Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 18 (2023)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/9526

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Aktualnie wyświetlane 1 - 16 z 16

(review) Michał Grygiel. Osadnictwo celtyckie w zachodniej Małopolsce. Ze studiów nad grupą tyniecką [Celtic settlements in western Lesser Poland. From studies on the Tyniec group]. Kraków 2022: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 571 pages, 112 figures, 100 plates, 8 tables.
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Bochnak, Tomasz
(review) Wojciech Poradyło. Cmentarzysko z epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza w Machowie (Tarnobrzeg) [A cemetery from the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age in Machów (Tarnobrzeg)] (= Biblioteka Muzeum Archeologicznego w Krakowie 11). Kraków 2022: 330 pages, 18 figures, 174 plates, 5 tables.
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Jabłkowski, Michał
Research on the Bridge in Jestřebí, Česká Lípa District, Czech Republic
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Martyčák, Stanislav
The aim of this article is to present to the reader with the results of the watching brief of the defunct historical bridge in Jestřebí, Česká Lípa district. The research brought new knowledge about the construction technology and dating of the bridge. The new findings are then placed in context with the information gathered to date about other bridges in the Česká Lípa region in North Bohemia.
Results of Archaeometrical Studies on a Kontush Sash from Piaseczno (Pomorskie Province, Poland)
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Miazga, Beata; Grupa, Dawid; Grupa, Małgorzata
Archaeometric studies on silk thread wound around with metal strips are still rarely undertaken in Poland. Their popularization seems to be necessary, however, as there are many problems to solve. In the case of a kontush sash manufactured in Gdańsk as archaeological finds, the main question is whether they used metal strips prepared by local craftsmen, what raw material was employed, and what methods of gilding were implemented. Only future regular studies and analyses can answer these questions. The article presents the results of tests on metal strips wound around silk threads coming from a kontush sash manufactured by Besch, excavated in the crypt under the presbytery of the church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Piaseczno (Pomorskie voivodeship, Poland).
The “Cow-mouth” Footwear from Coffin no. 7 in the Presbytery of the St Nicholas Church in Gniew (Poland)
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Kozłowski, Tomasz; Nowosad, Wiesław; Nalaskowski, Filip; Grupa, Dawid; Grupa, Małgorzata
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of a pair of shoes excavated during archaeological research in the chancel of the St. Nicholas Church in Gniew, found on the feet of a man over 60. It is the first pair of Renaissance “cow-mouth” type shoes excavated from a grave. The results of the study of both archaeological material (footwear, velvet headgear covered with embroidery using threads in a metal braid) and iconography – portrait depictions, group scenes, and archival sources – confirmed the high social status of the deceased.
Shipyard Archaeology in the Southern Baltic
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Ossowski, Waldemar
In the past two decades, the topic of archaeological studies of shipyard sites has regularly appeared in research devoted to maritime archaeology around the world. The closer attention of archaeologists to shipyard sites is due to the increased interest in studies of the maritime cultural landscape, ship graveyards, and coastal archaeology. The purpose of this paper is to review the problems of archaeological research of shipyard sites in the southern Baltic Sea and to compare these problems with previous research results from other regions. Seasonal or occasional sites for the building or repair of boats and ships have been created since the earliest times. Isolating such sites is often problematic since sleepers or simple wooden supports were sufficient for the construction of plank boats and the work was carried out in the open air. In the coastal cities of the southern Baltic, there is evidence for the existence of designated permanent shipbuilding yards, although without permanent shipbuilding structures, since the late Middle Ages. These were places in which a ship’s carpenter received permission from the city authorities to use a particular section of the yard for shipbuilding in return for an appropriate fee. Structures used for construction were assembled each time to a specific order from the builder’s materials and they could be dismantled after completion of the project. Archaeological research of the Gdansk Lastadia site remains the best recognized shipyard providing a more complete picture of the maritime cultural landscape of this southern Baltic city from the late Middle Ages to the 19th century.
A Surprise from the East. A Quiver or Bowcase Loop from the Ancillary Settlement in Gdańsk
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Janowski, Andrzej
Archaeological explorations carried out between Tartaczna and Panieńska streets in Gdańsk has provided a wealth of movable historical artefacts. One of them is a quiver/bowcase loop made of antler. The article discusses typological classification, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characteristics of the artefact. Antler and iron elements of quivers and bowcases are very rare in Poland and all of them are considered to be elements of foreign culture: Rus’ or Hungarian.
