European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

URI dla tego Zbioruhttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/2798

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (poprzednio: Przegląd Medyczny Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego i Narodowego Instytutu Leków w Warszawie; Medical Review) to recenzowane czasopismo (kwartalnik), wydawane przez Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Do trzeciego kwartału 2015 roku wersję pierwotną czasopisma stanowiło wydanie papierowe. Od czwartego kwartału 2015 roku wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wydanie elektroniczne. European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine jest wydawane w wersji angielskiej. Tematyka prac publikowanych w czasopiśmie obejmuje zagadnienia związane z szeroko pojętą medycyną, medycyną kliniczną, doświadczalną, rehabilitacją, fizjoterapią, farmakoterapią, a także tematy dotyczące oceny jakości leków i bezpieczeństwa ich stosowania. Redakcja publikuje również przedruki (standardy, zalecenia, czy opinie Konsultantów Krajowych różnych dziedzin medycyny) po uprzednim uzyskaniu zgody wydawcy.

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Model development of hydroxyproline induced hyperoxaluria in young growing pigs
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Goncharova, Kateryna; Filip, Rafał; Świeboda, Paulina; Prykhodko, Olena; Fedkiv, Olexandr; Szwiec, Katarzyna; Valverde Piedra, Jose Luis; Majda, Blanka; Pierzynowski, Stefan Grzegorz
Aim of the study. In this study, we sought to create a model of reversible hyperoxaluria in pigs by feeding with hydroxyproline (HP). Materials and methods. The experiment included 12 pigs divided into 2 groups (n = 6). The pigs were fed twice a day. At the beginning of the experiment, in the adaptation period, all pigs were given standard feed. In the next 7 days, an increasing amount of hydroxyproline (1–3% HP), was added to the feed. In next 14 days, 4% HP was administered in each pig meal. After 14 days of 4% HP diet, the pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups. For 6 pigs, 4% HP treatment had been continued for the next 14 days while the second group of pigs for the next 14 days received a standard HP free diet. 24h urine samples, blood and fecal samples were collected on particular days. Results. The addition of HP to the diet increased urinary oxalate excretion. A characteristic increase was noted after 12 days of treatment with 4% HP. During the removal period, oxalate excretion decreased in the group without HP in diet, while in the group which continued with a 4% HP diet, oxalate excretion significantly increased. Gross examination of kidneys showed that in the group which had 4% HP diet for 4 weeks, kidneys were fibrotic with enlarged cavities, and had small visible urinary stones. In second group, kidneys were relatively normal looking with no visible stones. Conclusion. Hyperoxaluria is reversible, if HP is removed 14 days after the start of 4% HP diet. Prolonged exposure up to 4 weeks causes pathologic changes in kidneys including crystals, sand and small stone formation.
Evaluation of farmers’ first aid knowledge in most common injuries at work in agriculture – a pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Kucaba, Grzegorz; Bebło, Katarzyna; Wojtaszek, Marek; Filip, Dawid; Muster, Marek; Naróg, Maciej; Włodyka, Andrzej
Introduction. According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), agriculture is one of the most dangerous industries. The rate of fatal accidents in agriculture is about twice the average for other sectors. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of first aid concerning the most common injuries that occur in agricultural work. The analysis of the types of injuries during work in agriculture and their incidence among Polish farmers in the years 2013–2014 made it possible to define the most common types of injuries and their causes for the selected professional group and to draw up a survey for the farmers in order to achieve the main research goal. Material and methods. The study was conducted in two stages. At first, data from KRUS – Kasa Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Społecznego (the Polish Agricultural Social Insurance Fund) was analyzed with reference to the incidence and the type of injuries that occurred in agriculture in 2013 and 2014. Then research was carried out by means of a survey based on the data obtained in the first stage. The study was preliminary and it was carried out on a sample of 51 persons. Results. The most common cause of the 41,702 incidents qualified by the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund as an accident in agriculture in Poland in the years 2013 and 2014 was a fall from heights. Every fourth respondent had witnessed or had been directly involved in an accident in agriculture. Despite the fact that everyone declared familiarity with the principles of first aid, over a half of the respondents had never given it. Conclusion. All of the respondents declared having knowledge of the principles of first aid, however, research shows that their knowledge is incomplete and not consolidated. Due to the fact that there are few reports on the research topic, it seems advisable to continue it in a larger study group. With reference to pesticide use, despite having knowledge of the hazard of intoxication by organophosphate compounds, a majority of farmers included in the study did not use any personal protective equipment.
