European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

URI dla tego Zbioruhttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/2798

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (poprzednio: Przegląd Medyczny Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego i Narodowego Instytutu Leków w Warszawie; Medical Review) to recenzowane czasopismo (kwartalnik), wydawane przez Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Do trzeciego kwartału 2015 roku wersję pierwotną czasopisma stanowiło wydanie papierowe. Od czwartego kwartału 2015 roku wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wydanie elektroniczne. European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine jest wydawane w wersji angielskiej. Tematyka prac publikowanych w czasopiśmie obejmuje zagadnienia związane z szeroko pojętą medycyną, medycyną kliniczną, doświadczalną, rehabilitacją, fizjoterapią, farmakoterapią, a także tematy dotyczące oceny jakości leków i bezpieczeństwa ich stosowania. Redakcja publikuje również przedruki (standardy, zalecenia, czy opinie Konsultantów Krajowych różnych dziedzin medycyny) po uprzednim uzyskaniu zgody wydawcy.

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Naturally occurring photosensitizers and photodynamic therapy: laser or sun?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Dynarowicz, Klaudia
Introduction. Our understanding of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is crucial for the applications of this treatment. In this physical phenomenon occurs light absorption by the applied photosensitizer, which results in its excitation to higher electron levels. After activation, a series of complex physicochemical processes take place in the tissues, Aim. The aim of this study was to describe the basic naturally occurring photosensitizers used in PDT techniques. This study clarified applications of photosensitizers. Material and methods. This study was used basic information about PDT reaction and the selective destruction of the tumor by photooxidation: a photosensitizer, a light source and oxygen. The papers reviewed here are based on Medline/Pub. Analysis of the literature. Photodynamic therapy is an innovative form of treatment. This method is not a commonly used therapeutic and therapeutic tool, but a supplement to many already tested and analyzed techniques. Thanks to continuous research, this method has a wider and wider range of applications in medicine. Conclusion. The data indicates increased number of papers regarding applications of PDT in medicine.
A prospective, interventional clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Liv.52 DS in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Siregar, Gontar; Paramesh, Rangesh; Kumawat, Rajesh; Palaniyamma, D; Srikrishna, HA
Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is excessive fat build-up in the liver due to causes other than alcohol use. Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Liv.52 DS tablets in the management of NAFLD. Material and methods. Prospective, interventional clinical study conducted on 60 patients of both sex, aged between 18-65 years, confirmed with NAFLD from clinical examination, laboratory test, ultrasound findings and those willing to give informed consent. All patients received Liv.52 DS at a dose of 2 tablets twice daily for 2 months. All patients were evaluated at baseline, end of 1st month, and end of 2nd month for liver function tests, hepatomegaly by ultrasound, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, lipid profile, hematology and biochemical investigations. Results. Study data was analyzed with GraphPad Prism Software Version 6.07. Data of those patients who completed the study was considered for analysis. Significant improvement in hepatomegaly, liver enzymes was observed. NAFLD fibrosis score revealed no progression of liver fibrosis due to NAFLD during the study period. No abnormal lab values were recorded and there were no adverse events reported during the study. Conclusion. Study concludes that Liv.52 DS is safe and beneficial in individuals suffering from NAFLD.
Surgical voice rehabilitation performed by means of voice prosthesis post laryngectomy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Kamiński, Bartłomiej
Introduction. In 1972, in Poland, Professor Erwin Mozolewski presented a pioneering thesis concerning the creation of intubated voice fistula in a group of 24 patients. It was undoubtedly the prototype of today’s voice prosthesis. Materials and method. The study involved 33 men after total laryngectomy due to advanced squamous cell carcinoma, treated in the Otolaryngology Ward of the District Hospital in Skarżysko-Kamienna between the years 2012–2017, who were implanted with a voice prosthesis Provox II and Provox Vega. Results. During the analyzed period, 127 voice prosthesis were replaced in 33 patients. This paper focuses on complications connected with the implantation of voice prosthesis. The most common reason for replacement of a voice prosthesis was fluid leakage through the voice prosthesis channel – 95 cases. Spontaneous prolapse of the voice prosthesis occurred in 11 patients, and after re-insertion of the prosthesis, the correct fistula voice was obtained. The voice prosthesis was replaced due to difficulty in creating the prosthetic speech in 8 patients. A much more serious complication is the occurrence of leakage around the voice prosthesis. In the examined group, leakage around the prosthesis occurred in 5 patients. An inflammatory plaque was formed around the prosthesis, which was removed in case of significant prosthetic cover or at the request of an alarmed patient – in 4 patients. The prosthesis protruded and rotated in the trachea and hung on a fragment of mucous membrane of the trachea in 1 patient.
