Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy z. 60(4)/2019

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  • Pozycja
    Innovation management: subject re-evaluation
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Bal-Woźniak, Teresa
    The article is of a conceptual character and proposes a change in the paradigm of thinking about innovation management. The growing belief in the importance of innovation for increasing the competitive advantage of companies and the international position of the national economy does not go hand in hand with the effectiveness of innovation management. This applies in particular to the so-called catching-up countries, which include Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It was the basis for proposing the concept of innovation management from the subjective approach and its operationalization in the context of the needs arising from contemporary development trends. The author proposes appreciating the subjective role of the individual (a human being) in the innovation process. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to dissect the innovation process as the capacity to implement innovations, and then integrate them into the subjective approach of innovativeness. The hypothesis is proved by demonstrating that the new approach opens the perspective of causing that innovativeness becomes a universal competence (meta-competence), which may lead to an increase in the effectiveness of innovation management in the form of higher innovation intensity. This higher efficiency is indirectly achieved by shaping the appropriate innovative attitudes and behaviours of people. The results of the conducted research will increase understanding of the reasons for insufficient innovation in Polish enterprises and the economy as a whole. At the same time, they set the direction for further research, including institutional conditions for innovation and innovativeness, because people’s innovative attitudes and behaviours are influenced by a series of behavioural institutions. The study also indicates some directions for integrating innovation management in the subject approach with the innovation policy of governments and institutional reforms oriented towards the dissemination of civilization progress.
  • Pozycja
    Regional differentiation of households in the context of a subjective assessment of the level of income
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Grzywińska-Rąpca, Małgorzata
    One of the factors affecting the stratification and diversity of living conditions of the population is the level of income of the population. Income levels indicate inequalities that are inevitable and even necessary to some extent. They are part of the incentive mechanisms in consumer behaviour. The aim of the article was to show, by grouping voivodships, the differences in the assessment of the subjective level of household income. Households participating in the Household Budget Survey conducted by the Polish Central Statistical Office reported the amount of income (in PLN) allowing (in their assessment) to recognize the given income as: very weak, insufficient, barely sufficient, good and very good. The specified values of the centroids made it possible to organize voivodships in Poland due to the level of analysed features and identification of groups in which there are households with similar expectations and a subjective assessment of the economic situation. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that in terms of subjective assessments of the level of income obtained by households there are stratifications in the individual groups of voivodships. The analysis of the diversity of income level assessments was conducted in a spatial section (diversification of the phenomenon by voivodships). The SOM-Kohonen method was used for the analysis.
  • Pozycja
    Social inclusion through service provision for the armed forces community: the officers’ perspective
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Yassim, Mazia
    Public awareness and interest in the UK armed forces has increased over the years as a result of their involvement in various conflict situations. Research has also identified the increasing support and services that the armed forces community need, including mental wellbeing and the transition to civilian life. The voluntary sector has played a key role in the social inclusion of the armed forces by providing support and services for the armed forces community in the UK. This paper argues that gaining a more in-depth understanding of the armed forces community and their needs would help the various service charities to plan and deliver their services as well as to promote themselves more effectively. The purpose of this research was to understand and identify the service needs of one cohort of the UK armed forces – officers and their families. Qualitative, in-depth interviews of case workers and the beneficiaries of a service charity working with officers and their families were carried out, as well as observations and discussions with various service charities and the attendees of outreach services for veterans. The thematic analysis of the interviews, observations and discussion notes helped identify eight specific service needs that were important to the officers and their families.
  • Pozycja
    Empirical analysis of the perceptionof financial exclusion in Poland by women
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Sołtysiak, Mirosław
    The issue of financial exclusion has been the topic of scientific research for decades now. Each and every individual may become excluded with respect to an array of criteria, such as for instance educational background, income level, financial status, nationality, religion or even lifestyle. This means they are not allowed to perform certain social activities, even though they are both able and willing to undertake them. This unfavourable condition is usually caused by other people’s reluctance. The article addresses the issues of the perception of financial exclusion by female Poles on the basis of the results of a survey. Firstly, the awareness of the problem of financial exclusion among Polish female respondents is presented. Secondly, the causes of the phenomenon are elaborated on, as well as the types of individuals potentially endangered by such an exclusion. Finally, the outcome of research is provided in terms of the evaluation of the phenomenon’s range in Poland and identification of the risk of self-exclusion. Moreover, entities in charge of counteracting the risk of financial exclusion are indicated by the respondents in question.
  • Pozycja
    Practical dimensions of knowledge transfer in the diverse modern labour market – a research-based discussion
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Pietruszka-Ortyl, Anna
    Nowadays knowledge has clearly gained the attribute of domination and has been widely recognized as the one from intangible resources, which has great importance for shaping competitive advantage. Knowledge, therefore, has become a new foundation of organisations’ well-being, and in the future the property will be the ability to gain control over knowledge. At present, we are pointing to a new dimension of social inequalities, the base of which is access to knowledge. Therefore, one of the ways of bridging these inequalities can be the conscious and controlled shaping of knowledge transfer between groups of knowledge agents, representing diverse, often overlapping, social and organizational categories. The study has a theoretical-empirical character. Its purpose is to synthesize a work on literature devoted to the transfer of knowledge and to indicate the dimensions of this process in view of the existing diversity in the labour market. The aim of the empirical part is to check in which groups of knowledge agents and by using which instruments, which sub-processes of knowledge transfer are implemented. The general research hypothesis is the assumption that the course of the knowledge transfer process depends on which groups of knowledge agents it concerns. It caused the emergence of detailed hypotheses and specific research questions. In order to find answers to these, the method of critical analysis and empirical research, based on a questionnaire based on in-depth interviews, was used. The results obtained from empirical research prove that sharing knowledge is the domain of professionalists and the dimension of the intergenerational exchange of knowledge. Acquiring knowledge is most often carried out at the level of specialists’ relations with other employees and between generations. Sharing knowledge is the domain of specialists and is usually and most often performed during their contacts with other employees. Dissemination of knowledge, in turn, is the chief subprocess of the hierarchical dimension of knowledge transfer.