European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.23, z. 2 (2025)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/11570

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Impact of combat trauma on motivational types in military personnel facing life-threatening danger
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Prykhodko, Ihor; Matsehora, Yanina; Larionov, Stanislav; Marushchenko, Kateryna; Rumiantsev, Yurii; Bolshakova, Anastasiia; Bilyk, Olena; Servachak, Olena
Introduction and aim. The motivation of soldiers actively fighting during war is very important. Long-term participation in battles do not have a positive effect on maintaining motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivational types of military personnel with different attitudes toward danger in conditions of a real threat of death after participating in long-term intensive battles. Material and methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among military personnel from the Ukrainian De fense Forces (225 males, 40.73±9.81 years). The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MSCRPTSD) was used to diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the “Disadaptation Express Questionnaire” (DEQ) to identify signs of a violation of the adaptability of the soldier’s personality, the ‘Resilience to Combat Mental Trauma Questionnaire” (RCMTQ) was used to assess the impact of combat stress, as well as the ‘Perspectives assessment of professional motivation in Military Personnel Questionnaire” (APPMMPQ) for a comprehensive assessment of military personnel, including the attitude to danger in conditions of a real threat of death. Results. The relationships between motivational characteristics of conscious attitude towards danger of military personnel and indicators of posttraumatic stress and resistance to combat mental trauma were determined. Two groups (motivational types) of CAD were identified, to which 214 (95.11%) of the participants were assigned: group 1 with low profile 191 (84.89%) and group 2 with a medium-high profile 23 (10.22%). The profile of negative emotional reactions and states of group 2 was located mainly in the range of 1.5–3.5 points with peaks on the scales of “Anxiety”, “Unwillingness to communicate” and “Irritability”. The profile of subgroup 1.2 was located in the range of 2-4 points and was quite close to the profile of group 2 with peaks on the scales of ‘Anxiety’ and “Distrust of commanders”. Conclusion. A high level of motivation for a conscious attitude toward danger can reduce the risk of injury to military person nel. Unformed or depleted motivation for a conscious attitude to danger under the conditions of a real threat of death of mili tary personnel increases the risk of mental trauma.
Comparative assessment of 2D photogrammetry versus direct anthropometry in nasal measurements
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Afaq, Shehzeen; Jain, S.K.; Sharma, Nidhi; Sharm, Sonika
Introduction and aim. The nose significantly influences facial aesthetics, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of na sal anatomy and facial aesthetics standards for successful rhinoplasty. This study investigates the reliability and precision of two-dimensional photogrammetry compared to direct measurements for nasal anthropometry. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Cen ter, Moradabad which included 640 volunteers from six zones of the Indian population. Direct anthropometry and 2D photo grammetry were the two methods used to evaluate each parameter. A caliper was employed for direct anthropometry, and software analysis of nasal characteristics was used for the indirect 2D technique. Results. The result revealed significant gender-based differences in all nasal dimensions assessed by direct measurements, with the exception of the length of the nasal bridge. In contrast, 2D photogrammetry demonstrated no significant variation in ana tomical nasal width and nasal bridge length across the genders. Of the eight nasal parameters analyzed, five parameters (nose height, morphological nose width, alar length, nasal tip protrusion, and nasal index) exhibited excellent reliability. Nasal bridge length and columellar length showed moderate reliability of 2D photogrammetry. Conclusion. This research reveals gender-based differences in nasal dimensions, with males generally having larger dimensions. It suggests 2D photogrammetry as a reliable alternative to direct anthropometry for specific nasal measurements, offering practical benefits in clinical and aesthetic applications. However, it has limitations, such as moderate reliability in measuring nasal bridge length and Columellar length, underscoring the necessity for cautious interpretations for specific parameters. Further research is recommended to improve precision and applicability, while addressing limitations like sensitivity to imaging distortion and also incorporating the 3D technique to enhance the robustness of the methodology; the absence of 3D is a benchmark.