Morbidity trend of lip cancer in Podkarpacie and in Poland in the years 1963–2013
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Gawełko, Jan; Cierpiał-Wolan, Marek; Podgórska-Bednarz, Justyna; Kawecki, Andrzej
Introduction. The dramatic decline in the incidence of lip cancer, which until the 80s of the twentieth century was the cause of significant morbidity, is an example of changes in the structure and trends of cancer incidence both in Poland and in the regions. Aim. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the changes in the morbidity trend of the lip cancer during the last 50 years, both in Poland and in Podkarpacie. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the lip cancer morbidity in the Podkarpackie region and in Poland in the years 1963–2013 was carried out based on data from the literature and our own research. Results and conclusion. A steady decline in the incidence of lip cancer in Podkarpacie has been observed since 1982 for men and 1983 for women. In Poland these trends have been observed since 1972 for men and 1993 for women. In the analysed period significant changes in the incidence structure in terms of sex are observed – from approximately 1:10 (women / men) in 1963 similarly in Podkarpackie and Poland – to 1:4.6 in Podkarpacie and 1: 2.6 in Poland in 2013.
Clinical application of advanced neuroimaging techniques – Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Guz, Wiesław; Bober, Zuzanna; Ożóg, Łukasz; Truszkiewicz, Adrian; Przypek, Aneta; Aebisher, David; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota; Urbanik, Andrzej
Continuous scientific research and the increasing saturation of the medical market in Poland implements the possibilities of using advanced MR techniques including MRS in everyday practice. This method, which has so far been used primarily for research purposes, can bring measurable benefits to patients not only in terms of clarifying diagnosis and narrowing differential diagnosis, but also monitoring the course of various diseases and their treatment. Here we present the basic principles of performing and interpreting spectroscopic spectra and possible clinical applications and development prospects of MRS. The literature reviewed both Polish and foreign articles both historically and in the past 10 years. The paper presents methodological issues related to the proper performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectral composition and the role of major metabolites, as well as current clinical applications and directions of MRS development.
Effects of an abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre on stabilometric and gait parameters in adults: a pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Linek, Paweł; Nowakowska, Katarzyna; Michnik, Robert; Myśliwiec, Andrzej; Mikołajowski, Grzegorz; Gzik, Marek
Introduction. To our knowledge, no studies have checked the effect of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on gait and stabilometric parameters in lower back pain (LBP) and pain-free subjects Aim. To assess the effect of sustained ADIM on a) gait pattern and b) stabilometric parameters with opened eyes and closed eyes in an adult population. Material and Methods. A group of 20 adults were invited to participate in the study. The Oswestry Disability Index was used for assessing LBP. Gait analysis was performed on a treadmill ZEBRIS FDM-T. The static balance assessment was performed on a stabilometric platform ZEBRIS FDM-S. Results. There were no significant differences in all tests conducted on the stabilometric platform. Results of gait analysis showed between-group differences in the main effect of group (Non-LBP vs. LBP) for the difference in maximal vertical ground reaction force during the terminal stance (GRFts). The mean GRFts value in the Non-LBP group was greater by 14.8 N (95% CI 9.55–20.1) compared with the LBP group (Table 3). Conclusions. ADIM has no immediate effects on selected stabilometric and gait parameters in the study group. No effect was seen in subjects with and without pain during the examination.
