European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.22, z. 2 (2024)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/10593

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Unmasking the nature of granulomatosis with polyangiitis – a diagnostic odyssey revealed through a compelling case report
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Sajdak, Piotr; Krużel, Aleksandra; Stodolak, Marcel; Bednarski, Artur; Ziajor, Seweryn; Turski, Mikołaj; Żurowska, Klaudia; Kłos, Kamil; Tomasik, Justyna; Dębik, Marika; Szydłowski, Łukasz
Introduction and aim. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, presents a formidable challenge in the realm of autoimmune diseases. Granulomatosis, characterized by vasculitis and granuloma formation, exhibits diverse clinical manifestations. The rarity of GPA is evident, with an estimated incidence between 0.4 and 11.9 cases per 1 million person-years. The aim of this report is to show the complex diagnostic challenges inherent in GPA, demonstrating the diagnostic process from initial symptoms. Description of the case. This case report unfolds the diagnostic journey of a 52-year-old Caucasian male. The presented case, initially suspected as a respiratory infection, led to a comprehensive investigation owing to persistent symptoms, abnormal blood counts, and elevated inflammatory markers. This narrative aims to depict the patient’s diagnostic journey. Key diagnostic tools include ANCA testing, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy. Pulmonary nodules, lymphangitic changes, and renal involvement culminating in a GPA diagnosis confirmed by positive ANCA and anti-PR3 antibodies. The successful management of this case involved a tailored therapeutic regimen, including cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone, addressing both vasculitic and renal components. Conclusion. This case contributes to the understanding of atypical presentations of GPA, emphasizing the importance of a holistic and dynamic diagnostic approach.
Combined non-surgical and surgical management of misdiagnosed cutaneous sinus tract of endodontic origin – 15 months CBCT follow-up
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Makkar, Sameer; Rohilla, Smriti; Gupta, Sandeep; Negi, Shabnam; Makkar, Monika
Introduction and aim. An extraoral cutaneous sinus tract of endodontic origin represents a skin condition that appears due to an infection that could be primary or secondary to trauma accompanied by alveolar bony changes. It may be easily misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated due to lack of inadequate expertise on part of medical professionals followed by faulty treatment which can complicate the case further. Description of case. This case report intends to highlight a case of a sixteen-year-old male patient referred for an extraoral cutaneous sinus tract misdiagnosed and insufficiently treated by a general physician followed by general dentists for more than a month due to lack of proficiency in the field of endodontics. The clinical and radiographic examinations confirmed the pulpal origin due to trauma related to permanent mandibular incisors. A combination of non-surgical root canal therapy followed by periapical surgery was performed leading to a significant healing of the lesion. Conclusion. Accurate diagnosis is the key to treat draining sinus tracts of endodontic origin. Root canal treatment and endodontic surgery should be used judiciously for effectively eliminating the pathogens thus providing healing and repair mechanisms a chance to achieve the desired result.
Evaluation of primary musculocutaneous Hodgkin’s lymphoma with the aid of 18F FDG PET/CT – a rare entity
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Kakkar, Lavish; Singh, Man Mohan; Deswal, Satyawati; Thakur, Priyamedha Bose
Introduction and aim. Primary musculocutaneous lymphoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. Here, we present a case of refractory primary muscular lymphoma with overlying cutaneous involvement with the aid of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) for staging and treatment. Description of the case. We present the case of a 52-year-old man presented with musculocutaneous Hodgkin’s lymphoma having swelling and discolored areas over the left leg and right arm associated with itchiness. Upon examination, there was scaling, erythema over the body with Gottron’s papules on knuckles and heliotrope rash. Skin and muscle biopsy were suggestive of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This patient was had primary musculocutaneous lymphoma. His diagnosis was delayed. PET/CT was performed for staging and response to treatment, which was suggestive of refractory disease. Conclusion. PET/CT plays a vital role in diagnosis, staging, response to therapy and helps in optimized treatment for these specific patients.
