Tematy i Konteksty 7(12) 2017

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/3232

Pogranicza jako przestrzenie... konfliktów: zło konieczne?

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Pogranicza jako przestrzenie… konfliktów: zło konieczne?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Stanisz, Marek; Uliasz, Stanisław
Presented article is an introduction to the discussion devoted to literary representations of borderland conflicts. Borderland understood as an imagined sphere of confrontation between various interests and social groups is presented in literature not only as space of peaceful coexistence of diverse communities and varieties but also as the domain of conflict and confrontation of social groups and individuals. It seems that so far the images of borderland conflicts have not been sufficiently reflected in literature studies. This article is an attempt to systematize detailed issues connected with these problems.
Konflikt z perspektywy erystyki i eutoryki
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Korwin-Piotrowska, Dorota
The article analyzes conflict as a phenomenon connected with persuasion – close to disputes or quarrels, yet not identical with them. The background for the considerations encompasses works from various fields: sociology, linguistics, philosophy, and psychology, but rhetoric remains in the very center. The author characterizes its part dealing with absolute winning in disputes, i.e. eristic, and it presents a counterbalance to it and to the agonistic attitude. This complement is eutoric (author’s own term) as a branch of rhetoric which concentrates on positive communication based on mutual listening, empathy and a constructive dialogue, which favors prevention of conflicts, or possibly resolving them. Eutoric has its source in philosophy of dialogue, pragmalinguistics, psychology of persuasion, as well as in the theory and practice connected with mediations and negotiations.
Teatralizacja: pogranicze życia i teatru
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Braun, Kazimierz
“Theatricality” is a term describing the use of theatrical means of expression in various domains of life. It is an added, spectacular, visual, performative, and dramatic element of different social events and activities. Theatricality it is an area where two entities—life and art—meet, which results either in conflict or in unification. Life transforms into theatre and theatre transforms into life. Theatricality is, thus, a transient region between life and art. Consequently, it is a model example of a border zone. From centuries theatricality was used as a means in the process of interhuman communication. It served to amplify and facilitate interhuman communication and gave it a specific meaning. Theatricality was also employed as a powerful instrument of manipulating and falsifying messages. In contemporary theatre artistic creation is the primary goal and aesthetics takes primacy over all other objectives and values motivating and permeating theatre work. In theatricality the reasons and goals of using theatrical and theatre-like means of expression are practical—such as, for example, religious, social, political, or commercial. Theatre aspires (not always successfully) to situating its works in the realm of art, on the universal and transhistorical level, while theatricality is practically oriented.
Kontakt i konflikt: polsko-żydowska contact zone
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia
This article suggests using the category of contact zone taken from the postcolonial studies in the research on borderland, which allows to describe frontier phenomena and processes in their complexity, multi-dimensionality and ambiguity. Following M. L. Pratt contact zone is understood as the space of cooperation and competition, coexistence and antagonism, contact and conflict of groups. The subject of analysis are the representations of borderland in Polish-Jewish in the prose of 1930s (including the serialized novels published in mass-circulation press). In the centre of interest there is the motive of conflict communication. In the literary renditions interactions between Poles and Jews easily transform into conflict communication and focus on indicating group differences and borders, defining collective identities and their positioning. Conflictive communication appears in various places (school, street, neighbourhood), in various forms (nicknames, arguments, pogrom cries) and functions (from initiating and escalating tensions to inspiring riots and murders), adding to the transformation of a contact zone into a conflict zone.
Szkoła na rozdrożach
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Kłakówna, Zofia Agnieszka
The author of the article points to conflicts resulting from several consecutive politically and ideologically motivated moves of both structural and curricular school reform, and outlines far-reaching, negative consequences of such activities. She explains differences between such concepts as carricular basis and curriculum and analises possible misunderstanding or misinterpretations which are likely to occur if these concepts are confused with each other or wrongly defined. Moreover, she describes the inviolable order of several necessary procedures which will need to be undertaken while planning the reform, if the reform is to succeed at all. She also draws the reader’s attention to the cultural and civilizational context in which the contemporary school functions, and questions the actual purpose and the point of boad general school education under the circumstances where the cultural paradigms are suddenly changed. She considers teacher training to be of paramount importance here and emphasises the fact that it is necessary to perceive the concept of methodics as a social activity which involves multiple fields of study. Furthermore, she suggests that politicians should be excluded from influncing the educational system directly.