Could changes in the ultrasound image of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall be seen as a sign of muscle activity? A narrative review
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Linek, Paweł
Aim. Currently, ultrasonography (USG) is used to study changes occurring in the lateral abdominal wall muscles (LAM). Here, the question that naturally arises is whether a change in the thickness of the ultrasound image can be identified with a change in muscle activity. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to: 1) undertake an analysis of available publications exploring the relationship between electromyography (EMG) and USG; 2) define the USG measurement of each LAM; 3) identify gaps in the literature. Material and methods. The databases MEDLINE, POL-index and Google Scholar were used to search the literature. We used a combination of terms (in Polish and English) containing the abbreviated and full names of the following expressions: ultrasound, electromyography and external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, or transverse abdominal muscle. Results. Nine publications fulfilled the conditions for inclusion in the analysis. These used different methodologies and test conditions, making it difficult to interpret the results of individual works. The majority demonstrated poor or no correlation between EMG and USG measurements. Conclusion. Changes in the thickness of the LAM using USG should not be equated with a change in muscle activity. To avoid misinterpretation, one should avoid the term “muscle activity” in evaluating changes in the thickness of the LAM. It is recommended that the terms “thickness change” or “morphological change” be used in the assessment of this phenomenon, which is closely related to real changes in USG imaging, expressing a more complex phenomenon than a mere change in bioelectrical potential.
Combined effect of flavonoid compounds and cytostatics in cancer treatment
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Stompor, Monika; Podgórski, Rafał; Kubrak, Tomasz
Aim. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the combination of cytostatics with flavonoids as a promising way to improve the cancer therapy. Material and methods. A review of Polish and foreign literature was performed. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Polish Medical Bibliography. Literature analysis. Effective strategies to inhibit the progression of cancer are needed. Compounds of natural origin, including plant polyphenols, are a part of our diet. Due to their availability, and antioxidant properties, they may serve as efficacious adjuvants in cancer therapy, enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and supplements, and the risk of all causes of death from cancer. Based on their diverse biological activity, flavonoids may be potential adjuvant therapeutic agents that act synergistically with cytostatics for treatment of many types of cancer. This review of the results is a summary the research on anticancer activity of flavonoids and may also raise consciousness of consumers, who will be able to compose their diet armed with the knowledge of preventive and therapeutic anticancer properties of food ingredients. There is need for further research on polyphenols of plant origin, including interactions among food components that coexist. Another important aspect is to understand how the activity of phytocompounds depends on concentration and the presence of additional factors (e.g. microflore, metal ions), which could possibly make a compound harmful, instead of having positive theraputics effect. Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in biological activity of the described phytocompounds is essential for a better understanding of their influence on an organism.
Nutritional behavior of pregnant women from the Podkarpacie province
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Dereń, Katarzyna; Gaweł, Magdalena; Łuszczki, Edyta; Jarmakiewicz, Sara; Sokal, Aneta; Polak, Ewelina; Wyszyńska, Justyna
Introduction. Healthy nutrition is very important during pregnancy for both a baby and a mother. Modification of metabolic and hormonal processes i.e. metabolic programming occurs already at the prenatal stage. This process significantly affects the baby’s health and eating habits at a later age. The diet of a pregnant woman should supplement the demand for energy, nutrients, vitamins and minerals. An expecting woman needs to also avoid products that are contraindicated during this period, such as raw milk, eggs or meat. Aim. Assessment of nutritional behavior of pregnant women from the Podkarpacie province. Materials and method. 228 women living in the Podkarpackie province were enrolled in the study. Surveys were collected via the Internet. An anonymous questionnaire developed by the authors was used. Results. Women’s eating habits are primarily influenced by education. Most women had knowledge about proper nutrition and awareness of its impact on the health of the baby. A worrying fact was a very low intake of dairy products. 44% of women consumed dairy products only once a day. Fruit and vegetables consumption was also low (40% of the respondents ate only from 100 to 200 g during the day). Conclusions. Although part of the eating habits of pregnant women is correct, nutritional education should be introduced in this group, especially related to the adequate supply of dairy products, fruit and vegetables to supplement the necessary vitamins, minerals and protein.