Novaluron and indoxacarb induced methemoglobinemia – unveiling a rare poisoning
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Shaji, Ijas Muhammed; Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan; Radhakrishnan, Rakesh Vadakkethil; Siddique, Ruby Nahan
Introduction and aim. In India, the utilization of agricultural pesticides for intentional self-poisoning is a prevalent method, and it is associated with substantially higher fatality rates compared to other self-poisoning approaches. Plethora, an agricultural insecticide containing novaluron (5.25%) and indoxacarb (4.5%), has recently been introduced and widely used in India and various other regions for its broad-spectrum lepidopteran control. While there have been documented cases of isolated self-poisoning involving indoxacarb, there is currently no literature reporting incidents of human poisoning specifically related to novaluron. Description of the case. An 83-Year-old male was presented to the emergency department (ED) with a history of consumption of 50 mL of an insecticide suspension concentrate called ‘PLETHORA’ to commit suicide. He had one episode of vomiting and dizziness after the ingestion. There was associated cyanosis, and the patient was put on high-flow oxygen at 10 L/min through a face mask. The patient was diagnosed to have methemoglobinemia and was successfully treated with methylene blue and ascorbic acid. One hour post methylene blue injection showed a methemoglobin level of 1%, and the patient gradually improved. Patients presenting with novaluron and indoxacarb poisoning require supportive treatment as there is no specific antidote. There should be a high index of suspicion for methemoglobinemia in such patients, and timely management is necessary to prevent further complications. The patient was successfully managed and discharged after the 3rd day of admission. Conclusion. The management of patients with novaluron and indoxacarb poisoning primarily involves supportive care, as there is currently no specific antidote available for these substances. Maintaining a high suspicion index for the development of methemoglobinemia and timely management of other complications is crucial for the best possible patient outcomes.
An anomalous case report of canine impaction resultant of supernumerary fusion to mandibular incisor
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Marushko, Olesya; Kraiz, Aya; Marushko, Olena; Błochowiak, Katarzyna
Introduction and aim. Anomalies in dental characteristics such as size, shape, number, structure, and eruption are commonly observed in clinical conditions. One such anomaly is the presence of supernumerary teeth found in various regions of the dental arch. Although frequently asymptomatic, supernumerary teeth are routinely identified during radiographic evaluations. Among the most common causes of impacted maxillary incisors is the presence of supernumerary teeth. Description of the case. Herein, we present a rare case of lower left canine impaction subsequent to a supernumerary fusion to the mandibular left incisor in a 10-year-old Caucasian female. Conclusion. This case contributes to the current knowledge regarding supernumerary fused teeth, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and multidisciplinary collaboration in effectively managing such developmental dental irregularities.
From diagnosis to recovery – a detailed case report on a nail bed glomus tumor
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Shaafie, Harris I.
Introduction and aim. Glomus tumors represent benign neoplastic proliferations of the glomus body, an integral thermoregulatory component within the cutaneous microvasculature. Although they can manifest at various anatomical sites, they are predominantly observed in the subungual region. The tumors present as painful, firm, purplish, solitary nodules of the extremities, especially in the nail bed. They may be solitary or multiple; solitary lesions are encapsulated and most commonly subungual, while multiple tumors are unencapsulated and rarely subungual. Description of the case. Here, we present a case of multiple glomus tumors of the right hand in an 18-year-old female who presented with complaints of painful bluish discoloration of the right little finger for six years and progressive asymptomatic nodules on the right index finger for six months. A clinical examination revealed acute tenderness in both fingers. Love’s pin test and Hildreth’s test were positive. Excision of all lesions was done and sent for histopathology, which confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was symptom-free immediately following surgery. No nail deformities were noticed, and there was no recurrence of symptoms after one year of follow-up. Conclusion. The transungual approach is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of symptomatic nail bed glomus tumors. It offers high success rates, promising cosmetic outcomes, and minimal complications. However, careful patient selection and meticulous surgical technique are essential to avoid potential nail deformities.