Bioactive food components in the diet of patients diagnosed with cancer
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Klekot, Konrad; Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska, Barbara
Introduction. Cancer, after cardiovascular disease, is the second most common cause of death both in Poland and Europe, so it is important to investigate and search for dietary components with anti-cancer properties. Components which can modulate different stages of carcinogenesis through epigenetic process are called bioactive food components. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional habits of patients diagnosed with cancer in terms of level of bioactive food components consumption. Material and methods. A group of 123 patients diagnosed with cancer were enrolled the study. The study was conducted by means of an anonymous questionnaire on diet history prepared by the authors. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software, statistical significance was adopted at the level of p < 0.05. Results. Based on the results of the questionnaires, major risk factors that increase the prevalence of cancer disease were age (above 55 years) and increased BMI (the score indicated overweight or obesity). Additionally, it was observed that cancer diagnosis resulted in change of eating habits in approx. 61.8% of the participants. Enrolled patients mostly consumed inadequate amounts of green vegetables, legumes, green tea and whole grains before the diagnosis. Moreover, patients with breast and colorectal cancer were found to be more likely to consume more red meat in comparison to others. – Both non-modifiable factors: age and modifiable ones: body weight and lifestyle influence morbidity. – Most participants ate incorrectly before cancer diagnosis; diagnosis of the disease changed their eating habits.
Assessment of relation between gait and static balance in children with cerebral palsy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Majewska, Joanna; Szczepanik, Magdalena; Drużbicki, Mariusz; Snela, Sławomir; Rusek, Wojciech; Sobota, Grzegorz; Nowak, Ewelina; Durmała, Jacek; Bonikowski, Marcin
Introduction. Cancer, after cardiovascular disease, is the second most common cause of death both in Poland anIntroduction. In children with cerebral palsy, gait and balance assessment allows for an objective gait pattern evaluation as well as for therapy planning and assessment. It was hypothesised that asymmetry of the lower limbs load in a standing position causes asymmetry of spatiotemporal gait parameters. Material and methods. 19 children with spastic diplegia and 20 healthy children participated in this study. 3D gait analysis was performed using the BTS Smart optoelectronic system. Stabilometric evaluation was performed using the Zebris Force Plate. Additionally, the Symmetry Index for selected gait and balance parameters was calculated. Results and conclusion. It was shown that symmetry of gait parameters and lower limb load in standing position differs significantly between the study and control groups. There was no correlation confirmed between lower limbs symmetry in standing position and symmetry of gait parameters. It was shown that 80% of children with cerebral palsy had asymmetrical gait patterns. It has also been shown that asymmetry of lower limbs load in a standing position correlates with an asymmetry of spatiotemporal gait parameters. The majority of children with spastic diplegia present asymmetrical gait patterns and asymmetrical balance parameters, but it has no influence on gait symmetry.
Morbidity trend of lip cancer in Podkarpacie and in Poland in the years 1963–2013
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Gawełko, Jan; Cierpiał-Wolan, Marek; Podgórska-Bednarz, Justyna; Kawecki, Andrzej
Introduction. The dramatic decline in the incidence of lip cancer, which until the 80s of the twentieth century was the cause of significant morbidity, is an example of changes in the structure and trends of cancer incidence both in Poland and in the regions. Aim. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the changes in the morbidity trend of the lip cancer during the last 50 years, both in Poland and in Podkarpacie. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the lip cancer morbidity in the Podkarpackie region and in Poland in the years 1963–2013 was carried out based on data from the literature and our own research. Results and conclusion. A steady decline in the incidence of lip cancer in Podkarpacie has been observed since 1982 for men and 1983 for women. In Poland these trends have been observed since 1972 for men and 1993 for women. In the analysed period significant changes in the incidence structure in terms of sex are observed – from approximately 1:10 (women / men) in 1963 similarly in Podkarpackie and Poland – to 1:4.6 in Podkarpacie and 1: 2.6 in Poland in 2013.