Bioactive food components in the diet of patients diagnosed with cancer
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Klekot, Konrad; Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska, Barbara
Introduction. Cancer, after cardiovascular disease, is the second most common cause of death both in Poland and Europe, so it is important to investigate and search for dietary components with anti-cancer properties. Components which can modulate different stages of carcinogenesis through epigenetic process are called bioactive food components. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional habits of patients diagnosed with cancer in terms of level of bioactive food components consumption. Material and methods. A group of 123 patients diagnosed with cancer were enrolled the study. The study was conducted by means of an anonymous questionnaire on diet history prepared by the authors. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software, statistical significance was adopted at the level of p < 0.05. Results. Based on the results of the questionnaires, major risk factors that increase the prevalence of cancer disease were age (above 55 years) and increased BMI (the score indicated overweight or obesity). Additionally, it was observed that cancer diagnosis resulted in change of eating habits in approx. 61.8% of the participants. Enrolled patients mostly consumed inadequate amounts of green vegetables, legumes, green tea and whole grains before the diagnosis. Moreover, patients with breast and colorectal cancer were found to be more likely to consume more red meat in comparison to others. – Both non-modifiable factors: age and modifiable ones: body weight and lifestyle influence morbidity. – Most participants ate incorrectly before cancer diagnosis; diagnosis of the disease changed their eating habits.
An overview of the preclinical and clinical studies of the effects of tumor treating fields on malignant glioma cells
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Bądziul, Dorota; Banaś-Ząbczyk, Agnieszka; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek
Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, WHO grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV) are malignant tumors of the brain. The average survival time of patients with GMB is approximately one year and two years in the case of anaplastic astrocytoma with standard therapy based on surgical tumor resection followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. High invasiveness of gliomas, the ability of rapid division and so-called diffusive infiltration of tumor cells into normal brain tissue, which prevents complete surgical removal, are hallmarks of theses tumors. Therefore, new specific therapies for eliminating cancer cells are needed to treat this tumors. Recently, it has been demonstrated that alternating electric field, also known as tumor treating fields (TTFields) has a unique mechanism of destroying glioma cells. TTFields applies electromagnetic energy frequency-dependent and intensitydependent and disrupts cancer cell replication as they undergo mitosis. Futhermore, TTFields turn out to act comparably to conventional chemotherapeutics, lacking numerous side adverse associated with chemotherapy. The authors provide an up-todate review of the mechanism of action as well as preclinical and clinical data on TTFields.
19F MRI As a tool for imaging drug delivery to tissue and individual cells
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Bober, Zuzanna; Aebisher, David; Ożóg, Łukasz; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek; Tutka, Piotr; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
Over the past few decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be extremely successful in medical applications. More recently, the biomedical applications of MRI have been gaining more use in the field of clinical pharmacy. In 1977, perfluorocarbon compounds (PFC), which form emulsions that can carry drugs, were analyzed by 19F MRI and emulsified PFC compounds have been investigated as potential blood substitutes since the early 1960s and now a wide variety of PFC compounds are currently available as 19F MRI biomarkers. Molecules with 19F substituents are particularly attractive for use in drug tracking by 19F MRI due to 100% 19F abundance, high 19F MRI sensitivity (0.83 relative to 1H MRI) and an impressively large chemical shift range (400 ppm). Another benefit in the use of 19F MRI is a zero background signal in biological samples due to lack of endogenous fluorine. Therefore, drugs containing fluorine atom have potential for 19F MRI imaging drug delivery to tissue. This article will review recent developments in the use of 19F MRI in imaging drug delivery to tissue and individual cells.
The assessment of the impact of myofascial training on postural control – a case study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Guzik, Agnieszka; Chwaszcz, Bartłomiej; Drużbicki, Mariusz; Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Wyszyńska, Justyna
Introduction. A sedentary lifestyle with lack of physical activity contributes to deteriorated balance among healthy young people. Physical activity is import_ant since it stimulates neuromuscular junctions that control body posture, especially at younger age, when greater postural sway may be observed in stabilography compared to adults. Proper work of individual muscle groups is import_ant to maintain proper balance. Abnormal muscle tone can lead to dysbalances that make it difficult o maintain a stable posture in a variety of conditions. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a training cycle consisting of stretching of the ilopsoas, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, hamstring and rectus abdominis, and eccentric training of the above mentioned muscles to improve static and dynamic balance. Methods. Oobjective and qualitative-subjective were used to assess the results in a man aged 22 yrs. Postural control was tested twice in the patient with the Neurocom International Inc. SMART EquiTest device under static conditions without visual control and with dynamic visual surrounding and unstable support surface. Automatic postural reflexes were also evaluated. In addition, clinical tests were performed. Results. Myo-fascial training, which included eccentric training combined with lower limb and trunk stretching improved the postural control in the subject.