A sight into the pathogenesis and treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Krzemienowska-Cebulla, Aleksandra; Puziewicz-Krzemienowska, Małgorzata; Dorochowicz, Mateusz; Matus, Iwona
Introduction and aim. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), often referred to as thyroid eye disease or Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is a syndrome characterized by autoimmune inflammation affecting the eye muscles, connective tissue, and orbital fat. The aim of this literature review is to present TAO and integrate the available data in the literature regarding the pathogenesis and treatment methods. Based on these, the authors aim to examine whether, despite the extensive knowledge already available on TAO, there are still issues to be investigated. Material and methods. In this literature review, books and scientific publications in both Polish and English languages have been assessed. The search criteria included keywords such as TAO, Graves’ disease, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. The evaluation covered the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Analysis of the literature. Typically, the eyeball is not involved, but in exceptional cases, corneal ulceration may occur, or inflammation of the optic nerve may ensue. TAO most commonly occurs in the course of hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease, involving up to 25–50% of cases. The coexistence of autoantigens shared between the thyroid and orbital tissues is considered the primary cause of TAO when it occurs concurrently with hyperthyroidism, later in its course, or even preceding the manifestation of hyperthyroidism, with or without concurrent thyroid dysfunction. TAO is generally bilateral, although dominance on one side is often observed. Common symptoms include eye pain, photophobia, diplopia, varying degrees of proptosis, and impaired vision. The cornerstone of treatment lies in managing hyperthyroidism, as TAO cannot be cured without it. Conclusion. First-line treatment involves glucocorticoids, with radiation therapy as a supplementary option, and in cases unresponsive to pharmacological treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary.
An overview of incidence and mechanisms promoting weight gain as an adverse effect of oral minoxidil therapy for androgenetic alopecia
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Ciulkiewicz, Łukasz; Pełka, Maciej; Fijałkowska, Justyna; Kania, Anna
Introduction and aim. Androgenetic alopecia, with a mechanism based on the excessive response of hair follicles to androgens, affects a majority of people at some point in their lives, prompting them to seek therapy. Current treatment options for this condition include oral minoxidil, a medication associated with an adverse effect of fluid retention, potentially resulting in weight gain for certain individuals. In contemporary scientific literature, there aren’t many articles focusing solely on this specific side effect. The objective of this review is to explore links between taking oral minoxidil and fluid retention leading to weight gain in patients with androgenetic alopecia by examining available studies in order to understand the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and the dose dependence of fluid retention. Material and methods. A review of the literature was performed to find connections between oral minoxidil therapy and water retention-induced weight gain. Analysis of the literature. Clinical trials have demonstrated that low dose oral minoxidil therapy, within the range of 0.5 to 5 mg daily, leads to an improvement in both hair count and density. The incidence of side effects such as hypertrichosis, fluid retention, headache, dizziness, and insomnia, is relatively infrequent. Fluid retention rates varied between 0.22% in the Tanaka study and 10% of patients in the Panchaprateep study. The discontinuation of treatment was necessary in some instances, with the highest rate of 2.4% cases in the Jimenez-Cauhe study. A comparative analysis of studies on oral minoxidil use for refractory hypertension, within the range of 10 to 40 mg daily, revealed that nearly all patients required adding a diuretic to control fluid retention. Some patients discontinued the treatment due to the severity of side effects. In instances of minoxidil overdose, serious complications, including generalized edema, myocardial infarction, stroke, and pleural effusion, were observed. Across these studies, all patients recovered following the discontinuation of minoxidil treatment. The underlying mechanism behind oral minoxidil induced sodium and fluid retention, contributing to weight gain, is associated with alterations in the neurohumoral system, increased plasma renin activity, changes in renal hemodynamics with relocation of the blood circulation from outer to inner cortex, and tubular effect that can be connected to minoxidil ability to act as an opener of potassium channels in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle causing greater reabsorption of sodium and chloride. Conclusion. The frequency and severity of water retention promoting weight gain in individuals taking oral minoxidil are dose dependent. In most patients, minoxidil is a safe and effective treatment option for androgenetic alopecia. In some cases, due to rapid weight gain of 5 pounds or more, adding a diuretic or discontinuation may be required. Further research is necessary to better understand the mechanisms and dose dependence of minoxidil induced fluid retention, which promotes weight gain.
