European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.23, z. 2 (2025)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/11570

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Corrigendum: A family screening of CD19 gene mutation by PCR-RFLP
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Karaselek, Mehmet Ali; Kapaklı, Hasan; Güner, Şükrü Nail; Kurar, Ercan; Küççüktürk, Serkan; Keleş, Sevgi; Reisli, İsmail
Corrigendum: Interleukin-13 as a potential biomarker in the management of pediatric asthma – a longitudinal study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Raju, Prasanna; Sundar, Subash; Suresh, Preethi; Vajravelu, Leela Kakithakara; Aravindhan, Vivekanandhan
A Corrigendum on Interleukin-13 as a potential biomarker in the management of pediatric asthma – a longitudinal study by Raju P, Sundar S, Suresh P, Vajravelu LK, Aravindhan V. Eur J Clin Exp Med. 2025;23(1):15–20. doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2025.1.3.
Depression scores among pet dog owners
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Daungsupawong, Hinpetch; Wiwanitkit, Viroj
Secondary chondrosarcoma of the iliac bone in a young woman – a rare case report and review of the literature
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) David, Therese; Narla, Swetha Lakshmi; Subramanyan, Annapurneswari; N., Kathiresan
Introduction and aim. Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-forming tumors, with secondary cases rarely arising from osteochondromas. This report presents a case of secondary chondrosarcoma developing from an undiagnosed pelvic osteo chondroma in a young female, emphasizing the importance of early detection and timely intervention. Description of the case. A 28-year-old woman with hip and back pain underwent magnetic resonance imaging, revealing a le sion in the left iliacus muscle with sacroiliac extension. Biopsy confirmed a chondroid neoplasm, and positron emission topog raphy-computed tomography showed minimal metabolic activity. Due to the extensive soft tissue component and recurrence risk, wide local excision was performed. Histology confirmed well-differentiated secondary chondrosarcoma, WHO grade 1 arising from an undiagnosed pre-existing osteochondroma. Conclusion. The described case highlights the critical role of radiological and histopathological evaluation, timely surgical in tervention, and multidisciplinary management for optimal patient outcomes.
Transient ischemic attacks – the role of arterial spin labelling
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Dinesh, Sreehari; Gupta, Dulari; Murumkar, Vivek; Gorthi, Sankar Prasad
Introduction and aim. Transient ischemic attacks are usually diagnosed by clinical criteria. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a noninvasive technique based on magnetic labeling of hydrogen ions in arterial blood with high sensitivity for the detection of oligemic areas in the corresponding cerebral hemisphere to the clinical phenotype. The aim is to demonstrate hypoperfusion using Arterial spin labelling techniques in TIA cases with the objective of intervening with appropriate methods to stop the stroke progression. Description of the cases. The authors analyzed 90 cases of TIA in order to ultimately select four cases of clinical TIA with Arterial spin labelling to test the proof of concept. Case 1. 47-year-old male with transient right-sided limb weakness and corresponding ASL hypoperfusion. Case 2. 57-year-old male with recurrent transient ischemic symptoms and ASL showing hypoperfusion in the right parietal lobe. Case 3. 73-year-old male with a high risk TIA and right parietal hypoperfusion on ASL that evolved into an infarct. Case 4. 30-year-old female with a sensory TIA and hypoperfusion in the right cerebral hemisphere on ASL. The hypothesis is that Arterial spin labelling will be able to demonstrate a penumbra in brain tissue in TIA cases which suggests likely progression to stroke and help in appropriate intervention to stop progression in real time. The following sequences were used during the brain MRI: diffusion-weighted imaging, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, apparent diffusion coefficient, and ASL sequences after written informed consent. Philips Ingenia 3Tesla machine obtains a 3D pseudocontinuous ASL sequence with a color coded map is obtained by Philips Ingenia 3 Tesla machine with a magnet weight of 4600 kg, 90-degree flip angle, and total duration of 3 minutes and 19 seconds. The authors present a series of 4 cases in which patients had clinical TIA and had hypoperfusion on ASL sequence correspond ing to the clinical manifestation depicting the penumbra. ASL hypoperfusion was assessed visually and cerebral blood flow (CBF) data was averaged to develop a visual CBF map. Conclusion. Arterial spin labelling is a novel marker for hypoperfusion that indicates brain parenchyma under threat due to either stenosis in vessels of the cerebral circulation or embolic phenomenon.