A Grave from Nezabylice, Chomutov District. On the Phenomenon of Inhumation in Stage B1 of the Early Roman Period in Bohemia
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Hlavová, Jana Kuljavceva; Kuljavceva Hlavová, Jana; Ondráčková, Lenka; Černochová, Radka; Křivánek, Roman; Radoň, Miroslav; Půlpán, Marek
The article describes the discovery of a skeletal grave in 2015 in Nezabylice (NW Bohemia, Chomutov district) at a cremation burial ground, which was dated to stage B1 of the early Roman period according to characteristic metal objects. Today, only four dozen similarly dated skeletal graves are registered in Bohemia, which, together with the early date of acquisition, makes them one of the rarest and most difficult to recognize archaeological monuments in this area. In the given situation, every recently researched skeleton grave from the early Roman period brings a wealth of new and important information about this distinctive phenomenon of burial rite among the Elbe-Germanic tribes.
Bacterial Endospores as an Additional Source of Archaeological Knowledge in the Analysis of a Burial Cemetery of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture in Dębina (SE Poland)
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna; Potocki, Leszek; Czopek, Sylwester; Ząbek, Tomasz
Archaeological studies need to use laboratory techniques, including analytical methods like Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as genetic methods to resolve and verify scientific hypotheses. However, additional tools are still needed in the case of the cultural practices and traditions of ancient societies. Archaeological examinations of cultural practices have made significant progress in recent years, but additional tools are still needed to fully understand the complexity and diversity of these practices. In this work, we demonstrate how the genotyping of soil bacteria that can produce endospores is a potentially additional method for discovering past funeral rituals in various human populations who used food during their ceremonies. Endospores were isolated from soil samples taken from inside earthenware cup and pot-type vessels from a burial ground identified with the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture (SE Poland). The detected species of spore-forming bacteria strains were mostly environmental (originating from soil and / or water). However, the presence of some of the taxa i.e. (Peanibacillus, Bacillus) may provide a valuable source of archaeological information. We found that a combination of molecular and microbiological analysis can support archaeological studies of burial grounds and – in particular – individual graves, especially when they are characterized by a complete lack of bones.
Barrow Cemetery in Zbudza in the Eastern Slovak Lowland
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Jarosz, Paweł; Horváthová, Eva; Przybyła, Marcin M.; Sznajdrowska-Pondel, Aleksandra
The barrow site in Zbudza is located in the East Slovak Lowland. In 1980, Elena Miroššayová carried out excavations on the burial mound (no. 1) located behind th old Jewish cemetery. The central burial pit and clusters of pottery and traces of hearths were discovered. Some potsherds the possess ornamentation typical for the Corded Ware culture. The charcoal found near the burial pit were radiocarbon dated to 4140±35 BP (Poz-151727), which can be correlated to the years 2866–2632 BC. At the site in Zbudza and the neighbouring Trnava pri Laborci, thanks to the LIDAR data, about 20 burial mounds in various states of preservation and different chronological positions were registered. Some of them should be associated with the presence of the Corded Ware and Yamna cultures from the 3rd millennium BC. Geophysical prospection of burial no. 2 located in the part of the village called “Imrička” was conducted in 2021.
A Contribution to the Study of Traces of Psychotropic Substances Inside Miniature Vessels and Collared Flasks of the Eneolithic Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) from Poland
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Taras, Halina; Zakościelna, Anna; Osak, Marcin; Buszewicz, Grzegorz; Teresiński, Grzegorz
The text presents the results of laboratory analyses conducted on vegetal intoxicating substances identified on the walls of selected pottery forms discovered at Polish sites attributed to the south-eastern group of the FBC. The samples taken from miniature vessels and collared flasks were examined using the GC-MS/MS method (triple quadrupole) and then the reference method LC-MS/MS (linear ion trap). As a result of the research, psychotropic substances were identified in four samples: papaverine, scopolamine and atropine.
