Tematy i Konteksty 9(14) 2019

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/5241

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Literatura w kręgu unijnych zbliżeń. W 450. rocznicę Unii Lubelskiej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Stanisz, Marek; Trościński, Grzegorz
The paper is an introduction to the discussion devoted to literary evidence of “unification initiatives” (unions, alliances, international agreements and other unification projects) as witnessed in the history of Europe for many centuries. Artistic writings have long been presenting the dialogue between union partners, taking place both in public (international or national) as well as private space. Among these phenomena, particularly noteworthy are unification visions, cultural osmosis, evidence of individual participation in unification processes, acts of building the collective awareness, ways of interpreting both shared and alien cultural or religious symbols, literary expressions of the relations between “I” and “You”, strategies used in constructing the linguistic image of the shared world and alien worlds. The paper attempts to systematize specific issues related to these problems and is an introduction to the discussion carried out in the latest issue of „Tematy i Konteksty”.
Literature in the Context of Unification Initiatives to Commemorate the 450th Anniversary of the Union of Lublin
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Stanisz, Marek; Trościński, Grzegorz
The paper is an introduction to the discussion devoted to literary evidence of “unification initiatives” (unions, alliances, international agreements and other unification projects) as witnessed in the history of Europe over many centuries. Artistic writings have long presented the dialogue between union partners, taking place both in public (international or national) as well as private space. Among these phenomena, particularly noteworthy are unification visions, cultural osmosis, evidence of individual participation in unification processes, acts of building the collective awareness, ways of interpreting both shared and alien cultural or religious symbols, literary expressions of the relations between “I” and “You”, strategies used in constructing the linguistic image of the shared world and alien worlds. The paper attempts to systematize specific issues related to these problems and is an introduction to the discussion carried out in the latest issue of „Tematy i Konteksty”.
In varietate concordia. Nauki humanistyczne i ich wpływ na imaginarium społeczne
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Żardecka, Magdalena
The paper views human sciences as a kind of cultural bond, building unity across all divisions and boundaries. For this purpose it uses arguments proposed by such intellectuals as Nussbaum, Rorty, Markowski and Assmann. It aims at justification of the thesis that humanities serve intrinsic integration and development of personality, social integration, maintaining bonds with the past and history, and creating a sense of common destiny of all human beings. Human sciences expand our horizons, allowing us to transcend the limits of our inborn egoism, they teach us how to imaginatively reach beyond and above the local perspective, creating foundations for interpersonal solidarity, respect, tolerance and compassion. The present political trends in Poland and in the world clearly favor natural and technical sciences, tending to devaluate and to marginalize humanities, which can be a prognostic of cultural regress, with unpredictable consequences for the future.
Wokół kategorii metaxú. Doświadczanie i wytwarzanie międzyludzkiego pogranicza za pomocą języka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Korwin-Piotrowska, Dorota
The subject of the paper consists in the reflections dedicated to the creation of the inter-human “borderland”. The metaxú category (Greek: μεταξύ, in-between) serves this purpose. Derived from antiquity, it was interpreted by Simone Weil in her book La Pésanteur et la Grâce (Gravity and Grace). The study develops Weil’s concept, and at the same time it expands it towards linguistics. A list of five notions is proposed. They present different aspects of metaxú, such as relationality, borderlandness, pragmatism, ambivalence, and transversality, which point to the anthropological and social role of the “in-between”. These notions are discussed in the paper at length, and then referred to the linguistic communication, which is treated exactly as a metaxú sphere.
Modele polskiej prozy „unijnej”. Próba klasyfikacji
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Pasterska, Jolanta
Poland’s accession to the European Union and the democratization of the country resulted in a change in the specificity of the Polish emigration prose. Its political dimension was subdued. The status and role of the writer-emigrant changed. Now, without the feeling of having betrayed his/her homeland or language, the writer has become a chronicler of the life of compatriots abroad and an observer of the culture of the country of settlement. The focus of the present considerations is an attempt to characterize three models according to which the description of sociological and cultural phenomena takes place. The first one covers the type of stories symptomatic of migration in which the characters are young people without complexes, curious about the world, wishing to discover it. In this case, we are dealing with intercultural texts that attempt to describe the new culture of the country of settlement and the related identity experiences. The second model uses a model present in postcolonial literature. The hero of this prose is an oppressed migrant whose “mission” is, in a sense, to conquer the new country in order to become a “colonizer” and lose the status of a “colonized” one. He/she thus stands in opposition to a foreign world and the new culture/cultures. The third variant collects polemic works in the face of both this doctrine and the post-colonial discourse, both of which, entering into dialogue with the above mentioned forms, create their own model of counter-discourse.