Antimicrobial activity of ozonated oils and their applications in medicine – a narrative review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Pyatkovskyy, Taras; Pokryshko, Olena
Introduction and aim. Ozonated oils have emerged as promising agents due to their potent antimicrobial properties and broad therapeutic potential across various medical fields. This review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ozonated oils, focusing on their applications in dermatology, dentistry, ophthalmology, gynecology, and proctology, while addressing their safety profiles and limitations. Material and methods. This review compiles and evaluates peer-reviewed publications on the antibacterial properties and therapeutic uses of ozonated oils. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review by searching through the largest scientific databases using Google Scholar, Google Patents, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed within the last 15 years. Analysis of the literature. Ozonated oils exhibited strong antibacterial effects against a wide range of microorganisms, including those resistant to antibiotics. Their efficacy has been confirmed in treating conditions such as onychomycosis, oral and vaginal candidiasis, and MRSA skin infections, among others. Clinical studies highlight their ability to reduce symptoms and improve outcomes in ophthalmic applications as well. Despite their effectiveness there are limitations which include a lack of long-term safety data, insufficient number of studies conducted on human subjects. Conclusion. Ozonated oils have a lot of potential as antimicrobials that can be used in a variety of medicinal fields. However, further clinical trials are needed to establish their long-term safety and efficacy.
Endogenous and exogenous factors influencing anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women of reproductive age
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Jankowska, Olga; Kraśnik, Wojciech; Kurzeja, Jacek; Piotrowicz, Katarzyna; Piotrowicz, Hubert; Bajkacz, Agnieszka; Rogala, Anna; Osmólska, Joanna
Introduction and aim. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a key marker of ovarian reserve (OR), which declines with advancing reproductive age. Certain pathological conditions can reduce OR or lower AMH levels independently of age, potentially impairing fertility. This study aims to review the scientific literature on factors influencing AMH levels and the causes of diminished OR, including lifestyle, diet, supplementation, pathogenic factors, environmental influences, and genetic predispositions. Material and methods. This review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. A comprehensive search was carried out across these databases, covering the period from 2007 to 2024. The inclusion criteria encompass studies on AMH and factors influencing ovarian reserve, that present either quantitative or qualitative data. Analysis of the literature. The most important factor determining the level of AMH is age. In addition, factors that may influence hormone levels include genetic background, autoimmune diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), environmental toxins, diet, supplementation, oral contraception, physical activity, and smoking. Conclusion. The causes of reduced OR and abnormal AMH levels remain unclear in many cases. Recommendations for the prevention of pathologically reduced OR include lifestyle modifications, a diet rich in antioxidants, avoiding toxins, refraining from smoking, appropriate supplementation, genetic testing, and regular blood tests.