Genetic factors contributing to the development of inguinal hernias – a narrative review
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Kalali, Datis
Introduction and aim. Inguinal hernias are one of the major disorders in the field of general and visceral surgery and can be viewed as multifactorial diseases. Although the molecular mechanism that led to predistortion to inguinal herniation still remain unclear, is well known that defects leading to improper closure of the inguinal canal during fetal development and mechanisms contributing to weaker muscles of the abdominal wall can greatly increase the risk of developing the latter disease. Material and methods. A literature search was performed in all major electronic databases using keywords and Boolean operators to retrieve all available literature related to the topic. Due to the narrative nature of the review, there were no specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis of the literature. Genetic factors, undoubtedly, can interfere with these mechanisms and therefore play major role in developing hernias. To this end, the present narrative review provides an overview of genes with altered expression and genetic polymorphisms associated with inguinal herniation. Moreover, the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) exploring susceptible genetic loci associated with the disease have been reported. Conclusion. Nevertheless, more case-control studies and GWAS need to be conducted in different ethnic populations so as to provide better insights into the topic.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the development of oxidativenitrosative stress in salivary glands and soft periodontal tissues of rats under conditions of water avoidance stress
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Pletnov, Vadym; Tkachenko, Olexiy; Akimov, Oleh; Mykytenko, Andrii
Introduction and aim. Violation in the salivary glands will inevitably cause changes in periodontium, and periodontitis can disrupt the functioning of the salivary glands. The purpose of the work is to evaluate changes in NO-synthase and arginase activities, pro- and antioxidant balance in rat salivary glands and soft periodontal tissues during administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and water avoidance stress (WAS) modeling. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 24 rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, WAS, animals injected intraperitoneally with 0.4 μg/kg of bacterial LPS of Salmonella typhi, WAS+LPS. Results. Water avoidance stress led to decrease of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) activity in salivary glands by 1.63 times, but decreased arginase activity by 1.15 times, superoxide production increased by 1.53 times, catalase activity decreased by 1.2 times, and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) increased by 1.19 times compared to the control. Lipopolysaccharide led to increase of constitutive NO-synthases (cNOS) activity in salivary glands by 1.48 times, but decreased arginase activity by 6.15 times, catalase activity increased by 2.6 times and superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 2.74 times, and MDA increased by 6.84 times compared to the control. Water avoidance stress + LPS in salivary glands led to decrease of cNOS and arginase activity by 1.09 and 1.19 times, respectively, superoxide production increased by 1.88 times, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 1.06 times and 1.34 times, respectively, and MDA increased by 2.44 times compared to the control. Water avoidance stress led to increase of iNOS activity in periodontium by 1.44 times and arginase activity decreased by 1.37 times, superoxide production increased 1.32 times, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activities decreased by 1.27 times and by 1.53 times, respectively, and MDA increased by 1.31 times compared to the control. Lipopolysaccharide led to increase of iNOS activity in the periodontium by 3.88 times, arginase activity decreased by 2.69 times, superoxide production increased 1.64 times, catalase activity increased by 4.32 times, and MDA increased by 4.51 times compared to the control. Water avoidance stress + LPS in periodontium led to increase of iNOS and cNOS activities by 1.95 times and 1.53, respectively, arginase activity decreased by 1.39 times, superoxide production increased 1.66 times, catalase activity increased by 1.11 times, and MDA increased by 1.53 times compared to the control. Conclusion. The combination of LPS and WAS leads to changes in NO production and oxidative stress in salivary glands and the periodontium.
Brazilians living with diabetes do not meet basic physical activity guidelines for health – a cross-sectional study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) de Lima, Dartel Ferrari; Lima, Lohran Anguera; de Souza, Dayane Cristina; Sampaio, Adelar Aparecido; Machado, Daiana
Introduction and aim. The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of physical activity (PA) of Brazilian adults living with diabetes mellitus living in large Brazilian urban centers, as well as to determine whether the practice aligns with the physical activity guidelines recommended for people with diabetes. Material and methods. Cross-sectional data were acquired from the 2020 Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, in which about 54,000 persons aged 18 and older in all Brazilian state capitals were contacted in a telephone survey. Participants reported on their engagement in recreational physical activity and active commuting to school and/or work in the three months preceding the interview, as well as the weekly frequency and duration of these activities. They also stated whether they were living with diabetes. A descriptive analysis was performed, and statistical significance was determined using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results. In 2020, 7.9% of the population identified themselves living with diabetes. There was a greater frequency among older women and those with less education. Walking, water aerobics, and general gymnastics were the most common kinds of physical activity reported by people with diabetes. Moreover, over half of them (54.5%) were inactive, and 15% matched the physical activity criteria. The majority (90%) practiced PA for 30 minutes or more per day, while 87% of those who were active and exercised 1 to 2 times per week did not meet the requirements of the Ministry of Health. Conclusion. In 2020, 7.9% of the population identified themselves as having diabetes. There was a higher frequency among older women and those with less schooling. In the sample as a whole, approximately 70% of people living with diabetes were inactive (54.5%) or did not meet the minimum BP recommendations for people with diabetes. The duration of each session seemed to be in line with the recommendations, however, the lack of regularity caused by the low weekly frequency meant that the minimum recommended target could not be achieved. Efforts involving the continued monitoring of people living with diabetes and counseling in Primary Health Care to opt for a more physically active life, seem to be promising acts for a healthier life, pending a definitive resolution to the disease.