Różne modele i przestrzenie unii – przypadek Ukrainy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Bracki, Artur
The paper is devoted to the analysis of various models and spaces of the Union with reference to Ukraine. The perspective of the religious, political and cultural union was taken as a starting point. Using selected examples and based on the rich literature of the subject, a review of the activities of the Union from the 10th century to the present has been made. An important element of the study was the demarcation of activities unifying inside and outside of one’s own national community. This allowed for more accurate tracing of the mechanisms of community gathering around a particular idea or its rejection. From the reconnaissance it can be concluded that for the Ukrainian space the unification activities were the most favorable, which was marked by the centripetal, convergent and ukrainocentric vector.
Doświadczając historii: melancholia przeszłości w kulturach peryferyjnych na przykładzie Polski i Portugalii
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Partyka, Joanna
In this paper I combine several different notions from broadly conceived humanities and two histories: of Poland and of Portugal at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. I comprehend here the experiencing of history as a way of treating one’s own, national past. The metaphor of experiencing history is related to the question of what the historical circumstances and situations are, what the purpose is and what history is referred to by the elites who are instrumental in shaping national identity. Melancholy of the past is already a partial answer-thesis to the question: In what way? The notion of peripheral cultures seems to be useful when we attempt to answer the question: in what situations and for what purpose we (the Portuguese and the Poles) referred, but also still continue to refer, to the past/history. Some considerations on the experience of history will have the following two Unions in the background: the Iberian Union (1580) and the Union of Lublin (1569).
Przedunijne nadzieje i obawy kryjące się za obrazem średniowiecznych władców zawartym w „Rozmowie Polaka z Litwinem” (1564)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Gacka, Dorota
“Conversation of a Pole with a Lithuanian”, written by Augustine Mieleski Rotundus in July or August 1564, was an answer to the political dialogue titled Quincunx. The dialogue was authored by Stanislaus Orzechowski. In his work he ordered Lithuanians to enter the union with Poland, but in the same work he named them slaves and people deprived of freedom. He also expressed the view that only citizens of kingdoms are free and Lithuanians as inhabitants of a duchy have no liberty. Augustine Rotundus replied to him that not all kingdoms enjoy freedom: citizens are free if they have a good ruler. The present paper consists of two parts. In the first part, I present participants of polemics of 1564 and their dialogues, which are written according to ancient rules. In the second part, I quote the medieval threads from Conversation, in which Rotundus talks about rulers of Poland and emperors of Germany. He proves that Polish kings were not always good rulers. Sometimes dukes were better than kings. Therefore the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is not worse than the Kingdom of Poland. Medieval threads also exhibit preunion hopes and fears of the Lithuanians. We find here the picture of the state and the portrait of the ruler which wanted by them. The state should have a Christian character and law which is well constructed. Furtherly, the ruler should be wise, willing to cooperate with the Church, independent of his wife and free of excessive ambition.
Mikołaj Rej a „sprawa litewska” – uwagi Pana z Nagłowic o unii (lubelskiej) i Litwinach
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Dybek, Dariusz
Mikolaj Rej was not only one of the most notable 16th century Polish writers, but also an active member of the parliament. Among others, he worked on the Polish-Lithuanian issues. Based on the governmental documentation, Rej was engaged in these issues from 1542 onwards. He also dedicated a few pieces of writing to the matter, the most important of which is a poem written around 1567 entitled ‘Union with Lithuania’. In the poem he condemned the sluggishness in debating the unification of the two countries, but emphasized that the Lithuanians should have taken a greater interest in the matter, since Poland could have helped their fights with the Eastern neighbours. As he did during the parliamentary sessions, the author also stressed the need for electing a common king. Despite hoping for a quick resolution and unification, Rej did not regard Lithuania as an equal parter for Poland. Based on a few poets, the author seems to think of the Lithuanians as of a backward nation (e.g. their table manners during the feasts and the use of primitive language). It is worth noting that Rej treated the Lithuanian aristocracy differently. While describing the clans and noble families (e.g. the Radziwiłł family or the Chodkiewicz family), he emphasised their patriotism and bravery. Rej’s remarks on the Lithuanians and the union did not stand out from the common opinion at the time. They could represent the feelings of a typical member of the Polish gentry.
Idea unii polsko-litewskiej w twórczości Jana Kochanowskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Rusnak, Radosław
The paper takes a common view of those works by Jan Kochanowski which reflect the relationship between the author and the act of the Polish-Lithuanian Union established on 1 July 1569 in Lublin. The only text that is the poet’s direct reaction to the event in question is Proporzec or Hołd pruski, which does not mean that there are no other works of this type by Kochanowski. The examples are the poem Zgoda / Concordia, Fragment XXI (Battle with Amurat at Varna), the Latin Ode IV (Ad Concordiam) or Fraszka II 107 (Na most warszewski / On the Bridge of Warsaw).