Comparative analysis of the incidence of Oropharyngeal cancer and Laryngeal cancer in the region of south-eastern Poland from 1980 to 2013
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Gawełko, Jan; Cierpiał-Wolan, Marek; Kawecki, Andrzej; Podgórska-Bednarz, Justyna
Introduction. The incidence of head and neck cancers in Poland demonstrated a general tendency to stabilize in the last two decades. However, a global phenomenon in the change of morbidity structure in terms of the specific anatomical location is observed, which will probably increasingly apply also to Poland. Aim. The aim of the study was to present the changes that have occurred in the structure of the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in comparison to laryngeal cancer in the period from 1980 to 2013, in the region of south-eastern Poland and the whole country. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence due to the head and neck organ cancer in 1980-2013 in the region of south-eastern Poland and the whole country was performed based on demographic data from the Provincial Statistical Office in Rzeszow and Podkarpackie Cancer Register as well as the Department of Epidemiology, Oncology Centre in Warsaw. Results and conclusion. In the last three decades, the percentage of laryngeal cancer incidence in women (13% vs 18%) as well as oropharyngeal cancer (18.2 % vs 21.6%) was lower in Podkarpacie than in Poland overall. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in men in Podkarpacie was lower in the analyzed period than in Poland overall, and only in the last 3 years of observation has it reached a value close to the average for the country. The incidence of laryngeal cancer in men showed a dramatic downward trend both in Poland and in the Podkarpacie province, whereby both in terms of incidence rates and standardized rates and percentages – it is far more pronounced in the analyzed province.
The effect of hippotherapy on postural balance
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Mikołajczyk, Edyta; Ligęza, Beata; Jankowicz-Szymańska, Agnieszka
Introduction. Impaired motor control in children with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) frequently leads to mobility limitations. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of hippotherapy on maintaining postural balance and gait in children with ICP. Material and methods. A total of thirty children with spastic diplegia, aged 8-13 years, participated in the study. All children took part in a two-week hippotherapy program. The Tinetti and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests were used to investigate the quality of their postural balance and gait. All tests were performed before and after therapeutic horseback riding. Results. After the two weeks of therapy, a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in balance maintenance and gait performance was observed in all children. Conclusion. 1. Hippotherapy sessions significantly improved the level of postural balance in children with ICP. 2. Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) positively affected the quality of gait and significantly decreased the risk of accidental falls in children who participated in the rehabilitation program.
Adaptation of a Polish version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire. A pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Lintowska, Agnieszka; Mazur, Artur
Introduction. In today’s world, tobacco is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with unhealthy behavior. Poland is among the countries with high rates of smoking, and occurrence of tobacco related diseases. Tobacco use by children and adolescents is a serious public health problem because of the immediate and long-lasting harmful effects on health. A large group of current smokers begin smoking during youth. The goal of the work was to culturally and linguistically adapt, and test and pre-evaluate a Polish version of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), which identifies and monitors trends in tobacco use among young people. Materials and methods. The test was administered by a test-retest method in 2015 with participation of 47 (25 girls and 22 boys) people aged 17–18. Respondents filled out the questionnaire twice within two weeks. The compliance percentage of individual test items and correlations between individual items in repeated measurements were evaluated. Results. More than seventy percent have reliability ratios at very high or high levels with twenty five percent at moderate levels. Conclusion. The tested Polish version of the NYTS questionnaire may be used in adolescent studies.
Could changes in the ultrasound image of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall be seen as a sign of muscle activity? A narrative review
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Linek, Paweł
Aim. Currently, ultrasonography (USG) is used to study changes occurring in the lateral abdominal wall muscles (LAM). Here, the question that naturally arises is whether a change in the thickness of the ultrasound image can be identified with a change in muscle activity. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to: 1) undertake an analysis of available publications exploring the relationship between electromyography (EMG) and USG; 2) define the USG measurement of each LAM; 3) identify gaps in the literature. Material and methods. The databases MEDLINE, POL-index and Google Scholar were used to search the literature. We used a combination of terms (in Polish and English) containing the abbreviated and full names of the following expressions: ultrasound, electromyography and external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, or transverse abdominal muscle. Results. Nine publications fulfilled the conditions for inclusion in the analysis. These used different methodologies and test conditions, making it difficult to interpret the results of individual works. The majority demonstrated poor or no correlation between EMG and USG measurements. Conclusion. Changes in the thickness of the LAM using USG should not be equated with a change in muscle activity. To avoid misinterpretation, one should avoid the term “muscle activity” in evaluating changes in the thickness of the LAM. It is recommended that the terms “thickness change” or “morphological change” be used in the assessment of this phenomenon, which is closely related to real changes in USG imaging, expressing a more complex phenomenon than a mere change in bioelectrical potential.