Implications of labor analgesia on labor outcomes – a systematic review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Tehalia, Manpreet Kaur; Agarwal, Shubhra; Lalwani, Astha
Introduction and aim. Labor analgesia is a key component in ensuring maternal comfort during childbirth and impacts several maternal and neonatal outcomes. The selection of pharmacological and nonpharmacological analgesic methods significantly affects labor progression, delivery methods, neonatal health, and maternal satisfaction. This systematic review sought to assess the implications of labor analgesia on these outcomes by synthesizing evidence from various study designs. Material and methods. Searches on the following electronic databases comprehensively: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL; Using Boolean operators and MeSH terms, six studies were included. These comprised randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and observational studies that assessed maternal and newborn outcomes in the presence of labor analgesia. Data on types of analgesia, onset times, maternal hemodynamic outcomes, labor durations, delivery modes, neonatal Apgar scores, adverse events and maternal satisfaction were extracted. The exclusion criteria were studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, such as reviews, editorials, and non-human studies. Analysis of the literature. The analysis involved a wide range of studies employing analgesia methods such as epidural, com bined spinal-epidural (CSE), programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), and non-pharmacological interventions. Ropiva caine (0.1–0.2%) with fentanyl (7.5–25 µg/mL) was the most commonly used combination. The onset times ranged from imme diate to 200 minutes for prolonged durations of PIEB. Labor durations were variable. Some techniques, such as peripheral nerve blocks, reduced second stage labor by 33.8 minutes, whereas epidural analgesia prolonged labor duration in some cohorts. The modes of delivery outcomes were characterized by relatively minimal variations in cesarean rates between techniques, while operative vaginal deliveries were more likely with routine epidurals. Neonatal outcomes were otherwise favorable with nor mal Apgar scores, although some studies reported lower 1 minute Apgar scores with epidurals. Adverse events, such as motor blockade and postdural puncture headaches, were usually technique-dependent and minimal. Maternal satisfaction was high in all methods, with ultrasound-guided CSE, PIEB, and nonpharmacological methods receiving particularly positive feedback. Conclusion. Labor analgesia showed overall safety and efficacy but varied impacts on labor duration, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes with the technique used. Although most of them had high maternal satisfaction and stable maternal he modynamics, some increased operative deliveries or adverse newborn outcomes. These results underscore the importance of tailoring analgesic strategies to individual clinical needs to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
The role of vitamin D and its supplementation in sarcoidosis – current status
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Bieda, Anna; Kondracka, Monika; Bielecki, Michał; Zapałowska, Agata; Kondracki, Kamil; Szczepańska, Milena; Kozłowski, Wojciech
Introduction and aim. Sarcoidosis is a chronic autoimmune-related inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma formation. The macrophages accumulating in granulomas express increased 1alpha hydroxylase activity. Increased extrarenal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis can lead to hypercalcemia and its complications. However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are virtually universal among sarcoidosis patients. The aim of this study was to explain the complex role of vitamin D and to its metabolites and discuss the possible benefits and risks associated with the administration of exogenous vitamin D to patients with sarcoidosis. Material and methods. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for reviews about The role of vitamin D and its supplementation in sarcoidosis. The authors have analyzed a total of 107 full-text articles published between January 2000 and November 2024, with additional articles identified by bibliography analysis. Analysis of literature. The potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in sarcoidosis are promising in terms of reducing the inflammatory response, counteracting disease progression, reducing bone fracture risk, and minimizing the pharmacotherapy needed for disease control. However, the risk of hypercalcemia should not be neglected. Conclusion. Despite the increased risk of hypercalcemia, vitamin D supplementation in patients with sarcoidosis should be considered. Each patient’s benefits-to-risks ratio of vitamin D supplementation should be assessed individually and the inter vention should be closely monitored both before and during implementation.
The role of ABCA12 in neurodegenerative diseases – a review of molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kumar, Daksh; Goel, Falguni; Rai, Sachchida Nand
Introduction and aim. ABCA12 a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily, is known to be involved in lipid transport and in the formation of the skin barrier. However, recent evidence also suggests its implication in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that could link ABCA12 to neurodegenerative processes and its potential as a therapeutic target. Material and methods. A literature review search was conducted between 200 and 2024 via the databases, which included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. There, pertinent studies with relevance to ABCA12 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases were searched. This study reviewed pertinent articles on the expression patterns of ABCA12 and its molecular inter actions, as well as its contribution to cellular processes, such as lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and neuronal integrity. The analysis further included studies on ABCA12 mutations and their associations with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Analysis of literature. The results from the analysis showed that ABCA12 dysfunction led to disturbances in lipid metabolism, accompanied by increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and compromised integrity of the neuronal membrane. The results imply that mutations or dysregulation of ABCA12 exaggerates amyloid-beta aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease and dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson’s disease. Finally, pathways of ABCA12 functionally interact with other core neurodegenerative mechanisms, which include autophagy dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Preliminary preclinical data indicate that altering ABCA12 expression or function diminishes neuroinflammation and restores cellular homeostasis. Conclusion. ABCA12 plays an important role in maintaining neuronal health and its dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative processes. Targeting pathways related to ABCA12 seems promising to mitigate disease progression in neurodegenerative diseases. More research is still required to elucidate its precise molecular mechanisms and identify specific interventions.