On the Flexibility of Borders between Public Reason and Collective Ignorance
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Żardecka, Magdalena
The main theme of the paper is the issue of the foundations of social life. The author begins by outlining the tradition of the Enlightenment represented by Immanuel Kant, who attempted to justify rationally the basis of social life. Then she moves back to antiquity, to Plato, the sophists and Aristotle, to show their attitude towards the foundations of public life in order to briefly present in the following stage the original concept of Baruch Spinoza and, in more details, the views of Blaise Pascal, who is the main figure of this presentation. The final part of the paper includes a draft of the philosophical thought of postmodernism, represented by such intellectuals as Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty and Jürgen Habermas. The author additionally presents an exposition of the concept of habitus by Pierre Bourdieu, interpreting it accordingly to her previous reflections. The course of thought in these considerations intends to formulate a thesis which takes a stand against the most obvious opinion of Enlightenment, purporting that neither the contemporary liberal democracy nor people’s respect for it and their will to obey the law are founded on reason.
Topografia baśniowego pogranicza jako reprezentacja doświadczania zła (na podstawie zbiorów baśni pisarzy polskich)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ślósarska, Joanna
While reconstructing the subject of fairy-like borderland I consecutively discuss the problems of literary topography as a spatial figure of experiencing evil, next releasing the conflict and creation of domesticated seats and internalization and projection of fairy-like evil. In the conclusion I emphasize the tension between internal and social maturation of the hero and the semantics of the threshold and transgression as a special way of lexical organization of the fairytale form referring these problems onto theoretical and analytical contexts of postmodern culture. Because while being on the borderland fairytale characters experience evil of mainly situational character I accept in my analysis the basic assumptions of the phenomenological- existential philosophy of Gabriel Marcel dealing with the situation in which evil is encountered and experienced by specific subjects.
Konflikt jezuitów i masonerii w „Elegii żałośnej, scil[icet], Tryumf francmasonów z wygnania jezuitów z Petersburga” Wincentego Wierzbiłowicza
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Demkowicz, Agata
„Elegia żałośna, scil[icet], Tryumf francmasonów z wygnania jezuitów z Petersburga”, signed by Wincenty Wierzbiłowicz, was composed in the circle of freemasons, soon after the expulsion of the members of the Society of Jesus from the then capital of the Russian Empire. The poem, which refers to the events that were painful to the Jesuits, is saturated with irony and derision. Even its title is ambiguous as in an ‘elegy’ the reader should be presented with poetry expressing grief and lamenting some loss. Yet the author of this composition proclaims his joy over the misfortune that befell the Jesuits. He discredits the value of their teaching and casts serious doubt upon the special bond with Christ that the Jesuits claimed to have. Also, he is sure that the removal of the followers of St Ignatius from Saint Petersburg will wipe out their sense of superiority over the “commoners” and put an end to their infamous equivocation. Wierzbiłowicz describes the Jesuits as “villains”, and the principles and ideas they expounded are associated by him with “filth”. At the end of the poem, its tone changes. The author applauds the designs of Alexander I. Initially, the tsar intended to unite all religions as one and to revive spiritual life beyond the confines of particular denominations. He planned to establish a universal Church. The idea of freedom of religion, propagated by freemasons, concurred with his venture. Freemasons supported Alexander’s initiative and voiced their conviction that, as the Jesuits had been expelled from the Russian capital city, no one could hinder the implementation of the project. It is not known if the Jesuits prepared any direct response to Elegia żałośna, but the reputation and respectability of the order were definitely defended by Józef Morelowski, a Jesuit poet from Połock (now Polatsk, Belarus). In his works, he attacked freemasonry, arguing that members of masonic lodges spread lies about the Society of Jesus.
Idea hegemonii kulturowej Polski i Polaków w prozie podróżniczej Aleksandra Sapiehy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Karpińska, Monika
The aim of the article is to present the idea of Slav present in the prose of Aleksander Sapieha. Traveler in his relation reveals the cultural stratification of the Slavs, focusing not only on diverse religious influences, but also came from different areas of broad culture. Sapieha, noting those delamination, adheres to the idea of the superiority of the Poles among the Slavs, based mainly on the achievements of European civilization. The piece reflects on the idea of cultural hegemony, coming into conflict with affirmed in the eighteenth century, the vision of the Slavic tribal unity.
Romantyzm poza wektorem „wpływu”. Model amerykańsko-polskiego rezonansu kulturowego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Ławski, Jarosław
The author of the article considers Polish-American literary and cultural relations from the 18th century to the times of romanticism. He notices that those relations fall into the model impossible to describe by the traditional models using the category of “influence” [Harald Bloom] or postcolonial dependence. The basis for American-Polish relations is the idea of freedom, fight for freedom and even a peculiar cult of freedom of both nations. The personifications of this common relation are the heroes of fight for freedom of Poland and the United States, namely Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko. As the author notices studies on these relations lead to the conclusion that apart from dependence relations between historical and cultural phenomena in intercultural relations others may be observed. Thus, I describe American-Polish relations as a realization of a certain model called „the model of resonance, circulation and transmission” of values, patterns, common ideas. As the researcher indicates the model of this type also shapes postromantic relations between the United States and Polish culture, which may also be observed on the basis of studies on reception of such writers as James F. Cooper, August Antoni Jakubowski, Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Karol Wojtyła, Czesław Miłosz.