A comparative study of neuropharmacological properties of Tabernaemontana divaricata (Apocynaceae) leaves extracts in a Swiss albino mouse model
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Reddy, Konatham Teja Kumar; Gupta, Jeetendra Kumar; P., Prabitha; Mubeen, M.; Syed, Sabeena Hussain; Dhunmati, K.; Bodapati, Anoop; Taru, Poonam Popatrao; Krosuri, Pavankumar; Prasad, P. Dharani
Introduction and aim. Interest in natural products and nutraceuticals for the treatment of mental diseases such as anxiety, stress, sadness, and psychosis has increased due to their high safety index and cost. The primary objective of this work was to analyze the neuropharmacological attributes of leaf extracts of Tabernaemontana divaricata using models from Swiss albino mice. Material and methods. Methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from authenticated T. divaricata leaves. Experiments were conducted on 170 mice to evaluate the effects of thiopental sodium on sleeping time, hole cross, hole board, and open field behaviors. The duration of sleep caused by thiopental sodium was assessed at several doses, including 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of body weight. Additionally, doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight were used in the remaining tests. Results. All extracts significantly increased thiopental-induced sleeping time in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum effects observed at 200 mg/kg (methanol: 684.77%, acetone: 655.63%, ethyl acetate: 666.89%). Locomotor and exploratory behaviors were reduced in all behavioral models, including a significant decrease in head dips and square crossings (p<0.01), supporting central nervous system depressant activity. Conclusion. The study reveals that extracts of T. divaricata exhibit depressive and hypnotic effects on the central nervous sys tem, indicating the need for further research.
Evaluation of hormonal and adipokine biomarkers in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome – a case-control study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Alredha, Redha Dawud Abd; Haddawi, Krarr Haider; Al-Hayali, Wisal Raoof; Yaseen, Bushra Raouf
Introduction and aim. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder that significantly affects women of reproductive ages. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of hormonal biomarkers such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total and free testosterone, ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, and adipokines, including visfatin and kisspeptin, in distinguishing PCOS patients from healthy controls. Material and methods. In this case-control study, 50 women diagnosed with PCOS were compared with 50 controls of the same age. Demographic and clinical data were collected through structured interviews and physical examinations. Physical activity levels was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form as well as anthropometric measurements were performed using a calibrated digital scale Seca 803. Blood samples were analyzed for AMH, total and free testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, visfatin, and kisspeptin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. PCOS patients exhibited significantly higher levels of AMH (8.1±2.3 ng/mL vs. 4.07±1.1 ng/mL, p<0.001), Free testosterone (4.55±0.95 pg/mL vs. 2.47±0.46 pg/mL, p<0.001), visfatin (86.6±11.02 ng/mL vs. 49.53±10.25 ng/mL, p<0.001), and kisspeptin (9.88±1.96 ng/mL vs. 4.84±1.07 ng/mL, p<0.001) compared to controls. Logistic regression showed that elevated levels of AMH (odds ratio [OR]=2.95, p=0.0056), visfatin (OR=1.7, p=0.0043) and kisspeptin (OR=18.3, p=0.0015) were strongly associated with PCOS. Conclusion. These findings confirmed the significant role of AMH, testosterone, visfatin, and kisspeptin in the diagnosis of PCOS. Integration of adipokine markers, particularly visfatin and kisspeptin, with traditional hormonal markers enhances diagnostic accuracy.
A study of several hematological and immunological parameters of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Abed, Gadder Osama; Ali, Baida Rihan
Introduction and aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammation that damages the joints and causes disability. In RA, glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate hematological and immunological parameters, including interleukin-24 (IL-24), interleukin-32 (IL-32), and rheumatoid factor (RF), in patients with RA, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or both, and to assess their interrelationships. Material and methods. A case-control study on RA and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah Education Hospital with 100 blood samples collected from patients, divided into four groups. Complete blood counts (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), RF, IL-24, and IL-32 levels were measured using automated analyzers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Patients with both diseases showed elevated ESR (p<0.001) and RF (p<0.01). RA patients increased significantly in ESR and RF, but there was no statistically significant difference in RF in type 2 diabetic patients. IL-24 was not statistically significantly increased in RA patients. IL-32 levels increased significantly in type 2 diabetes (p=0.02), while RA showed no significant difference. Conclusion. Patients with RA have elevated levels of IL-32 expression and has a positive correlation with indicators of RA activity indicators such as ESR and RF. An increase in IL-24 and IL-32 in RA patients indicates a positive correlation between IL-24 and IL-32. Diabetic patients exhibit significantly elevated pro-inflammatory properties of IL-32.