The pleiotropic effects of liraglutide in obesity-linked diseases
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kozdrowicki, Michał; Kaleta, Konrad; Kajtel, Aleksandra; Tekieli, Beata; Kęska, Mateusz; Lorkowska-Zawicka, Barbara; Bujak-Giżycka, Beata
Introduction and aim. Obesity, defined by a BMI ≥30 kg/m², is a global epidemic associated with increased mortality rates and an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Such diseases include type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), besides several mental health disorders. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue, is widely recognized for its efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss and this review aims to explore the pleiotropic effects of liraglutide in obesity-related diseases. Material and methods. Literature search was performed between 2022 and 2024 using the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar. The comprehensive review of the literature focused on the action of liraglutide on NAFLD/ NASH, CVD, mental disorders, and PCOS. A qualitative synthesis of the data focusing on efficacy of liraglutide in obesity-related disease outcomes was performed. Analysis of the literature. Liraglutide improves metabolic outcomes by promoting weight loss, reducing appetite, and improv ing glycemic control. In NAFLD/NASH, liraglutide reduces intrahepatic fat, liver fibrosis, and inflammation that strongly relate to the degree of weight loss. The LEADER trial showed its cardiovascular benefits in terms of reducing all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, although its chronotropic effects may pose risks in patients with heart fail ure. In women with PCOS, liraglutide reduces hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and body weight, and thus has even more favorable effects compared with metformin. Liraglutide also counteracts antipsychotic-induced weight gain and improves metabolic markers in patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion. Liraglutide demonstrates significant pleiotropic effects apart from weight reduction, including improved hepatic metabolism, cardiovascular protection, and better outcomes in PCOS and mental health. While semaglutide and tirzepatide may offer enhanced efficacy, liraglutide remains a promising therapeutic option for managing obesity and its related comor bidities.
A comparative study on the utility of biomarkers – serum interleukin-13 against serum immunoglobulin E in assessing the severity of asthma
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Raju, Prasanna; Sundar, Subash; Suresh, Preethi; Thulukanam, Jayaprakash; Srinivasan, Padmanaban
Introduction and aim. Asthma is a complex respiratory condition with fluctuating symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-13 induces various biological responses, including B-cell immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil chemo-attractants, and mucus-secreting goblet cell maturation. B-cell immunoglobulin E antibodies are essential for the onset and propagation of the inflammatory cascade, triggering the allergic response. The aim was to compare the utility of biomarkers – serum IL-13 against serum IgE in assessing the severity of asthma. Material and methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 68 asthmatic children aged 6–12 years and 68 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Asthma severity was assessed using spirometry and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on GINA guidelines. Serum IL-13 and IgE levels were measured using validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The study confirmed elevated levels of serum IL-13 and IgE in children with asthma compared to the control group, suggesting their involvement in the development of asthma (p<0.001). The threshold values for identifying the existence of asthma were 1.86 pg/mL for IL-13 and 314 ng/ml for IgE. The IL-13 level could accurately classify asthmatic children as having either moderate or severe asthma, using a cut-off value of ≥2.66 pg/mL, with a statistically significant p=0.001. However, no such results were observed with IgE. Conclusion. Bronchial asthma patients had markedly higher levels of total IgE and IL-13 compared to the healthy controls included in the study. Furthermore, it has been shown that IL-13 plays a role in discerning the extent of asthma severity.