Cervical spine injuries in Poland – epidemiology, divisions, and causes
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Maciejczak, Andrzej; Guzik, Agnieszka; Przysada, Grzegorz; Wyszyńska, Justyna; Szeliga, Ewa
Aim. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the prevalence of cervical spine injuries divided between the level of the injury and the causes of fractures. Material and methods. A review of Polish and foreign literature was performed. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Termedia, and Polish Medical Bibliography. Literature analysis. In Poland the incidence of spinal injuries, including damage to the cord, is estimated at the level of 25–35 persons per one million of the population, half of these being cervical spine injuries. More than one in three of all spinal injuries affect the atlantoaxial and occipital area. It is estimated that axis fractures occur in up to 40% of the cases involving cervical spine injury. Odontoid fractures constitute 10–15% of all cervical spine fractures. Hangman fractures account for 20% of vertebral fractures. Cervical spine injuries more frequently occur in males than in females, and the relevant rates for males are from 1.5 to 2.7 times higher. The most common causes of cervical spine injuries include road traffic accidents, accounting for 33 to 75% of the cases, falls from heights (15–44%) and sports injuries (4–18%). Cervical spine injuries are most often diagnosed in subjects over thirty years of age. Such injuries most commonly are related to the second, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. On the other hand damage to the first and second cervical vertebrae is often observed in the same patients who are found with injury to lower cervical vertebrae (approx. 9% of the cases). In the group of advanced age subjects the most frequent cervical spine injuries are axial fractures and they are diagnosed in 15% of adult patients with cervical spine fractures.
The assessment of the impact of myofascial training on postural control – a case study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Guzik, Agnieszka; Chwaszcz, Bartłomiej; Drużbicki, Mariusz; Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Wyszyńska, Justyna
Introduction. A sedentary lifestyle with lack of physical activity contributes to deteriorated balance among healthy young people. Physical activity is import_ant since it stimulates neuromuscular junctions that control body posture, especially at younger age, when greater postural sway may be observed in stabilography compared to adults. Proper work of individual muscle groups is import_ant to maintain proper balance. Abnormal muscle tone can lead to dysbalances that make it difficult o maintain a stable posture in a variety of conditions. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a training cycle consisting of stretching of the ilopsoas, rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, hamstring and rectus abdominis, and eccentric training of the above mentioned muscles to improve static and dynamic balance. Methods. Oobjective and qualitative-subjective were used to assess the results in a man aged 22 yrs. Postural control was tested twice in the patient with the Neurocom International Inc. SMART EquiTest device under static conditions without visual control and with dynamic visual surrounding and unstable support surface. Automatic postural reflexes were also evaluated. In addition, clinical tests were performed. Results. Myo-fascial training, which included eccentric training combined with lower limb and trunk stretching improved the postural control in the subject.
Tumor of the pharynx – an unexpected diagnosis
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ura-Sabat, Katarzyna; Domka, Wojciech; Gamrot-Wrzoł, Marta; Szuber, Krzysztof
Introduction. Head and neck haemangiomas occur quite rarely. These are benign lesions, often involving the pharynx and larynx. They almost always pose a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Case description. This paper describes the case of an asymptomatic internal carotid artery aneurysm manifested by a throat tumour. A 78-year old woman with sudden deafness and vertigo was additionally diagnosed with a throat tumour. After radiological diagnosis of a haemangioma, the patient refused surgery. This article presents diagnostic methods and various types of treatments for head and neck haemangiomas. Attention was paid to the possibility of serious complications when deciding on surgical intervention of haemangiomas without a confirmed diagnosis. Conclusion. Suspicion of head and neck haemangiomas necessitates using all available diagnostic methods. The treatment plan should take into account the pace of progression, the patient’s age and co-morbid conditions.
