaneously, he refers to the tradition of prose analyzing the responsibility for public events. The writer tries to critically review the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) and its myths (including the Solidarity myth). Moreover, among the subjects frequently discussed one may find media policy and the world of politics from the inside.
Wiwisekcja duszy niemieckiej w powieści Trzecie królestwo Andrzeja Kuśniewicza
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Supady, Grzegorz
Andrzej Kuśniewicz (1904-1993) was an acknowledged writer whose works used to be popular and widely read, but after 1989 a number of them fell into oblivion. Both aesthetic and cognitive values have been retained – by and large – thanks to the novels which referred to the Habsburg myth in European literature, which was defined by the eminent Italian German specialist Claudio Magris. However, the Polish writer explored other ranges of his interests as well, for example the ones concerning his personal experience acquired after his stay in France ('Witraż' 1980). The writer dealt with subjects connected with events which took place in West Germany in the 1960s. They were reflected in his previous novel 'Trzecie królestwo', published in 1975. In spite of the writer’s complicated fate in the Polish People’s Republic, the work presents a huge breakthrough which happened a quarter of a century after the end of the Second World War in the politics of the FRG and in West German society in a very attractive literary form. At that time our western neighbors had to fundamentally redefine the conservative perception of their own history. In fact, to a large extent the situation had been initiated by the generation of people born in 1968 that took up the reins and started to rule the country. The author of the article attempts to present the struggle – embedded by Kuśniewicz – of the generation of perpetrators who faced difficult questions asked by their children and sometimes even grandchildren. To conclude, although the description provided by the Polish prose writer is not free from some simplifications characterized by extreme subjectivity, we must admit that the book is a valuable piece of evidence depicting a significant period in the history of Central Europe.
Twórca wobec przestrzeni i czasu. Przyczynek do rozważań o filozofii mobilności Andrzeja Stasiuka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Setlak, Wiesław
For the last decade Andrzej Stasiuk’s prose has focused on description and interpretation of the author’s numerous journeys to central and Eastern European countries, the Balkans and Asia. He talks about them with his characteristic literary disposition, thus creating a specific genre which can be defined as ‘a wanderer’s diary’ or ‘travel story’. In such works as 'Going to Babadag' (2006), 'There are no expresses by the yellow roads' (2013) or 'The East' (2014), the relational layer maintained in the convention of literary reportage co-exists in an active way with the reflective layer, the artistic projection of which is the clearly marked cultural and spatial nature and the teleology of dynamic existence within its frame requires intellectual mobility in comparing distinguishing features of the Oriental and Occidental cultural systems. The author is clearly in favour of the former – it is the basic territory of his existence as a human being and an artist. Andrzej Stasiuk’s philosophy of mobility marked by nomadic thinking obviously clashes with the desire for balance in the world and his intellect rejects both the opportunity of ‘an escape to the utopia’ and acceptance of what is happening in his territory.
Conrad’s Lord Jim and Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment: Contrastive Axiologies
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Busza, Andrzej
Kiedy pół wieku temu autor tego artykułu rozpoczynał studia nad twórczością Josepha Conrada, w literaturoznawstwie wciąż dominowały tezy Nowej Krytyki, która twierdziła, że właściwe badanie odnosi się tylko do samego tekstu, pomijając w zasadzie kontekst historyczny, osobę pisarza, a także horyzont oczekiwań czytelników. Autor jednak opowiadał się za mniej „czystym”, a bardziej kontekstualnym podejściem, szczególnie w przypadku pisarzy tak związanych z rzeczywistością historyczną, jak Conrad i – może nawet bardziej – Dostojewski. Znajdując uzasadnienie dla swojego podejścia w „logice pytań i odpowiedzi” angielskiego filozofa R. G. Collingwooda, autor twierdzi, że "Zbrodnia i kara" Dostojewskiego i "Lord Jim" Conrada przedstawiają różne odpowiedzi na dziewiętnastowieczny kryzys wartości, szczególnie w sferze etyki. Conradowskie postrzeganie ludzkiej natury jest zasadniczo ironiczne, a jego wizja potrzeb człowieka jest hierarchiczna. Ludzką powinnością moralną i miarą naszego człowieczeństwa jest dyscyplinowanie i sublimacja niższych instynktów i namiętności. Dostojewski natomiast podkreśla niebezpieczeństwa spaczonego racjonalizmu i umiejscawia dobroć w naturze i ludzkim sercu. Jest to jednak wizja paradoksalna, ponieważ znajduje on tam również okrucieństwo, chciwość, egoizm i ślepe namiętności. Człowiek Dostojewskiego jest więc – jak jego świat – rozdarty przez sprzeczności nie do pogodzenia, które mogą być tylko transcendowane.

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