Factors affecting prognosis in high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer in according to ESMO/ESGO/ESTRO risk classification – FIGO 2023 analysis of survival outcomes and staging dynamics compared to the FIGO 2009 system
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Guleryuz, Eren Can; Korpe, Busra; Korkmaz, Vakkas
Introduction and aim. Accurate staging is essential for determining treatment strategies and predicting outcomes in endometrial cancer (EC). The FIGO staging system was updated in 2023 to incorporate histological and molecular features. This study evaluates the impact of the FIGO 2023 system on high-intermediate risk endometrioid EC cases and compares its prognostic value with the FIGO 2009 system. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 140 high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer cases from two tertiary hospitals was conducted. Patients were reclassified using FIGO 2023, and staging shifts were analyzed. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results. Within this high-intermediate risk group, patients were stratified into three groups: group 1 (n=79) consisted of those with LVSI (+) Stage I, group 2 (n=17) included patients with LVSI (-) Stage IB grade 3, and group 3 (n=44) comprised individuals with Stage II. Based on age, a statistically significant difference was identified between group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05), while no statistically significant difference in BMI was observed among the groups (p>0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference among the groups concerning the type of surgery performed (p<0.05) Although no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes was observed, a trend toward improved risk stratification in OS was noted. Positive lymphovascular space invasion emerged as a key factor influencing upstaging. Conclusion. FIGO 2023 provides a refined staging approach that better aligns with clinical outcomes. Larger prospective studies incorporating molecular profiling are needed to confirm its prognostic utility.
Radiological evaluation of the normal patella position using the Insall-Salvati ratio
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025) Ominde, Beryl Shitandi; Enaohwo, Mamerhi Taniyohwo; Erabocha, Onajite Gloria; Jeremiah, Ogheneyole; Ikubor, Joyce E; Omoro, Orovwoghene Faithful; Igbigbi, Patrick Sunday
Introduction and aim. Normal patellofemoral relationship relies on the patella’s location which is vital in the knee’s stability and biomechanics. This research aimed to determine the normal Insall Salvati Ratio (ISR) and the cut-off values that will be useful for diagnosing patella alta and baja in Delta State in Nigeria. Material and methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the Insall-Salvati Ratio by dividing the patella tendon length by the patella length. These lengths were measured on lateral knee radiographs of 300 patients (149 males, 151 females) aged 20 years and older using digital calipers calibrated in cm. Results. With exception to the ISR, the measured variables showed sexual dimorphism and a significant weak negative association with age (p<0.05). Based on the international ISR cut-off values (<0.8 and >1.2), the prevalence of patella baja and alta was 15 (5%) and 64 (21.3%) respectively using the calculated cut-off values (<0.73 and >1.41). A lower prevalence of 6 (2%) and 9 (3%) were recorded correspondingly. Conclusion. The normal ISR cut-offs provided by this study will aid radiologists and orthopedic specialists in Delta State, Nigeria to precisely diagnose patella alta and baja and ensure proper restoration of the knee’s stability and biomechanics as well as minimizing complications.