Kazimiery Iłłakowiczówny dyskurs o utraconej ojczyźnie
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Szpunar, Karolina
Kazimiera Iłłakowiczówna’s literary output is unusually rich. The poet was born in Vilnius and she spent her youth in Polish Livonia (now Latvia) which topography played a crucial role in her literary work. The loss of this “little homeland” contributed to the specific creation of the country of her childhood. Livonia and Lithuania became for the author of “The Lithuanian Nightingale” the source of both idyll and pain; the peculiar Way of the Cross. In her works the poet mourns and recalls the lost homeland. She also tries to persuade the warring nations to forgive and make peace. She prays for the disappearance of the borders.
Wokół „Wyprawy Wołodyjowskiego na kresy”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Uliasz, Stanisław
The author’s attention is focused on the analysis of Zdzisław Grodecki’s novel entitled “Wyprawa Wołodyjowskiego na kresy” (“Wołodyjowski’s expedition to the Eastern Borderlands”) published in 1929 in Lviv. The novel is set in the context of various discourses, among which the discourse on the Eastern Borderlines appears to be the most significant one, as it regards interwar Polish Eastern Territories as a strongold preserving the Polish identity. Crucial to Grodecki’s work are references to a cult classic “The Trilogy” by Henryk Sienkiewicz, including the notion of characters on “loan” which is enhanced by a strategy which might be described as a follow-up. The author of the paper analyzes the presence of literary symbols within national community, stereotyping, as well as coaxing strategies.
Kreso-pograniczny świat prozy Marii Schoferowej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Suchomłynow, Lech Aleksy
In his stories of the homeland Polish writer Maria Schofer created a specific and unique model of multi-ethnic borderland interwar period. A cursory analysis of the works of this author can state that the image of the Other, is inextricably linked to the texts of writer.
Between Silence and Speaking: the Representation of National Identity in Oksana Zabuzhko’s Poetry
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Borysiuk, Iryna
The article is focused on the problems of national identity, self-representation, and memory re-articulation in Oksana Zabuzhko’s poetry. Language, speaking, and word as well as silence are conceptualized as key concepts in verse by the 1980s generation of Ukrainian poets to whom Oksana Zabuzhko belongs. Speaking and silence in 1980s poetry can be treated not only as concepts or metaphors but also as a literary strategy or even as the form of resistance in the late Soviet era. The article is structured as the gradation of motives from speaking to silence in Zabuzhko’s poetry. The analyses includes the following subthemes: non-verbal language represented by sounds, gestures, and poses, verbal language as existing between sacrum and profanum, speechlessness, and silence.
Stanisława Vincenza filozofia współistnienia w perspektywie powojennych stosunków polsko-żydowskich
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Czarnik, Mirosław
The text considers the possibility of functioning of the philosophy of coexistence supported by Stanisław Vincenz the author of „Na wysokiej połoninie” („On the high meadow”) in the perspective of postwar Polish-Jewish relations. He does that in reference to widely treated historical context (from the 1940s up to the present times) noting that postwar Polish-Jewish relations are of extremely complex character and are realized between selfless friendship, at times even heroism and xenophobia and aggressive antisemitism. The text also mentions the criteria of strangeness/hostility and familiarity functioning between both nations. The conclusion of the text is a well-argumented statement that in the present Polish reality practical realization of Vincenz’s philosophy showing equality and equality of values in mutual interethnic relations is difficult, however, in the future perspective and „long lasting” (understood in accordance with the intention of Ferdinand Braudel) is not impossible and desired indeed.
„Mariaż”. Inwigilacja Zofii i Kazimierza Romanowiczów w świetle zachowanych dokumentów Służby Bezpieczeństwa
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Jamrozek-Sowa, Anna
Zofia and Kazimierz Romanowiczowie are eminent figures of Polish postwar emigration. They lived and worked in Paris where they created and ran for years Libella publishing house and bookstore as well as Galerie Lambert. In the gallery works of artists from all over the world were shown. In the bookstore free copies of books published in the West were distributed to the Poles. The Romanowiczowie also sent them to Poland. Libella was one of the points of secret distribution of books beyond the iron curtain. Documents preserved in the Institute of National Memory prove that the activity of the Romanowicze was carefully followed by the officers of the Security Services. A case against them was set named „Marriage” Its aim was to obtain the Romanowicze for cooperation. The decisive refusal from the owners of Libella had various consequences – among others the ban on printing Romanowiczowa’s books in domestic publishing houses.
Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część I
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Moczkodan, Rafał
Transgenerational conflicts, complaints of the representatives of the older generation on the younger one, objections put forward by the latter to the former are phenomena equally common and, one may say, everlasting (even Plato complained about the Athens youth). War emigrants who found their places in the West of Europe right after they finished their active participation in fights, most frequently left their homeland as mature and well-shaped people. They were assumed as the “old” generation. They were accompanied by children and the youth who got their education in the foreign land, started employment, settled families and also took their first steps on the cultural ground. They were assumed as the “young” generation. Taking these names into quotation marks is justified by their large conventionality, their instability and changeability in time. As I will attempt to prove in this text, the line separating the “old” from the “young” did not only refer to their dates of birth and the age line of division did not definitely settle the whole matter. It was so the more that part of the “young” also took active part in fight and after its ending despite the “old’s” expectations did not share their views and convictions. This problem being connected with others such as the relation to the past and history, relations with the homeland, patriotism and relations to Polishness1 is wide and multithread enough that there is no way to present it in its entirety. Thus I am going to focus on its part which seems to me particularly important for understanding socio-mental relations and structures of the second independence emigration. The subject of my reflection will be texts and speeches showing this conflict which appeared in the circle of published in London students’ journals in years 1949- 1966 around which the later poets’ group Continents was established. This outline presents the chronological order of the conflict, the evolution of the way of thinking of both sides, the most important points of ignition and most visible differences and divisions revealed in this conflict. Due to richness of materials and problems requiring discussion this text has been divided into two parts. The first part comprises years 1949-1954. At that time the conflict emerged and unusually dynamically it developed leading to a clear difference between emigration generations (as it will be shown in the second part of the outline four stages of the conflict can be distinguished in this period). The second part begins with presenting the events of 1955 when the definite division between the „old” and the „young” happened. It is mainly about the November events in Manchester which can be viewed as the climax of the conflict and which initiated its fall. Discussing it along with the division into two phases (the fifth and sixth) ends with a summary and conclusions concerning the course of the conflict.
O pewnej nienapisanej książce
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Święch, Jerzy
This article presents the story of an unfinished book by Jerzy Stempowski about the Roman poet Ovid. The author analyzes the reasons for giving up this project by Stempowski so that in this way Stempowski’s attitude towards emigration and exile was reconstructed. In Stempowski’s eyes Ovid’s attitude towards exile was too unambiguous so that it could become the model for 20th century emigration writers.
Powieść jako trzecia przestrzeń w zmaganiu o własne miejsce: ukryta polemika z literaturą niemiecką w „Pornografii” Witolda Gombrowicza
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Gall, Alfred
This paper deals with Gombrowicz’s novel „Pornografia” which is interpreted as a third space where different literary discourses and philosophical concepts are interwoven. Of a special interest are in this respect two German authors: Thomas Mann and Friedrich Nietzsche. It is the aim of this article to show, to what extent Gombrowicz refers to writings of these two authors in his attempt to establish himself as an important writer in the conditions of his exile in Argentina. The novel „Pornografia” works in this respect as sphere of interferences and space of emerging hybridity, where Gombrowicz is creating a special textuality consisting of hidden references to and even polemics with Mann and Nietzsche, respectively. The notion of conflict is thus applicable in the description of the literary practice Gombrowicz resorts to in writing his novel.
Witold Bosonóg, czyli polska [nie]dojrzała (nie)dojrzałość. Casus strukturacji tożsamości
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Chojnacki, Marek
Due to surprisingly different historical testimonies about Polish identity and character – Poles being astonishingly kind-hearted, naive and polite and at the same time quarrelsome and incapable of acting together – how should a peculiar weakness of Polish social existence leading to „ritual chaos” be understood? Gombrowicz in his ironic historical dramas – in „Ślub” (Wedding), in „Historia” (History), in „Operetka” (Operetta) – leads us to discovering mature immaturity understood much more widely than just criticism of Polish form or „trap” suggesting the possibility of critical but conscious accepting Polishness as a feeling of helplessness in the face of this world powers, a weak, unfinished and vague identity and at the same time showing unexpected benefit from this seemingly hopeless situation: Polish weakness, self-conscious, unassertive identity gives a chance to react more flexibly, maturely to revolutionary changes in contemporary world. Speaking the language of contemporary subjective sociology the Habermas vision of ideal community of communication is defeated by Anthony Giddens’s description of structuration in which true mechanisms of creating efficient collective identities can be seen.

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