Drug–induced gingival overgrowth after cyclosporin A therapy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ambicki, Miłosz; Brodowski, Robert; Mucha, Marta; Migut, Małgorzata; Malawski-Róg, Adam; Stopyra, Wojciech; Lewandowski, Bogumił
Introduction. Drug–induced gingival overgrowth is a condition caused by side effects of treatment with one of three types of drugs: phenytoin (used in epilepsy treatment), cyclosporin A (used in transplantology after allogeneic organ transplants) and calcium channel blockers (in the treatment of hypertension). Gingival overgrowth leads to the development of inflammation within the gums and periodontium, reduced comfort in a patient’s life, and consequently even loss of teeth. Aim. The aim of this study was to present the issue of drug–induced gingival overgrowth based on a review of the literature and observations of patients treated in the Clinical Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Frederic Chopin Provincial Specialist Hospital in Rzeszów. Case description. Massive gingival overgrowth requires surgical management. Attention should be paid to multidisciplinary cooperation in case of patients qualified for a transplant. It is also import_ant to qualify and evaluate the state of the oral cavity prior to the implementation of immunosuppressive medication, instruction of patients on oral hygiene and removal of the outbreaks of infection.
Chemiluminescence-driven Dye Excitation for Dark Photodynamic Therapy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ożóg, Łukasz; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek; Aebisher, David
Photodynamic therapy is a treatment that uses a combination of light-absorbing photosensitizers and dissolved oxygen to kill cancer. One specific limitation of photodynamic therapy is that the visible light used for photosensitizer excitation has a short tissue penetration depth of several millimeters. This limits the application of photodynamic therapy to surface cancers in the absence of a technique to illuminate deeper tissue. Efforts to extend tissue depth to which photodynamic therapy can be applied have been attempted with use of up-conversion and persistent-luminescent nanoparticles that absorb near infrared light and emit visible light for photosensitizer excitation, yet an initial excitation with an external light source is still required. More recently, systems employing chemiluminescence as an excitation energy source designed to bypass the use of external light have been developed and investigated as potential agents that could overcome the problem of achieving photodynamic therapy in deep tissue. We wish to provide an overview of several systems that have been recently reported that employ both radiative and non-radiative chemiluminescent energy transfer for photosensitizer excitation that have been developed in the hope of achieving “dark” photodynamic therapy. This article reviews several of these important new developments in the design of photodynamic therapeutic systems that utilize chemiluminescence.
Investigation of pharmaceuticals by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Bober, Zuzanna; Aebisher, David; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek; Guz, Wiesław; Tutka, Piotr; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
Currently, new and easier ways of analyzing pharmaceutical drug forms and drug delivery mechanisms are being sought. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that images drug forms such as tablets, liquids and topicals and drug form behavior in living organisms on both the tissue and cellular scale. The advantages of MRI include noninvasiveness, variable sample capacity and ease of transfer of phantom results to in vitro and in vivo studies. This review concerns the usefulness of clinical MRI that cannot be understated as this technique provides non-invasive and non-destructive insight into the properties of drug delivery systems. The research discussed here concerns the use of magnetic resonance, spectroscopy and chromatography to investigate selected pharmaceuticals and covers work of selecting drugs and antibodies for modification by synthesis for evaluation by MRI. Modifications have been aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy, delivery, and MRI. Modification conditions such as (pH, concentration, temperature, and the influence of other components present in the solutions) will be discussed to understand drug delivery system improvements and the reliability and repeatability of the results obtained. We hope to explore and expand the scope of pharmaceutical imaging with MRI for application in clinical medicine.
19F MRI As a tool for imaging drug delivery to tissue and individual cells
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Bober, Zuzanna; Aebisher, David; Ożóg, Łukasz; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek; Tutka, Piotr; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
Over the past few decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be extremely successful in medical applications. More recently, the biomedical applications of MRI have been gaining more use in the field of clinical pharmacy. In 1977, perfluorocarbon compounds (PFC), which form emulsions that can carry drugs, were analyzed by 19F MRI and emulsified PFC compounds have been investigated as potential blood substitutes since the early 1960s and now a wide variety of PFC compounds are currently available as 19F MRI biomarkers. Molecules with 19F substituents are particularly attractive for use in drug tracking by 19F MRI due to 100% 19F abundance, high 19F MRI sensitivity (0.83 relative to 1H MRI) and an impressively large chemical shift range (400 ppm). Another benefit in the use of 19F MRI is a zero background signal in biological samples due to lack of endogenous fluorine. Therefore, drugs containing fluorine atom have potential for 19F MRI imaging drug delivery to tissue. This article will review recent developments in the use of 19F MRI in imaging drug delivery to tissue and individual cells.