The effect of hypnotic suggestion on labor market attachment, functioning, and cognition after brain injury – a randomized controlled trial
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Pedersen, Pernille; Løvshall, Claus; Stapelfeldt, Christina Malmose; Nielsen, Claus Vinther; Lindeløv, Jonas Kristoffer
Introduction and aim. Cognitive impairments after acquired brain injury (ABI) or concussion significantly affect work capacity. While hypnotic suggestion has shown promise in improving working memory and work ability, studies on its long-term effects on labor market attachment and cognition are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term effect of hypnotic suggestion on labor market attachment, cognition, and functioning following acquired brain injury or concussion. Material and methods. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at a municipal vocational rehabilitation center in Denmark, among 87 patients aged 18 to 62 years who experienced ABI or concussion at least 6 months prior to the first therapy session. The study group were randomized according to the applied intervention: usual care (n=28), hypnosis (n=30) or mindfulness (n=29). Participants underwent baseline and 6-month follow-up assessments involving The Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization (DREAM), The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV), Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire (IPA), The Working Memory Questionnaire and Trial Making Test related to working memory and functioning, assessing three dimensions: short-term storage, attention, and executive control. Results. The primary outcome was the average number of weeks employed during the 12–24-month period post-inclusion. The mean number of weeks employed was 32.71 (SD: 22.31) in the usual care group, 35.97 (SD: 21.58) in the hypnosis group, and 32.90 (SD: 22.44) in the mindfulness group. All intervention groups had exhibited a working memory score of around 90, which improved to a range of 91 to 95 at the 6-month follow-up. No significant differences were found between the groups. Conclusion. Brief hypnotic treatment at a municipal vocational rehabilitation center for people with ABI and concussion showed no significant advantage over mindfulness or usual care in labor market attachment, cognition, or family functioning. However, participants in the hypnosis group demonstrated improved social functioning at the 6-month follow-up compared to usual care.
Silica nanoparticles from melon seed husk improves atherogenic, hematologic and oxidative stress indices in male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to Ni, Al and Ni/Al mixtures
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Anyachor, Chidinma P.; Dokubo, Awolayeofori; Ajibo, Doris N.; Dooka, Baridoo Donatus; Ugwu, Theresa C.; Husaini, Danladi C.; Orisakwe, Orish E.
Introduction and aim. With the increased awareness from circular bioeconomy that focuses on ‘no waste’ generation mantra, various technologies have been developed to valorize these wastes into useful products, including melon seed husk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of silica nanoparticles from melon seed husk (SiNPs MSH) against Ni, Al, and Ni/Al mixture-induced hematotoxicity and lipotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Material and methods. Fifty-six male Sprague Dawley, 6 to 8 weeks and weighing 220 to 250 g, were randomly allocated to eight groups (n=7). Group 1 received deionized water only (control), groups 2, 3 and 4 (exposed groups) received the Ni/Al mixture, 0.2 mg/kg Ni and 1.0 mg/kg Al, while groups 5 to 8 received the Ni/Al mixture, Ni, and Al plus 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of SiNPs respectively for 90 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical investigation. Results. Ni, Al and Ni/Al groups showed significant (p<0.05) alteration (p <0.05) in the classic lipid profile, hematological and oxidative stress markers compared to the control. Co-administration with SiNPs did not show significant (p>0.05) difference in these parameters compared to the control. Conclusion. MSH SiNPs reversed Ni, Al, and Ni/Al mixture mediated hemotoxicity and elevated superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione probably via metal chelation.
Correlation between serum gamma glutamyl transferase with atherogenic index of plasma with angiographic severity in patients with coronary artery disease
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Raveekumaran, Vignessh; Prasath, Arun; Masilamani, Sivasankar; Mary, Jenifer Florence
Introduction and aim. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. The aim of the study was to study the correlation between serum GGT and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with angiographic severity in patients with CAD. Material and methods. This was an analytical cross-sectional study performed in 150 CAD patients in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. The patients were categorized as ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevated MI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina. Routine biomarkers including troponin-I, AIP, GGT, and angiographic severity were calculated by applying a Gensini score (GS). Results. The mean age of the study participants was 55.7±10.2 years, predominantly males. The GGT and GS was higher in STEMI group followed by NSTEMI and unstable angina groups (p<0.001 and 0.016, respectively). This indicates that GGT could be a potential biomarker for CAD, specifically in STEMI. AIP was shown to be statistically significant in unstable angina patients (p=0.029). GGT and GS showed a positive correlation with each other, and were statistically significant (r=0.1685, p=0.0387). Conclusion. Elevated serum GGT levels were positively correlated with angiographic severity of CAD with stronger associations in patients who had STEMI.