Knowledge of esophageal cancer and preventive behaviors among nursing students – a cross-sectional study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Cevik, Ayfer Bayindir; Andsoy, Işıl Işık; Yıldız, Hicran
Introduction and aim. There is a gap in nursing student understanding, knowledge, and preventive behaviors concerning esophageal cancer. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, risk factors, and preventive behaviors among Turkish nursing students. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed. The questionnaire was conducted online over a four-month period. A convenience sample of 688 undergraduate nursing students was recruited from health science faculty at three universities in Türkiye. The survey was performed using a self-administered questionnaire. The reliability coefficients of the knowledge test were calculated, yielding Cronbach’s alpha (0.952), KR-20 (0.952), and KR-21 (0.945), respectively. A significance level p<0.05 was accepted. Results. The mean age of the study group was 20±1.86 (min: 17, max: 32). The study group consists of 487 women (70.8%) and 201 men (29.2%). Most of the study population report never using alcohol and smoking (88.4%, 73.1%, respectively), and reported paying attention to oral hygiene (88.5%). Nursing students had a low family history of EC (0.4%), obesity (10.2%), and vitamin deficiency (19.2%) which are risk factors. Knowledge of esophageal cancer risks was low (x̄=14.34±9.53; Min=0; Max=31). Total knowledge scores have higher for students with complaints of EC, vitamin deficiency, and diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus disease (p<0.05). Conclusion. This study showed that there are significant gaps in the knowledge of nursing students and these need to be addressed through an improved nursing curriculum. In this context, the study can be used as important evidence and a resource in the issues that should be given priority to in the training and research needed to increase the knowledge and awareness of future nurses about esophageal cancer.
Synthesis, characterization of isoxazole derivatives and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Vashisht, Ketan; Sethi, Pooja; Bansal, Anshul; Singh, Tejveer; Kumar, Raman; Tuli, Hardeep Singh; Saini, Shallu
Introduction and aim. The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen is profoundly intriguing due to their mechanistic implications in both research and development within organic chemistry and drug discovery. The primary aim of this study is to fabricate a range of pharmacologically active drugs containing the isoxazole moiety. Material and methods. The synthesis of new derivatives of isoxazole was achieved through a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-[(Substituted phenyl)hydrazono]malononitrile (1) and 3-[(Substituted phenyl)azo]-2,4-Pentanedione (2) with sodium acetate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1:1) in ethanol. All the compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity, in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity. The synthesized compounds underwent characterization through FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses, supported by mass spectral data and elemental analysis. Results. A set of novel isoxazole derivatives was synthesized with a favorable yield. Among compounds 1d, 1e, 2c, 2d, and 2e exhibited notable antioxidant activities. Compounds 1a, 1b, and 1c demonstrated significant anticancer potential against prostate cancer [PC3] cell lines compared to normal HEK cell lines, while 2a displayed the highest inhibitory zone against Escherichia coli. Conclusion. Novel compounds with multifaceted biological activities have been successfully designed, and a synthetic route to create isoxazole derivatives has been devised and verified.
A study of etiological spectrum in 106 cases of pancytopenia
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Singhal, Parul; Mittal, Adreena; Dixit, Ritvija
Introduction and aim. Pancytopenia is the simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The aim of this work was to study the etiological spectrum of pancytopenia in the National capital region of India, and evaluate the relationship of pancytopenia with serum vitamin B12 levels. Material and methods. This study is of a prospective and analytical type conducted on patients attending the outpatient and inpatient department of Santosh Medical College and the Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences tertiary care centers in NCR. Complete blood counts and peripheral blood smear examination was used for morphological classification and typing of anemia. Bone marrow aspiration and vitamin B12 estimation was performed where required. Results. The maximum number of pancytopenia cases were etiologically attributed to megaloblastic anemia (64.2%) followed by aplastic anemia (19.8%). Malaria was attributed to 6.6% cases of pancytopenia. Iron deficiency anemia and tuberculosis both accounted for 1.9% of cases. each. A history of drug intake and mixed nutritional anemia each contributed to 2.8% of cases. Serum vitamin B12 levels showed a significant relationship with pancytopenic cases. Conclusion. In our study, the main cause of pancytopenia is megaloblastic anemia which responds very well to treatment if diagnosed correctly in time. A detailed hematological assessment along with vitamin B12 levels should be evaluated in all cases of pancytopenia irrespective of the etiological categorization.