Functional MRI – how does it work?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Truszkiewicz, Adrian; Aebisher, David; Przypek, Aneta; Guz, Wiesław; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
Magnetic Nuclear Resonance (MRI) is a non-invasive tissue imaging method. This technique is based on the influence of a strong magnetic field and electromagnetic wave of strictly defined frequency on the nucleus of elements with non-zero spin. The study describes one of the variants of functional MRI, (fMRI), which has become a key technique in brain imaging. This technique has excellent spatial and temporal resolution and involves a changing signal intensity depending on the degree of oxygenation of the blood. Blood oxygenation levels are known to vary in accordance with neural activity and these differences can be used to detect brain activity. This is due to increased demand for energy and oxygen in the area of increased neural activity. The basis of this imaging is the so-called Blood Oxygenation-Level Dependent (BLOD) effect. The aim of this paper is to present the scope of fMRI as a diagnostic method in neurology and in neurosurgery. This paper presents the principles of fMRI, methods of application, research result development, and suggests areas of possible medical applications. The limitations of fMRI as a clinical tool in medical applications will also be addressed. Studies presented in this paper are based on clinical fMRI experience and a literature review.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography – noninvasive method to assess liver disease
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ożóg, Łukasz; Aebisher, David; Bober, Zuzanna; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota; Guz, Wiesław; Cholewa, Marian
Currently, liver disease is widespread and the awareness of these diseases is low. Early symptoms of liver disease do not necessarily indicate problems with this organ and patients are usually informed of their problems when the stage of the disease is already advanced. Invasive biopsies are the clinical diagnostic method most commonly used in the evaluation of liver disease. A biopsy is associated with a high risk of false results and additional complications. Finding new non-invasive imaging methods has led to the discovery of a new method called Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE). This technique allows one to evaluate the mechanical properties of tissues and to distinguish between pathological states. Testing using this technique can be performed on a conventional magnetic resonance system by using few additional components and properly prepared software. Studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between MRE-measured liver stiffness and the degree of fibrosis. MRE is also useful in characterizing liver tumors. Studies show that this technique is highly credible in both health volunteers and patients with liver fibrosis. MRE has tremendous diagnostic potential. The described technique is not currently widely used and has the potential to serve as a safe and accurate alternative in clinical diagnostics in the future.
Clinical application of advanced neuroimaging techniques – Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Guz, Wiesław; Bober, Zuzanna; Ożóg, Łukasz; Truszkiewicz, Adrian; Przypek, Aneta; Aebisher, David; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota; Urbanik, Andrzej
Continuous scientific research and the increasing saturation of the medical market in Poland implements the possibilities of using advanced MR techniques including MRS in everyday practice. This method, which has so far been used primarily for research purposes, can bring measurable benefits to patients not only in terms of clarifying diagnosis and narrowing differential diagnosis, but also monitoring the course of various diseases and their treatment. Here we present the basic principles of performing and interpreting spectroscopic spectra and possible clinical applications and development prospects of MRS. The literature reviewed both Polish and foreign articles both historically and in the past 10 years. The paper presents methodological issues related to the proper performance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectral composition and the role of major metabolites, as well as current clinical applications and directions of MRS development.
An overview of the preclinical and clinical studies of the effects of tumor treating fields on malignant glioma cells
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Bądziul, Dorota; Banaś-Ząbczyk, Agnieszka; Tabarkiewicz, Jacek
Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, WHO grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV) are malignant tumors of the brain. The average survival time of patients with GMB is approximately one year and two years in the case of anaplastic astrocytoma with standard therapy based on surgical tumor resection followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. High invasiveness of gliomas, the ability of rapid division and so-called diffusive infiltration of tumor cells into normal brain tissue, which prevents complete surgical removal, are hallmarks of theses tumors. Therefore, new specific therapies for eliminating cancer cells are needed to treat this tumors. Recently, it has been demonstrated that alternating electric field, also known as tumor treating fields (TTFields) has a unique mechanism of destroying glioma cells. TTFields applies electromagnetic energy frequency-dependent and intensitydependent and disrupts cancer cell replication as they undergo mitosis. Futhermore, TTFields turn out to act comparably to conventional chemotherapeutics, lacking numerous side adverse associated with chemotherapy. The authors provide an up-todate review of the mechanism of action as well as preclinical and clinical data on TTFields.

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