Most frequent injuries and their causes in Ultimate Frisbee players
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Kołodziej, Gabriela; Jandziś, Sławomir; Kołodziej, Krzysztof; Skubal, Anna; Cyran-Grzebyk, Barbara
Introduction. Media publicity of sports and increased training have pushed the limits of the human body and have correspondingly led to an increase in the number of sports injuries. Incorrect play techniques, inadequate warm-up and other factors often lead to an increase in the number of injuries in Ultimate Frisbee. Aim. Assessment of the impact of gender, age and training experience on the incidence of injuries in Ultimate Frisbee. Material and methods. 110 people aged 16 to 35, regularly practising Ultimate Frisbee were included in the study. Of the 110 participants, 36 were women and 74 were men. The results were obtained by means of a questionnaire prepared by the authors which concerned sociodemographic data and questions about sports injuries. The incidence of injuries was analyzed in terms of the training experience, gender and age of the respondents. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 13.1. Results. Our research showed a relationship between sex and the site and type of injury. Age affects the main cause of the injury, and training experience influences the site and type of injury (p <0.05). The largest group of respondents were people training Ultimate Frisbee at least 3-4 times a week (62.73%). Conclusion. Sex and the training experience have a significant impact on the site and type of injury. The main cause of the injury depends on age; in the study group the most common cause of injury occurred when respondents were not complying with the rules and technique of the game.
Clinical aspects of protein glycation
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Galiniak, Sabina; Krawczyk-Marć, Izabela; Sęk-Mastej, Anna; Leksa, Natalia; Biesiadecki, Marek; Orkisz, Stanisław
Introduction. Glycation is a post-translational modification of proteins that depends on the non-enzymatic linkage of a ketone or aldehyde group of sugar with a free amino group of protein. Pathological effects of this process are observed in many disease states under conditions of hyperglycemia, in diabetic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Aim. In this paper we present the characteristics of the glycation process, its consequences, as well as a review of current knowledge about the role of glycation in multiple sclerosis. Material and methods. The databases EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink were used to search the literature. Analysis of the literature. Intermediate glycation products form a number of derivatives that contribute to oxidative stress and structural changes in the proteins, including induction of aggregation or reduction of affinity for drug proteins. Glucose products may contribute to neurodegenerative changes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Determination of protein glycation products can be successfully used to evaluate the course of multiple sclerosis as a diagnostic marker.
Investigation of pharmaceuticals by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Bober, Zuzanna; Aebisher, David; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek; Guz, Wiesław; Tutka, Piotr; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
Currently, new and easier ways of analyzing pharmaceutical drug forms and drug delivery mechanisms are being sought. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that images drug forms such as tablets, liquids and topicals and drug form behavior in living organisms on both the tissue and cellular scale. The advantages of MRI include noninvasiveness, variable sample capacity and ease of transfer of phantom results to in vitro and in vivo studies. This review concerns the usefulness of clinical MRI that cannot be understated as this technique provides non-invasive and non-destructive insight into the properties of drug delivery systems. The research discussed here concerns the use of magnetic resonance, spectroscopy and chromatography to investigate selected pharmaceuticals and covers work of selecting drugs and antibodies for modification by synthesis for evaluation by MRI. Modifications have been aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy, delivery, and MRI. Modification conditions such as (pH, concentration, temperature, and the influence of other components present in the solutions) will be discussed to understand drug delivery system improvements and the reliability and repeatability of the results obtained. We hope to explore and expand the scope of pharmaceutical imaging with MRI for application in clinical medicine.
