Artykuły (KNH) / Articles (CoH)

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Wierzawice, st. 31 – nowy ślad osadnictwa magdaleńskiego w Polsce południowo-wschodniej
(Instytut Archeologii UR, 2010) Bobak, Dariusz; Łanczont, Maria; Nowak, Adam; Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta
In the article there are presented the latest results (2009–2010) of the research of the archaeological site No. 31 in Wierzawice. It was possible to identify there the remains of the hunting camp of the population of the Magdalenian culture, referred to the period of the warm Allerod oscillation (14th thousand. BC; one of latest Magdalenian sites in Central Europe!), indicated by the radiocarbon dating. It was discovered over 2600 flint artifacts deposited on a very small area (about 8 m2)(i.e. microtiths, burins, cores. flakes, blades and chips).
Nowy ślad osadnictwa środkowopaleolitycznego na Podkarpaciu
(Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2009) Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta; Bobak, Dariusz; Janicki, Rafał
Ślady osadnictwa z epoki kamienia w Jegłowej, gm. Przeworno
(1996) Bobak, Dariusz
Badania mezolitycznego stanowiska Jegłowa 2, gm. Przeworno
(1997) Bobak, Dariusz
New chronological data for Weichselian sites from Poland and their implications for Palaeolithic
(Elsevier, 2013) Bobak, Dariusz; Płonka, Tomasz; Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta; Wiśniewski, Andrzej
The goal of this paper is to present the new records on chronology and settlement dynamics in the area situated north of the Carpathians and Sudeten between MIS-3 and GI-1. The focus is on records representing Middle Palaeolithic and so-called transitional industries (Early Upper Palaeolithic), as well late Upper Palaeolithic. Studies are based on longer series of numerical data obtained during recent field work and an examination of old museum collections. These attempts differ from the previous approaches in which the main attention was put on the comparison of stratigraphical and archaeological data, rarely relating to the chronometric records. In the beginning of MIS-3, no settlement hiatus took place in this area. It appears that the classic late Middle Palaeolithic industries had no direct influence on the appearance of the transitional industries and that in the same period different industries could co-exist. There are no convincing arguments indicating a connection between the youngest transitional units and the Upper Palaeolithic industries. Studies on settlement dynamics during the last glaciation maximum (ca. 19,000–17,000 BP) have led to the acceptance of the previous concept emphasizing its unstable character. The sites with more numerous artefacts connected with the Magdalenian tradition and the Epigravettian come from the end of that period. The beginning of Magdalenian settlement on Polish territory took place at the turn of GS-2c and GS-2b, ca. 18,500–17,500 BP. More numerous Magdalenian camps started to appear in GS-2a, ca. 16,500–14,500 BP. The late dates of Magdalenian camps (GI-1c-1a) may be caused by the contamination of the samples, but it cannot be also excluded that the Magdalenian style of life survived in some southern regions of Poland until the Allerød.
New information from Maszycka Cave and the Late Glacial recolonisation of Central Europe
(Elsevier, 2012) Kozłowski, Stefan Karol; Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta; Bobak, Dariusz; Terberger, Thomas
Maszycka cave is one of the most important Magdalenian sites in Central Europe. The assemblage is characterized by a considerable number of organic tools including points, navettes and a decorated perforated antler. The cave was related to the middle Magdalenian of western Europe and identified as one of the earliest Magdalenian sites of Central Europe. A series of four AMS-dates now assigns the site more precisely to the period 16,350 to 16,100 calBC (c. 15.000 BP). No other reliably dated Magdalenian sites of this early period of recolonisation of southern Central Europe are known and its clearest parallels to the west are the Grotte Grappin at Arlay in western France and perhaps the open air site Munzingen in southwestern Germany. After the first short episode of recolonisation, a more permanent Magdalenian expansion into Central Europe started hundreds of years later with sites such as Kesslerloch in northern Switzerland.