The relationship between psychological well-being with levels of anxiety, COVID-19 fear and depression in individuals hospitalized with COVID-19
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Düzgün, Nurcan; Çoban, Sibel Arguvanli; Kaya, Özlem Bolat
Introduction and aim. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected both the physical and mental health of societies. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between psychological well-being with levels of anxiety, COVID-19 fear, and depression in individuals hospitalized with COVID-19. Material and methods. This descriptive correlative study was conducted with 685 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in the clinics of a pandemic hospital. The data of the study were collected with the information form, psychological well-being scale (PWBS), COVID-19 fear scale (FCV-19S), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Results. The mean PWBS score of the participants was 37.21±14.3, the FCV-19S score was 20.10±10.41, the HADS-anxiety score was 9.07±7.29, and the depression score was 10.74±7.35. The PWBS scores with FCV-19S scores of the participants, HADS-anxiety, and HADS-depression scores were found to be negatively correlated (p<0.001). Conclusion. In conclusion, as the anxiety, fear, and depression levels experienced by individuals receiving inpatient treatment in a pandemic hospital due to COVID-19 increase, their psychological well-being levels decrease at a statistically significant level. It may be recommended to intervene in the anxiety, fear, and depressive symptoms of individuals receiving inpatient treatment due to a diagnosis of COVID-19 to increase their psychological well-being.
Gifted children and their peers perceived parental attitudes, psychosocial problems and quality of life
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Yildiz, Sümeyye; Altay, Naime
Introduction and aim. Gifted children are defined as extraordinary children due to their high level of intelligence and specific skills. This study aimed to examine gifted children and their peers perceived parental attitudes, quality of life (QoL), and psychosocial problems. Material and methods. The study sample consisted of two groups: (1) gifted children (study group) and their parents and (2) peers (control group) and their parents. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form, the parental attitude scale (PAS), the pictorial pediatric symptom checklist (PPSC) and the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL). Results. Both groups were similar in terms of age, gender and grade level. It was mostly the mothers who completed the data collection forms. The study and control groups had a mean PAS score of 94.18±0.738 and 99.31±0.798, respectively and a mean PPSC score of 16.11±0.475 and 16.76±0.480, respectively. The study and control groups had a mean QLS score of 83.19±0.70 and 80.28±0.83, respectively. There was a weak positive correlation between the PAS and PPSC scores (r=0.92; p<0.166). Conclusion. It is recommended that parental attitudes and their effects on children’s psychosocial status and QoL be monitored and that parents be supported. Parental attitudes and a child’s psychosocial and behavioral problems and QoL levels should be assessed to by health professionals be able to improve the well-being of both children and their parents.
ChatGPT in hospital infection prevention and control – assessing knowledge of an AI model based on a validated questionnaire
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Jawanpuria, Ankita; Behera, Aruna Rani; Dash, Chinmaya; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
Introduction and aim. An AI model like ChatGPT is a good source of knowledge. We can explore the potential of AI models to complement the expertise of healthcare professionals by providing real-time, evidence-based information in infection prevention and control (IPC). Material and methods. This study involved 110 queries related to IPC, validated by subject experts in IPC. The responses from ChatGPT were evaluated using Bloom’s taxonomy by experienced microbiologists. The scores were divided as 4 as a good response. Statistical analysis was done by correlation coefficient and Cohen’s Kappa. Results. The overall score was 4.33 (95% CI, q1 3.65–q3 4.64) indicating ChatGPT’s substantial IPC knowledge. A good response (i.e.>4 score) was found in 70 (63.6%) questions, while in 10 (9%) questions, it showed a poor response. The poor response was seen in needle stick injury and personal protective equipment (PPE) doffing-related questions. The overall correlations were found to be significant. Cohen’s Kappa confirmed moderate to substantial agreement between evaluators. Conclusion. ChatGPT demonstrated a commendable understanding of IPC principles in various domains and the study identifies specific instances where the model may require further refinement especially in critical scenarios such as needlestick injuries and PPE doffing.