Pieśń o chwale Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. Uwagi o tradycji genologicznej „Proporca albo Hołdu pruskiego” Jana Kochanowskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Banaś-Korniak, Teresa
The aim of the paper is to show that Jan Kochanowski’s “Proporzec albo Hołd Pruski”, a work of literature considered for a long time to be poor in artistic terms, refers to the convention of a triumphant song of victory, namely the epinikion. It is a literary form with ancient roots. The poet of Czarnolas, in his original way, combined the convention of epinikion with verse-driven canvassing speech (on the border between genus deliberativum and genus demonstrativum), using a number of arguments in favour of implementing the resolutions of the Sejm (Parliament Assembly) of Lublin of 1569. The work consistently develops one thread – the struggle with the Teutonic Knights, which is connected with the selective presentation of the historical images of the Polish rulers’ military campaigns for Pomerania and Duchy of Prussia. The consistency of the presented historical descriptions with the ideological content, expressive “speech decorations” and faithfulness to the conventions of the sixteenth-century political poetry make the literary artistry of Proporzec… impressive and standing out with its artistry against the background of occasional Old Polish poems.
Jana Ponętowskiego wierszowana relacja o unii lubelskiej i sejmie 1569 roku
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Kroczak, Jerzy
The union between Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a legal act with permanent and historically important effects, was signed in Lublin in 1569. Jan Ponętowski (a nobleman, probably a witness of the events) wrote a poetic report on the event entitled “Krótki rzeczy polskich sejmowych pamięci godnych komentarz (Short Commentary on Memorable Polish Parliamentary Matters)”, printed in Cracow in 1569. The paper touches upon what Ponętowski says about the Union and other events in Lublin during the parliament: diplomatic missions, judgments, topics of talks and news from other lands. It also tries to explain why the Union of Lublin (the most important achievement of the parliament) was only marginally described by the author; and also why he only laconically reported the solemn feudal homage of Albert Frederick, the Duke of Prussia, to the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus. The paper compares Ponętowski’s book with old-Polish historiographical descriptions of these matters.
„Niezadowoleni są, ale nie uciekać było spod Pskowa, a dotrwać do końca!” Jan Piotrowski o Litwinach
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Ślęczka, Tomasz
The paper deals with the manner in which the Pole Jan Piotrowski, the author of the diary of Stefan Batory’s expedition to Pskov (1581-1582), depicted the Lithuanians participating in it. He rarely referred to stereotypical ideas about them, rather than this he described the reality that he observed and did not skew it towards the established beliefs. Although he valued his countrymen more, he could show courage and bravery of the Lithuanian soldiers, especially praising the raid of Krzysztof Radziwiłł’s troop. Somewhat more often, however, he reprimanded the Lithuanians: underestimated their number and combat quality, accused them of withdrawing too quickly from Pskov, emphasized their susceptibility to rumours. Among the citizens of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he most disliked Chancellor Eustachy Wołłowicz, who hindered Piotrowski from fulfilling his mission and often refused access to the documents he possessed. The image we receive is inhomogeneous. It combines bright and dark sides of fellow Lithuanian citizens, which makes it seem very credible.
Pozorna unia… Rzeczpospolita, Polacy i rodzina narodów słowiańskich w „Wywodzie” Dembołęckiego (geneza – znaczenie – predestynacja)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Sztyber, Radosław
The sketch is an attempt at presenting Wojciech Dembołęcki’s views (contained in “Wywód jedynowłasnego państwa świata [Treatise on the only True Country of the World]”) on some issues, especially political issues, concerning the authority of Poles and its origin. The book published in 1633 (Warsaw) seems to be very controversial for its reader may find a lot of megalomaniac concepts often based on presumptions, historical usurpations, re-interpretations or simply naive etymology. The mentioned manipulations in the sphere of philosophy of history allowed the author to come to incredible conclusions. The fundamental one is connected with the first ever language that was spoken in paradise. The Franciscan writer convinced it was the Slavic tongue (“słowiański” from the Polish “słowo” – “word”), in effect Slavs must have been the oldest people of the world. There are numerous consequences of such an assumption, nevertheless the Poles were particularly privileged – as noble descendants of Adam and Eve – and only they participated in the mankind development process, they were responsible for civilization achievements, founded first ever cities, established the state system (and even regalia), defeated various military powers in the past, etc. Therefore, they allegedly had an exclusive right to rule countries and nations of the whole globe. This is the most important message of the book in question, although the author himself probably did not believe in his own imaginary theory fabricated just for show and because of overly ambitious Polish noblemen’s needs.