Stanowisko kultury pucharów lejowatych Samborowiczki 5, gm. Przeworno
(1997) Bobak, Dariusz; Bronowicki, Jarosław
Jegłowa, pow. Strzelin
(2001) Bobak, Dariusz; Bronowicki, Jarosław
Badania eksperymentalne wpływu wysokiej temperatury na stan zachowania surowców krzemiennych
(2008) Bobak, Dariusz; Kufel, Bernadeta; Lisowska, Ewa; Mikołajczyk, Anna
Flint artifacts are the most com mon finds on the archaeological sites from Early and Middle Stone Age. Considerable part of assemblages often bear traces resulted from high temperature in- fluence. These traces are usually cursorily described, because in the literature there are no complex studies cOl1Cerning heated flint materia!. 111e aim of our experimental studies, carried out in the llatural as well as in the controlled conditions, was to distinguish the features ofheated flint, that are characteristic for four kinds of Polish flint: cretaceous, Jurassie, chocolate and Świeciechów flint and to find the relationships between an appearance of those fcatures, a height of a temperature and time of heating. We believe that the results of our research can be used in the spatial analysis of arehaeological sites.
Archaeology in a town, a town in archaeology. Selected issues of archaeological research of historical towns
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Rozwałka, Andrzej
In the introductory article of a volume that presents archaeological and other disciplinary research into a historical town, selected issues are discussed in the framework of the complicated research process required to understand the past of historical towns. This new field of science is facing many methodological and organizational problems. The main theme of this article is that the further development of archaeological explorations of the town requires the definition of terminology, holistic research methods (most of all stratigraphy) and an acceptance of an interdisciplinary canon. Historical archaeology dealing with towns has transformed itself into a specific field of archaeology that uses familiar excavation techniques, but differs from prehistoric archaeology by drawing on sources from other fields like history, town-planning, architecture, cultural anthropology and with its own descriptive language of past times.
Some remarks on early medieval churches in Kraków
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Pianowski, Zbigniew
The research of the oldest churches belonging to Kraków agglomeration have been continuously conducted since the second half of the 19th century. In Kraków there have been about thirty churches including the sacral building from the 11th–13th century. Most of them were recognized during the archaeological and architectural research and the others are known from the written sources. The main discoveries include three pre-Romanesque rotundas in the area of a burg city of Kraków, and a St. Benedykt’s rotunda on the Lasota Hill. Further research provide more information regarding the process of using secondary material. The development in the research field makes it possible to change the knowledge about the function of some buildings e.g a semicircular wall from over the Smocza Jama (earlier an apse of the church, now a circular fortifying tower). In literature we can find a number of reconstructions of early medieval sacral buildings with relics in some of them and the remained ones are only theoretical ideas. A few temples are still undiscovered and unrecognized, and some are waiting for its architectural structure to be verified. There could be an attempt of reconstructing a Romanesque Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec and a part of bishop’s residence or cathedral’s capitol in Wawel. The main task for the future is to recognize a settlement background of the churches in Okół and its area.
Die Grössen der die urgeschichtlichen Gräberfelder nutzenden Bevölkerungsgruppen (am Beispiel der Tarnobrzeg-Lausitzer Kultur),
(Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN Oddział w Krakowie, 2010) Czopek, Sylwester
In the first part of the article author critically evaluated methods used in estimation of functioning time of praehistoric cemeteries. As examples served cemeteries of Tarnobrzeg Group of Lusatian Culture Circle. In the second part of the article the analysis of detailed archaeological and anthropolological data according to spatial distribution of graves was shown. In a consequence of this a time of functioning of separate groups of graves on various cemeteries was estimated as well as the time of usage of the whole cemeteries.
Kilka uwag o archeologii funeralnej w Polsce
(Instytut Archeologii UR, 2012) Czopek, Sylwester
Artykuł traktuje o tzw. archeologii funeralnej. Pod tym pojęciem należy rozumieć tę część archeologii, która zajmuje się badaniem i interpretacją grobów oraz cmentarzysk. Autor dokonuje krótkiego przeglądu traktowania tego typu źródeł w polskiej archeologii. Następnie zwraca uwagę na interdyscyplinarny charakter tej subdyscypliny – archeologii funeralnej (antropologia, etnologia, religioznawstwo, historia). Zaawansowanie badań poszukujących w źródłach archeologicznych uniwersalnych treści interpretacyjnych może prowadzić do wydzielenia nowej dyscypliny – „funerologii”.