Complex relationships between endocrinopathies and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Szymańska, Monika; Mizerski, Grzegorz; Kiciński, Paweł
Sleep-related disordered breathing (SRDB) is a term covering a heterogeneous group of conditions with a similar clinical picture yet different pathogenesis. Nocturnal episodes of obstructive apnoea, leading to repeated periods of desaturation and re-oxygenation, activate chemoreceptors and increase the activity of the sympathetic as well as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Moreover, the generation of free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines increases. All the above mentioned disturbances interfere with the function of endocrine glands. On the other hand, many endocrine disorders are associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In this paper, we discuss relationships between selected endocrinopathies and OSAS.
Drug–induced gingival overgrowth after cyclosporin A therapy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ambicki, Miłosz; Brodowski, Robert; Mucha, Marta; Migut, Małgorzata; Malawski-Róg, Adam; Stopyra, Wojciech; Lewandowski, Bogumił
Introduction. Drug–induced gingival overgrowth is a condition caused by side effects of treatment with one of three types of drugs: phenytoin (used in epilepsy treatment), cyclosporin A (used in transplantology after allogeneic organ transplants) and calcium channel blockers (in the treatment of hypertension). Gingival overgrowth leads to the development of inflammation within the gums and periodontium, reduced comfort in a patient’s life, and consequently even loss of teeth. Aim. The aim of this study was to present the issue of drug–induced gingival overgrowth based on a review of the literature and observations of patients treated in the Clinical Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Frederic Chopin Provincial Specialist Hospital in Rzeszów. Case description. Massive gingival overgrowth requires surgical management. Attention should be paid to multidisciplinary cooperation in case of patients qualified for a transplant. It is also import_ant to qualify and evaluate the state of the oral cavity prior to the implementation of immunosuppressive medication, instruction of patients on oral hygiene and removal of the outbreaks of infection.
Non-specific low back pain – what does it exactly mean? A proposed redefinition and classification of the problem
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Małecki, Jacek
Introduction. Analysis of the medical literature shows that non-specific low back pain is a multifaceted affliction. Determining the unequivocal definition and classification of the ailment could be somewhat difficult. The following review presents a multiplicity of common low back pain nuances. The paper also shows necessity of unification of the definition and clarification, for placing non-specific low back pain among other musculoskeletal disorders. Aim. The author will attempt to provide the answers to basic questions about non-specific low back pain. In its form, the paper will have similarities to the prospect study with narrative review features. Although the reader should remember that the article is neither a result of expert team efforts nor non-specific low back pain leading authority opinion. Therefore the suggestions should be interpreted with necessary distance and scientific scepticism. Material and methods. Proper publications were searched in PubMed and EBSCO scientific articles databases, using terms: ‘nonspecific low back pain’ or ‘non-specific low back pain’, ‘definition’, ‘diagnostic triage’, and ‘classification’ in different combinations. Results. As a result of the review, subtle correction of the current non-specific low back pain definition has been proposed. Acknowledgments. The author of this review wishes to show his appreciation to Prof. Edward Saulicz, the promotor and mentor for didactic support, methodologic and merythoric advice, and for manuscript correction. Thanks also extended to colleague Łukasz Sejboth, master of physiotherapy, for help with appropriate references and motivation to scientific exploration with his unassailable attitude and professionalism. Furthermore, author would like to acknowledge Keith Littlewood for his kind and valid amendments in the English version of the manuscript.
Adaptation of a Polish version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire. A pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Lintowska, Agnieszka; Mazur, Artur
Introduction. In today’s world, tobacco is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with unhealthy behavior. Poland is among the countries with high rates of smoking, and occurrence of tobacco related diseases. Tobacco use by children and adolescents is a serious public health problem because of the immediate and long-lasting harmful effects on health. A large group of current smokers begin smoking during youth. The goal of the work was to culturally and linguistically adapt, and test and pre-evaluate a Polish version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), which identifies and monitors trends in tobacco use among young people. Materials and methods. The test was administered by a test-retest method in 2015 with participation of 47 (25 girls and 22 boys) people aged 17–18. Respondents filled out the questionnaire twice within two weeks. The compliance percentage of individual test items and correlations between individual items in repeated measurements were evaluated. Results. More than seventy percent have reliability ratios at very high or high levels with twenty five percent at moderate levels. Conclusion. The tested Polish version of the NYTS questionnaire may be used in adolescent studies.

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