Plasma KIM-1 and interleukin-18 are superior biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying risk in type 1 acute cardiorenal syndrome
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Alredha, Redha Dawud Abd; Farman, Hassan Ali; Haddawi, Krarr Haider
Introduction and aim. Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a condition in which acute cardiac dysfunction leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in acute CRS compared to acute heart failure (AHF) and healthy controls. Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted with 90 participants divided into three groups: control (n=30), AHF (n=30), and acute CRS (n=30). Renal function parameters (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate) and plasma biomarkers (KIM-1, IL-18) were measured. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of disease outcomes. Results. Plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the acute CRS group than in the AHF and control groups. KIM-1 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (the area under the curve (AUC)=1.000) with 100% sensitivity and specificity, while IL-18 also performed well (AUC=0.96, sensitivity=96%, specificity=97%). ROC analysis identified plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 cut-off values of >72.78 pg/mL and >254.8 pg/mL, respectively, which may be used as thresholds for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma KIM-1 was a significant predictor of adverse outcomes (OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.50–8.49, p=0.003), while IL-18 also contributed to risk stratification (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.125, p=0.03). These adverse outcomes included progression to kidney disease. However, these findings require validation in an independent cohort to confirm reproducibility and generalizability. Conclusion. KIM-1 and IL-18 are highly effective biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying the risk of acute CRS, outperforming traditional markers of renal function. Their clinical integration could enable early detection and personalized treatment, thus improving patient outcomes. However, more studies with larger cohorts, serial measurements, and independent validation are warranted.
Cytopathological diagnoses obtained in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration – a single-center one-year analysis
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Zając, Paweł; Kądziołka, Wojciech; Kaznowska, Ewa
Introduction and aim. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) is a widely adopted technique that replaces mediastinoscopy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions, significantly improving patient safety. This study assesses its diagnostic effectiveness and compares procedural quality with the existing literature, in order to identify characteristics of the patient population referred to the center. Material and methods. During a year-long retrospective analysis, data from 312 EBUS-FNA procedures were collected, resulting in a final study group of 274 patients. For patients initially without a definitive diagnosis, reinterventions were conducted, typically with additional EBUS or tissue biopsy, followed by precise statistical analyses and calculations. Results. The sensitivity of the EBUS examination to detect sarcoidosis, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lymphoproliferative disorders was determined to be 87.36%, 87.23%, 91.30% and 20%, respectively, based on false negative findings. Among patients who received a final diagnosis (n=237), a significant majority, i.e. 206 individuals or 86.92%, obtained it based on the first intervention. Conclusion. EBUS-TBNA is an effective method to diagnose the cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, allowing for a definitive diagnosis in a significant majority of patients in the first intervention and showing high sensitivity in detecting metastatic malignant lymph node involvement and sarcoidosis.
D-dimer as a potential biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Patel, Anish V.; Tyagi, Mayurika S.; Mittal, Adreena; Chandra, Sumit; Kausar, Hina; Dhandayuthapani, Sivanesan
Introduction and aim. Despite signs of drop in tuberculosis in the middle of the twentieth century, up to 75% of men were smokers at that time, which contributed to the epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the latter half of the century. The present study was conducted with the main focus of establishing a relation between D-dimer and lung function in patients with COPD. Material and methods. A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study involved 108 subjects, divided into 54 cases (COPD patients) and 54 healthy controls (41-80 years old). The dry volume spirometer was used to assess the lung health of the study population. D-dimer assay was performed on peripheral blood drawn from study subjects using the second generation latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay on the Diagon Fully Automatic COAG XL Coagulation Analyzer. Results. Spirometry tests revealed COPD patients showing reduced lung function (42.59% with normal, 51.85% with mild, and 5.56% with moderate degree of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity). Patients with COPD under different age groups and both the genders showed an elevated level (p<0.05) of D-dimer in correlation with the spirometry measurements. Conclusion. The D-dimer is promising plasma biomarker which demonstrated a strong correlation with the spirometry measurements and different morphological categories in patients with COPD. The D-dimer could serve as a reliable biomarker for validating and confirming the various morphological classifications among individuals with COPD.