The Piliny Culture in Polish territories – comments
(Archeologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied, Nitra, 2012) Czopek, Sylwester
Nowe znaleziska „scyto-trackiej” ceramiki toczonej z wczesnej epoki żelaza na terenie południowo-wschodniej Polski
(Instytut Archeologii UJ Kraków, 2012) Czopek, Sylwester
W artykule omawiane są nowe znaleziska ceramiki wykonanej na kole, tzw. scyto-trackiej (trackiej siwej), pochodzące z Polski pd.-wsch. Zostały one odkryte w trakcie prowadzonych w ostatnich latach prac wykopaliskowych, realizowanych jako badania ratowniczeprzed rozpoczęciem dużych zadań inwestycyjnych (autostrada A4, obwodnica Jarosławia). Informacje o tych 6 nowych stanowiskach uzupełniają znane do tej pory materiały, które tworzą już dość wyraźną grupę z terenu Polski pd.-wsch. (łącznie 20 stanowisk). Pojawiają się one tutaj w kontekście materiałów tarnobrzeskiej kultury łużyckiej, kultury pomorskiej i zespołów typu Niepla oraz Zabrzeż-Podegrodzie. Zamykają od pn. przykarpacką strefę z ceramiką wykonaną na kole, wraz z kulturą Vekerzug na pd. i grupą zachodniopodolską na pd.-wsch.
Zwischen der Chronologie und Funktion. Horizont (?) der Gräber mit Glasperlen auf den Gräberfeldern der späten Phase der Tarnobrzeg — Lausitzer Kultur
(Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, 2011) Czopek, Sylwester
Author considers chronology and social interpretation of graves with glass beads on cemeteries of the late phase of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture in south-eastern Poland. He recognizes them as a ritualized reflection of higher social status heritage among some mothers and daughters. Probably it functioned only during a short piece of time at the end of Hallstatt Period and/or at the beginning of La Tène Period of the Iron Age.
Prehistoric cultures of warriors or warriors of prehistoric cultures?
(Idōkan Poland Association, 2013) Czopek, Sylwester
The article primarily aims at answering the question about the presence of warriors in prehistoric cultures of Central Europe. The author studies this issue on the basis of archaeological sources (material evidence of the existence of the cultures). He also uses written sources from the late antiquity. He concludes that prehistoric weapons are of crucial importance and their interpretation depends mainly on the contexts they are found in. What is also significant is the quality and quantity of particular types of armament. There are many arguments in support of the thesis concerning prevalence of symbols and meanings of e.g. the sword. In a synthetic sense, we can talk about two basic models: presence of a culture of warriors (referring mostly to the nomads) or just knowledge of war craft (referring to settled, farming communities).
Aus den Forschungen über die Trzciniec-Kultur in der Rzeszów-Umgebung
(Instytut Archeologii UR, 2008) Czopek, Sylwester
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING OF THE LATE BRONZE AND EARLY IRON AGE POTTERY ON SITES IN KŁYŻÓW AND JAROSŁAW (SE POLAND)
(Springer, 2013) Czopek, Sylwester; Kusiak, Jarosław; Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna
The absolute chronology of Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Polish territories is a result of long-term and complex research. Here, we have investigated the absolute dating of two sites, namely Kłyżów, a cemetery of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture, and Jarosław, a settlement spanning from the late phase of the former to Pomeranian culture, possibly with Jastorf elements. Having been spurred by promising results of thermoluminescence (TL) dating of medieval and Przeworsk materi-als, we have employed it in those situations, where no other chronometric methods seem to be effi-cient. TL dating has been combined with typological analysis of the dated pottery and, partially, with radiocarbon method. Albeit the produced TL dates do not represent the level of sought-for fine chron-ological resolution, they indicate the temporal trends and corroborate the typological research. Our study has shown the potential of TL dating for periods with plateaus on 14C calibration curve. We also have dealt with unexpected TL ages and suggested some solutions of the problem. Finally, we have demonstrated that the condition sine qua non for archaeological interpretation of TL dates is a thor-ough stylistic-chronological analysis of dated pottery and clear understanding of relations between chronometric dates and the archaeological event to be dated.
Bemerkungen zur pommerschen Kultur in Südostpolen
(IAiE PAN, 2013) Czopek, Sylwester
In the article the author aims at verifying the previous studies concerning the presence of the Pomeranian Culture in the south-east Poland. He bases his study on new sources and results of scientific datings. The new materials indicate that the Pomeranian Culture was more significant in the south-east Poland that it was previously estimated. The obtained chronological data enables us to assign the Pomeranian Culture materials to the period between HaD3 (HaD3/LtA ?) and LtC, i.e. from the end of the 4th to the mid-3th century BC. Some data suggests considerable degree of microregional diversity of the settlement. What is important, however, is the presence of permanently utilized settlements. Succession is characteristic for many of them: the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture from the Early Iron Age was followed by the Pomeranian Culture.

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