Assessing the impact of sleeve gastrectomy on micronutrient levels and inflammatory markers – a case-control study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Ajeed, Abbas Mosad; Naif, Nabaa Hassan; Farag, Aliaa Hashim; Mohsein, Osama A.
Introduction and aim. Sleeve gastrectomy has become one of the most common surgical procedures in the world recently, due to its role in promoting weight loss and reducing the risk of obesity-related diseases. This study aims to determine the levels of inflammatory and nutritional factors in patients undergoing gastric sleeve surgery. Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted including 150 patients who underwent gastric sleeve surgery and 50 healthy participants as a control group. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 45–65 years with a BMI ≥35 kg/m². Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, interferon-gamma, IL-10, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum amyloid A, iron, ferritin, calcium, and vitamin D3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The study revealed that the control group (22.8±3.6 kg/m²) had a significantly reduced BMI compared to the patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (35.5±7.1 kg/m², (p<0.001). Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α, and FBG were seen in the postoperative group, although adiponectin levels were dramatically reduced (p<0.001). Furthermore, the postoperative patients manifested significantly reduced levels of iron, calcium, and vitamin D3, suggesting a profound insufficiency in these vital nutrients and their possible consequences on their long-term well-being. Conclusion. The study results indicate that patients who underwent gastric sleeve surgery had significantly lower levels of iron, ferritin, calcium, and vitamin D3, compared to the control group. This is due to the effect of surgery on the absorption of nutrients, which causes a deficiency in vitamins and minerals necessary for bone and body health.
Evaluation of lipid profile, malondialdehyde, hemoglobin and ferritin in Iraqi women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Shenta, Ashwaq A.; Al-Maliki, Abbas D.M.; Abou-Turab, Mufid K.
Introduction and aim. The concept of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a biochemical complex statement that affects many young and adult females (single and married). This case presents a variety of medical and biological concerns related to the reproductive system. The aim of the study was to investigate and estimate the levels of the lipid profile, malondialdehyde, hemoglobin and ferritin in women with PCOS. Material and methods. Blood samples were collected from 180 women who were divided into 100 PCOS patients and 80 healthy women according to the variables of age and body mass index. Triglycerides (TG) levels were measured in blood sera by spectrophotometric method, total cholesterol (TC) levels were estimated using enzymatic methods and the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was determined by the HDL-phosphotungstic acid precipitation method. Results. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins recorded a highly significant increase (p<0.001) whereas high-density lipoproteins decreased significantly (p<0.001) in women with PCOS women when compared to the control group depending on age and body mass index variables. The results showed that hemoglobin, ferritin and malondialdehyde levels increased significantly (p<0.001) in female PCOS compared to the healthy group according to age and body mass index variables. Conclusion. The importance of thorough medical management of PCOS includes minimizing oxidative stress, metabolic function, and lipid profiles for avoidance of chronic health conditions.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) from English to Marathi – assessing reliability, validity, and cross-cultural equivalence
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kulkarni, Sharvari J.; Lima de Melo Ghisi, Gabriela; Jaiswal, Varoon C.; Pawar, Pournima; Kharatmal, Deepali R.; Kangude, Mithali M.
Introduction and aim. The DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) is a self-administered tool created to evaluate disease-related knowledge and knowledge of five core components of rehabilitation: exercise, diet, psychological well-being, self-management and complications. The aim was to translate and adapt the DATE-Q into Marathi language and to evaluate the validity and reliability among diabetes and prediabetic patients. Material and methods. The study was carried out following standard stepwise Beaton and COSMIN guidelines to complete the translation and psychometric validation of the questionnaire. The pre-final version was evaluated in 30 individuals with diabetes or prediabetes. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed among 200 individuals with type 2 diabetes using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients respectively. Results. The original and translated versions did not conceptually differ from each other. DATE-Q has ten elements that were culturally adjusted. Based on suggestions from the expert group and the results of the pilot tests, cross-cultural modifications were made. The value of 0.935 for Cronbach’s alpha shows a very high level of internal consistency. For single and average measures, the intraclass correlation coefficient is 0.985 and 0.993 resp. which indicates an excellent level of reliability. Conclusion. The DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating knowledge among Marathi-speaking patients.