Risk factors for ischemic stroke in the elderly in Morocco – a case-control study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Arzoug, Hafid; Loubna, Chouaf; Amine, Baba Med; Lahoucine, Amsdar; Adali, Nawal
Introduction and aim. Ischemic strokes occur most frequently in the elderly (more than 80%). This study aimed to determine the risk factors for ischemic stroke in elderly subjects in the Souss Massa region of southern Morocco. Material and methods. Two hundred and thirteen cases and four hundred and thirty-two controls of the same age (76.51±2 years vs. 73.90±2 years) and sex were collected. Cases were selected from patients with ischemic stroke hospitalized in the neurology department of the regional hospital Souss Massa. All risk factors have been documented from interviews and review of patient medical records. Results. Multivariate regression analysis showed that low-income families (odds ratios [OR]=4.19, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 2.886–6.09, p<0.001), residence area (urban OR=9.408, 95% CI 4.7133–18.778, p<0.001), high blood pressure (OR=62.984, 95% CI 26.7374–148.367, p<0.001), diabetes (OR=18.138, 95% CI 5.2320–62.880, p<0.001), are risk factors for ischemic stroke. On the contrary, health insurance (OR=0.295, 95% CI 0.1513–0.577, p<0.001) and marital status (in couple OR=0.448, 95% CI 0.284–0.708, p<0.001) are protective factors. Conclusion. In addition to traditional risk factors of ischemic strokes such as high blood pressure and diabetes, low-income family as well as lack of health insurance and marital status (living with a partner) require particular attention. Integrating these new factors into public health strategies could significantly reduce the risk of stroke in the elderly.
Morphological and genetic identification of yeasts from skin and oral infection in children in the Basrah province
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) AL-Mosawi, Fatima T. M.; Abu-Mejdad, Najwa M. J. A.; Al-Hilfi, Athraa A. A.
Introduction and aim. Human fungus infections are widespread and can lead to a variety of diseases in children. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify yeasts from various places in children, including skin (diaper area) and oral cavity, utilizing morphological and molecular approaches for precise categorization. Material and methods. One hundred swabs were collected from children clinically diagnosed with fungal skin infections. The isolated yeast species were examined, purified, and morphologically. The sequences have been deposited in GenBank of Japan as new strains under accession numbers LC790886 to LC79098. including Candida albicans, Pichia kudriavzevii, Magnusiomces capitatus, Nakaseomyces glabratus, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida tropicalis, Meyerozyma guiliermonolii, Clavispora lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Trichosporon ashii. The isolates were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol, and species identification was carried out using CHROMagar Candida medium and lactophenol cotton blue staining. Molecular identification was performed using PCR amplification of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, followed by DNA sequencing. Results. The presence of 10 yeast species, with C. albicans 56% representing the highest percentage of these, while the percentage of other yeasts was 44%. The Candida species was found to have the highest percentage of occurrence, 58% followed by the C. tropicalis species, 19%, which had a lower percentage of occurrence. Conclusion. The phenotypical and genetic characteristics of yeast have been identified by the use of clinically isolated samples of children.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) from English to Marathi – assessing reliability, validity, and cross-cultural equivalence
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kulkarni, Sharvari J.; Lima de Melo Ghisi, Gabriela; Jaiswal, Varoon C.; Pawar, Pournima; Kharatmal, Deepali R.; Kangude, Mithali M.
Introduction and aim. The DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) is a self-administered tool created to evaluate disease-related knowledge and knowledge of five core components of rehabilitation: exercise, diet, psychological well-being, self-management and complications. The aim was to translate and adapt the DATE-Q into Marathi language and to evaluate the validity and reliability among diabetes and prediabetic patients. Material and methods. The study was carried out following standard stepwise Beaton and COSMIN guidelines to complete the translation and psychometric validation of the questionnaire. The pre-final version was evaluated in 30 individuals with diabetes or prediabetes. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed among 200 individuals with type 2 diabetes using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients respectively. Results. The original and translated versions did not conceptually differ from each other. DATE-Q has ten elements that were culturally adjusted. Based on suggestions from the expert group and the results of the pilot tests, cross-cultural modifications were made. The value of 0.935 for Cronbach’s alpha shows a very high level of internal consistency. For single and average measures, the intraclass correlation coefficient is 0.985 and 0.993 resp. which indicates an excellent level of reliability. Conclusion. The DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating knowledge among Marathi-speaking patients.

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