Konterfekt polsko-litewskich zbliżeń w poezji Wacława Potockiego („Ogród nie plewiony”, „Moralia”)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Borkowski, Andrzej
The paper deals with less well-known poetry of Wacław Potocki, which concerns Polish and Lithuanian relations. The poems show the multicoloured picture of social and political tensions between the Lithuanians and the Poles. A satiric tone and the moral high ground prevail in Potocki’s poems. Stable relations between Poland and Lithuania are perceived by the writer as the key factor for safety and development of the common country. The writings sometimes present a critical attitude of the poet towards the separatist tendency of Lithuania, and they also reveal the poet’s pride in belonging to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
„Godne Księstwo Litewskie takiego klejnotu” – edycja krytyczna cyklu wierszy dotyczących Pogoni z „Pocztu herbów” Wacława Potockiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Piotrowiak, Dariusz
The paper is a critical edition of Wacław Potocki’s series of poems centered around the Lithuanian coat of arms „Pogonia”. The poems come from a verse book of heraldry: The Coats of Arms of the Nobility of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, published in 1696. The transcription of the works is accompanied by explanations of a multifaceted character.
Wyciszana klęska unii lubelskiej: litewska odsiecz wiedeńska
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Obremski, Krzysztof
Did the Union of Lublin pass the test of time in 1683 in perhaps in the most difficult period for it? The Lithuanian relief of Vienna was only simulated, but if everything was calmed down, it was because the anti-Royal opposition was strong and John III was weak. At the same time, a problem arose of how to proclaim the glory of the Viennese triumph without humiliating the late and infamous Lithuania? The answer is a school Jesuit theatre and a performance entitled Picture of Victory [...].
Tolerancja religijna i integralność społeczeństwa polskiego w „Opisie obyczajów za panowania Augusta III” Jędrzeja Kitowicza
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Magryś, Roman
In the paper it is argued that the author of “Description of Customs…”, who was a Catholic priest, showed greater tolerance for non-Christian religions than for Lutheran and Calvinist denominations. This was linked with the fact that Protestants effectively competed with Catholic nobility in the same spheres of public life to gain social and material goods in Poland in the times of the Saxon Dynasty. Kitowicz exhibited an intense dislike for deists as he accused them of a lack of religiousness in its essential aspects involving the cultivation of sacred rituals and ceremonies, and he claimed they were sufficiently satisfied with pure ideology. Generally speaking, the author of “Description of Customs…” did not attack other religions for reasons related to faith; he did it for pragmatic reasons, paying attention to social interests of Catholic nobility, or in connection with morality, in the case of atheists and nonbelievers.
Saksonia i Saksończycy w świetle pamięci o uniach polsko-saskich w wybranych relacjach pamiętnikarskich Polaków z pierwszej połowy XIX wieku
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Grzęda, Ewa
This present paper is an attempt to trace the reception of the Polish-Saxon relations (in a polonized Polish-Saxon version) in the first half of the nineteenth century, recorded in selected memoirs and epistolary notes from that period. The point of reference in this case is the historical personal unions between Poland and Saxony, i.e. the history of political relations. The basic subject of the analysis are the interpersonal relations between Poles and Saxons in the post-partition period, at a time when there were about 10,000 Poles in Saxony seeking asylum after leaving the Polish lands during the November Uprising, and the ways of taming the space characterized by the signs of the common political past. The memory of Polish- -Saxon personal unions seems to have made it easier for Poles to adapt to the new social and even linguistic situation. As it appears, the interest of Poles in Saxony at that time was not only limited to seeking political asylum, but also had a tourist and cognitive dimension. Poles discoverd Saxon Switzerland and learned how to do mountain tourism before going to their native Tatra Mountains. The basis for this paper is a selection of accounts and diaries of Andrzej Edward Koźmian, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, Klementyna Hoffmanowa nee Tańska, Juliusz Słowacki’s correspondence and Stanisław Deszert’s manuscript journal.
Konstanty Gaszyński na Litwie
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Lyszczyna, Jacek
Konstanty Gaszyński found himself in Lithuania during the November Uprising, fighting as a lieutenant in the corps of General Giełgud. The images of the uprising in Lithuania are reflected in his book “Pieśni pielgrzyma polskiego” (“The Songs of a Polish Pilgrim”). It was published in Paris in 1833, after the defeat of the uprising, and it contains 24 poems, e.g.: “Przejście Niemna przez wojska polskie (Crossing the Neman by the Polish Army), Spalenie Czerwonego dworu (The Burning of the Red Mansion), Zajęcie Rosień przez powstańców (Insurgents Occupying Rosienie)” and “Do Emilii Plater i Marii Raszanowicz, walczących w szeregach powstańców litewskich (To Emilia Plater and Maria Raszanowicz, Fighting in the Ranks of the Insurgents of Lithuania)”.

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