A Cucuteni-Vădastra Type Dagger from Site 26 at Strzyżów (S-E Poland) Attests to the Intercultural Landscape of the Eneolithic Eastern Carpathians
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Zakościelna, Anna; Adamczak, Kamil; Garbacz-Klempka, Aldona; Kowalski, Łukasz
In the mid-1990s, a copper dagger of the Cucuteni-Vădastra type was found in the Lublin-Volhynian culture cemetery at Strzyżów, south-eastern Poland. The dagger was customized as a pendant and deposited in an inhumation burial that contained the remains of an adult male and over ten other grave offerings dating to the 2nd quarter of the 4th millennium BC. This paper presents the results of archaeological and metallographic examinations of the dagger from Strzyżów and relates them to a wider cultural context of the region. The results of our study show that the dagger has no signs of use-wear, and furthermore indicate that the metal used for its production is fahlore copper which could have been sourced from the Slovak Ore Mountains. The two other Cucuteni-Vădastra type daggers that were discovered in the vicinity of Strzyżów mark the Western Volhynian Upland as a distinct cluster of the Cucuteni-Vădastra dagger industry in Europe. Furthermore, the daggers from Poland evidence a close relationship between the Lublin-Volhynian culture and the Cucuteni-Tripillia complex and attest to the intercultural landscape of the Eastern Carpathians region during the Eneolithic
Ceramic “Imports” and Imitation of the Culture of Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr at the Sites of Trypillia–Cucuteni Culture
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Tkačuk, Taras
The article examines the influence of the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr ceramic traditions on the ceramics of the Trypillia–Cucuteni culture. The dynamics of these influences are monitored in the paper, where it was found that there were not many “imports” from the Tiszapolgár culture and their influence on the formation of ceramic complexes of the Trypillia–Cucuteni culture was not significant. The impact of the Bodrogkeresztúr culture on the ceramic complexes of the Šipincì local group of the Trypillia culture was somewhat greater.
Neolithic Flintworking of the Samborzec-Opatów Group in Lesser Poland in the Light of Settlement Materials from Tonie 9 Site, Kraków Commune
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Wąs, Marcin
The article presents flint materials obtained from settlement site of Samborzec-Opatów group from the Tonie 9 site in Lesser Poland. The flintworking of this unit is still poorly recognized. In the literature, special attention has mainly been paid to ceramic materials, especially in studies on the genesis of this group and its relations with other taxonomic units of the Neolithic in Lesser Poland (especially with the Malice culture and later groups of the Lendziel). Therefore, it is worth introducing the specificity of Samborzec-Opatów flintworking, especially since the recently arrived inventory from the Tonie 9 site is quite numerous and relatively homogeneous. Therefore, the main goal is to present materials that can be used for further studies, e.g. those of a comparative nature.
The Lithic Industry of the Kamyane-Zavallia Linearbandkeramik Site in Ukraine (2019 Campaign)
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Kiosak, Dmytro; Dębiec, Maciej; Kolesnychenko, Anzhelika; Saile, Thomas
The paper treats a selection of lithic finds from Kamyane-Zavallia (Kam’âne-Zavallâ) – the easternmost Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK) site ever excavated. The lithic assemblage belongs to typical representatives of the early farming lithic industries in the region. It is characterized by prismatic cores for blade production, end-scrapers on fragmented blades and flakes, retouched blades, perforators, and a blade fragment with “sickle gloss”. There is a single projectile point of unidentifiable morphology. The authors argue that there is no trace of “Mesolithic heritage” in the assemblage of Kamyane-Zavallia. The assemblage finds close parallels in the sites of Nicolaevca V, Dănceni I, and other LBK sites from Moldova and Romania.
Tool Dichotomies in a Period of Inter-epochal Transition – Philosophical and Anthropological Reflections on Post-Neolithic Dual Technology
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Wolski, Damian
The presented publication is the end result of an authorial, post-doctoral research project devoted to the multi-aspect flint tool dichotomy at the turn of the Stone and Metal Ages. The results of use-wear analysis of archaeological materials from south-eastern Poland and the Moravia region of the Czech Republic, obtained by the author over the last decade, have been supplemented in this article with a philosophical component. By visualising the network of connections on the empirical-theory line, the explanatory value of the dichotomous lithic concept was raised. Moreover, the discourse on the period at the turn of the Stone and Metal Ages has been enriched with new interpretative solutions for economic and social issues of that time in prehistory. The author places his philosophical investigations within the hermeneutical approach. After the study of key terms (dichotomy, divergence, convergence), structuralist thought becomes the leading theme at the end of the article. The paper deals with the concepts of such thinkers as: Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, and Claude Lévi-Strauss.

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