Morphological and genetic identification of yeasts from skin and oral infection in children in the Basrah province
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) AL-Mosawi, Fatima T. M.; Abu-Mejdad, Najwa M. J. A.; Al-Hilfi, Athraa A. A.
Introduction and aim. Human fungus infections are widespread and can lead to a variety of diseases in children. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify yeasts from various places in children, including skin (diaper area) and oral cavity, utilizing morphological and molecular approaches for precise categorization. Material and methods. One hundred swabs were collected from children clinically diagnosed with fungal skin infections. The isolated yeast species were examined, purified, and morphologically. The sequences have been deposited in GenBank of Japan as new strains under accession numbers LC790886 to LC79098. including Candida albicans, Pichia kudriavzevii, Magnusiomces capitatus, Nakaseomyces glabratus, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida tropicalis, Meyerozyma guiliermonolii, Clavispora lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Trichosporon ashii. The isolates were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol, and species identification was carried out using CHROMagar Candida medium and lactophenol cotton blue staining. Molecular identification was performed using PCR amplification of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, followed by DNA sequencing. Results. The presence of 10 yeast species, with C. albicans 56% representing the highest percentage of these, while the percentage of other yeasts was 44%. The Candida species was found to have the highest percentage of occurrence, 58% followed by the C. tropicalis species, 19%, which had a lower percentage of occurrence. Conclusion. The phenotypical and genetic characteristics of yeast have been identified by the use of clinically isolated samples of children.
Risk factors for ischemic stroke in the elderly in Morocco – a case-control study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Arzoug, Hafid; Loubna, Chouaf; Amine, Baba Med; Lahoucine, Amsdar; Adali, Nawal
Introduction and aim. Ischemic strokes occur most frequently in the elderly (more than 80%). This study aimed to determine the risk factors for ischemic stroke in elderly subjects in the Souss Massa region of southern Morocco. Material and methods. Two hundred and thirteen cases and four hundred and thirty-two controls of the same age (76.51±2 years vs. 73.90±2 years) and sex were collected. Cases were selected from patients with ischemic stroke hospitalized in the neurology department of the regional hospital Souss Massa. All risk factors have been documented from interviews and review of patient medical records. Results. Multivariate regression analysis showed that low-income families (odds ratios [OR]=4.19, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 2.886–6.09, p<0.001), residence area (urban OR=9.408, 95% CI 4.7133–18.778, p<0.001), high blood pressure (OR=62.984, 95% CI 26.7374–148.367, p<0.001), diabetes (OR=18.138, 95% CI 5.2320–62.880, p<0.001), are risk factors for ischemic stroke. On the contrary, health insurance (OR=0.295, 95% CI 0.1513–0.577, p<0.001) and marital status (in couple OR=0.448, 95% CI 0.284–0.708, p<0.001) are protective factors. Conclusion. In addition to traditional risk factors of ischemic strokes such as high blood pressure and diabetes, low-income family as well as lack of health insurance and marital status (living with a partner) require particular attention. Integrating these new factors into public health strategies could significantly reduce the risk of stroke in the elderly.
D-dimer as a potential biomarker in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Patel, Anish V.; Tyagi, Mayurika S.; Mittal, Adreena; Chandra, Sumit; Kausar, Hina; Dhandayuthapani, Sivanesan
Introduction and aim. Despite signs of drop in tuberculosis in the middle of the twentieth century, up to 75% of men were smokers at that time, which contributed to the epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the latter half of the century. The present study was conducted with the main focus of establishing a relation between D-dimer and lung function in patients with COPD. Material and methods. A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study involved 108 subjects, divided into 54 cases (COPD patients) and 54 healthy controls (41-80 years old). The dry volume spirometer was used to assess the lung health of the study population. D-dimer assay was performed on peripheral blood drawn from study subjects using the second generation latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay on the Diagon Fully Automatic COAG XL Coagulation Analyzer. Results. Spirometry tests revealed COPD patients showing reduced lung function (42.59% with normal, 51.85% with mild, and 5.56% with moderate degree of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity). Patients with COPD under different age groups and both the genders showed an elevated level (p<0.05) of D-dimer in correlation with the spirometry measurements. Conclusion. The D-dimer is promising plasma biomarker which demonstrated a strong correlation with the spirometry measurements and different morphological categories in patients with COPD. The D-dimer could serve as a reliable biomarker for validating and confirming the various morphological classifications among individuals with COPD.