The effect of thiocetam on the parameters of the nitric oxide system under the conditions of the experimental periodontitis and immobilization stress formation
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Regeda, Mykhailo; Olekshij, Petro; Regeda-Furdychko, Maaryana; Furdychko, Lubomur; Kolishetska, Marta; Regeda, Stepan; Fil, Vitalii
Introduction and aim. The aim of this work is to study the parameters of the nitric oxide (NO) system in the blood of guinea pigs under the conditions of the experimental periodontitis (EP) and immobilization stress (IS) formation and to evaluate the effectiveness of thiocetam use. Material and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 50 guinea pigs (males, body weight 0.18–0.21 kg) which were divided into five groups (10 in each): the first group were intact animals as control; the second experimental group were animals with experimental periodontitis under conditions of immobilization stress (3rd day), the third group included guinea pigs with EP and IS on the 5th day of the combined model process, group IV – animals with EP and IS 15th day (without administration of thiocetam) and group V – animals on the 15th day of experiment with EP and IS after use of thiocetam. Results. As a result of this research, changes in the activity of the NO system in the blood were observed, namely an increase in the level of stable metabolites and an increase in the activity of total NO-synthase, which is accompanied by a compensatory inhibition of the L-arginine activity, and these indicators were most pronounced in the late stages of EP and IS formation. Conclusion. The use of thiocetam showed a corrective effect on the changed variables of NO metabolism in the peripheral blood of guinea pigs under the conditions of the EP and IS development.
Comparative study of pterygium excision with suture and sutureless conjunctival autograft
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Khandelwal, Richa; Tigga, Mary Jenifa; Metri, Rajashekar; Deshpande, Anand; Tarun
Introduction and aim. This is a prospective interventional study to compare corneal astigmatism before and after pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft, to determine the difference in mean corneal curvatures before and after pterygium excision, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous blood technique, and sutured conjunctival autograft for primary pterygium. Material and methods. Patients were divided into group A – pterygium excision+sutured conjunctival limbal autograft and group B – pterygium excision+autologous conjunctival limbal autograft under local anesthesia. The preoperative and post operative K1 and K2 values and BCVA were noted. Results. There was statistically significant reduction in mean astigmatism at each post operative follow up in group A at 1 week (p=0.0249), 2 weeks (p=0.004), 1 month (p=0.0031) and at 3 months (p=0.0009) and similarly in group B post operative follow up at 1 week (p=0.0011), 2 weeks (p=0.0021), 1 month (p=0.0009) and at 3 months (p=0.0003). Conclusion. Pterygium surgery decreases the cylindrical error and reverts corneal curvatures to normal, thus improving subjective visual acuity. Astigmatism produced by the pterygium is reduced after surgery We found autologous conjunctival autograft is superior than sutural conjunctival autograft. Pterygium causes astigmatism depending upon the size of pterygium it should be surgically removed to prevent obstruction in the vision.
Prognostic significance of C-reactive protein/albumin and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios in patients with COVID-19
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-06) Polat, Hatice Beyazal; Arpa, Medeni; Polat, Zehra; Beyazal, Mehmet; Çelike, Fatma Beyazal; Ayaz, Teslime; Ertürk, Ayşe
Introduction and aim. COVID-19 causes an uncontrolled and generalized inflammatory response of the host immune system. Early recognition of the disease and early prediction of the clinical course are of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive role of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for mortality in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19. Material and methods. The patients, who were hospitalized for COVID-19 and whose CRP, albumin, neutrophil, and lymphocyte levels were documented within the first 24 hours after admission, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors; the groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were developed to evaluate the CAR and the NLR as risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. Results. One hundred and thirty patients were included in this study. The mean age of the survivor group (n=114) was 60±16 and 52% were male. The mean age of the non-survivor group (n=16) was 75±13 and 56% were male. In the non-survivor group, the CAR detected at the time of admission to the hospital was significantly higher compared to patients in the survivor group (p=0.026). Conclusion. As a result, the CAR, the NLR and LDH are independent risk factor indicators of mortality in hospitalized patients

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