Cytopathological diagnoses obtained in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration – a single-center one-year analysis
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Zając, Paweł; Kądziołka, Wojciech; Kaznowska, Ewa
Introduction and aim. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) is a widely adopted technique that replaces mediastinoscopy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions, significantly improving patient safety. This study assesses its diagnostic effectiveness and compares procedural quality with the existing literature, in order to identify characteristics of the patient population referred to the center. Material and methods. During a year-long retrospective analysis, data from 312 EBUS-FNA procedures were collected, resulting in a final study group of 274 patients. For patients initially without a definitive diagnosis, reinterventions were conducted, typically with additional EBUS or tissue biopsy, followed by precise statistical analyses and calculations. Results. The sensitivity of the EBUS examination to detect sarcoidosis, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lymphoproliferative disorders was determined to be 87.36%, 87.23%, 91.30% and 20%, respectively, based on false negative findings. Among patients who received a final diagnosis (n=237), a significant majority, i.e. 206 individuals or 86.92%, obtained it based on the first intervention. Conclusion. EBUS-TBNA is an effective method to diagnose the cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, allowing for a definitive diagnosis in a significant majority of patients in the first intervention and showing high sensitivity in detecting metastatic malignant lymph node involvement and sarcoidosis.
Plasma KIM-1 and interleukin-18 are superior biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying risk in type 1 acute cardiorenal syndrome
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Alredha, Redha Dawud Abd; Farman, Hassan Ali; Haddawi, Krarr Haider
Introduction and aim. Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a condition in which acute cardiac dysfunction leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in acute CRS compared to acute heart failure (AHF) and healthy controls. Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted with 90 participants divided into three groups: control (n=30), AHF (n=30), and acute CRS (n=30). Renal function parameters (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate) and plasma biomarkers (KIM-1, IL-18) were measured. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of disease outcomes. Results. Plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the acute CRS group than in the AHF and control groups. KIM-1 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (the area under the curve (AUC)=1.000) with 100% sensitivity and specificity, while IL-18 also performed well (AUC=0.96, sensitivity=96%, specificity=97%). ROC analysis identified plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 cut-off values of >72.78 pg/mL and >254.8 pg/mL, respectively, which may be used as thresholds for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma KIM-1 was a significant predictor of adverse outcomes (OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.50–8.49, p=0.003), while IL-18 also contributed to risk stratification (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.125, p=0.03). These adverse outcomes included progression to kidney disease. However, these findings require validation in an independent cohort to confirm reproducibility and generalizability. Conclusion. KIM-1 and IL-18 are highly effective biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying the risk of acute CRS, outperforming traditional markers of renal function. Their clinical integration could enable early detection and personalized treatment, thus improving patient outcomes. However, more studies with larger cohorts, serial measurements, and independent validation are warranted.
Radiological evaluation of the normal patella position using the Insall-Salvati ratio
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025) Ominde, Beryl Shitandi; Enaohwo, Mamerhi Taniyohwo; Erabocha, Onajite Gloria; Jeremiah, Ogheneyole; Ikubor, Joyce E; Omoro, Orovwoghene Faithful; Igbigbi, Patrick Sunday
Introduction and aim. Normal patellofemoral relationship relies on the patella’s location which is vital in the knee’s stability and biomechanics. This research aimed to determine the normal Insall Salvati Ratio (ISR) and the cut-off values that will be useful for diagnosing patella alta and baja in Delta State in Nigeria. Material and methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the Insall-Salvati Ratio by dividing the patella tendon length by the patella length. These lengths were measured on lateral knee radiographs of 300 patients (149 males, 151 females) aged 20 years and older using digital calipers calibrated in cm. Results. With exception to the ISR, the measured variables showed sexual dimorphism and a significant weak negative association with age (p<0.05). Based on the international ISR cut-off values (<0.8 and >1.2), the prevalence of patella baja and alta was 15 (5%) and 64 (21.3%) respectively using the calculated cut-off values (<0.73 and >1.41). A lower prevalence of 6 (2%) and 9 (3%) were recorded correspondingly. Conclusion. The normal ISR cut-offs provided by this study will aid radiologists and orthopedic specialists in Delta State, Nigeria to precisely diagnose patella alta and baja and ensure proper restoration of the knee’s stability and biomechanics as well as minimizing complications.
Factors affecting prognosis in high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer in according to ESMO/ESGO/ESTRO risk classification – FIGO 2023 analysis of survival outcomes and staging dynamics compared to the FIGO 2009 system
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Guleryuz, Eren Can; Korpe, Busra; Korkmaz, Vakkas
Introduction and aim. Accurate staging is essential for determining treatment strategies and predicting outcomes in endometrial cancer (EC). The FIGO staging system was updated in 2023 to incorporate histological and molecular features. This study evaluates the impact of the FIGO 2023 system on high-intermediate risk endometrioid EC cases and compares its prognostic value with the FIGO 2009 system. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 140 high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer cases from two tertiary hospitals was conducted. Patients were reclassified using FIGO 2023, and staging shifts were analyzed. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results. Within this high-intermediate risk group, patients were stratified into three groups: group 1 (n=79) consisted of those with LVSI (+) Stage I, group 2 (n=17) included patients with LVSI (-) Stage IB grade 3, and group 3 (n=44) comprised individuals with Stage II. Based on age, a statistically significant difference was identified between group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05), while no statistically significant difference in BMI was observed among the groups (p>0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference among the groups concerning the type of surgery performed (p<0.05) Although no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes was observed, a trend toward improved risk stratification in OS was noted. Positive lymphovascular space invasion emerged as a key factor influencing upstaging. Conclusion. FIGO 2023 provides a refined staging approach that better aligns with clinical outcomes. Larger prospective studies incorporating molecular profiling are needed to confirm its prognostic utility.
A comparative study on the utility of biomarkers – serum interleukin-13 against serum immunoglobulin E in assessing the severity of asthma
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Raju, Prasanna; Sundar, Subash; Suresh, Preethi; Thulukanam, Jayaprakash; Srinivasan, Padmanaban
Introduction and aim. Asthma is a complex respiratory condition with fluctuating symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-13 induces various biological responses, including B-cell immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil chemo-attractants, and mucus-secreting goblet cell maturation. B-cell immunoglobulin E antibodies are essential for the onset and propagation of the inflammatory cascade, triggering the allergic response. The aim was to compare the utility of biomarkers – serum IL-13 against serum IgE in assessing the severity of asthma. Material and methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 68 asthmatic children aged 6–12 years and 68 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Asthma severity was assessed using spirometry and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on GINA guidelines. Serum IL-13 and IgE levels were measured using validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The study confirmed elevated levels of serum IL-13 and IgE in children with asthma compared to the control group, suggesting their involvement in the development of asthma (p<0.001). The threshold values for identifying the existence of asthma were 1.86 pg/mL for IL-13 and 314 ng/ml for IgE. The IL-13 level could accurately classify asthmatic children as having either moderate or severe asthma, using a cut-off value of ≥2.66 pg/mL, with a statistically significant p=0.001. However, no such results were observed with IgE. Conclusion. Bronchial asthma patients had markedly higher levels of total IgE and IL-13 compared to the healthy controls included in the study. Furthermore, it has been shown that IL-13 plays a role in discerning the extent of asthma severity.
The pleiotropic effects of liraglutide in obesity-linked diseases
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kozdrowicki, Michał; Kaleta, Konrad; Kajtel, Aleksandra; Tekieli, Beata; Kęska, Mateusz; Lorkowska-Zawicka, Barbara; Bujak-Giżycka, Beata
Introduction and aim. Obesity, defined by a BMI ≥30 kg/m², is a global epidemic associated with increased mortality rates and an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Such diseases include type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), besides several mental health disorders. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue, is widely recognized for its efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss and this review aims to explore the pleiotropic effects of liraglutide in obesity-related diseases. Material and methods. Literature search was performed between 2022 and 2024 using the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar. The comprehensive review of the literature focused on the action of liraglutide on NAFLD/ NASH, CVD, mental disorders, and PCOS. A qualitative synthesis of the data focusing on efficacy of liraglutide in obesity-related disease outcomes was performed. Analysis of the literature. Liraglutide improves metabolic outcomes by promoting weight loss, reducing appetite, and improv ing glycemic control. In NAFLD/NASH, liraglutide reduces intrahepatic fat, liver fibrosis, and inflammation that strongly relate to the degree of weight loss. The LEADER trial showed its cardiovascular benefits in terms of reducing all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, although its chronotropic effects may pose risks in patients with heart fail ure. In women with PCOS, liraglutide reduces hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and body weight, and thus has even more favorable effects compared with metformin. Liraglutide also counteracts antipsychotic-induced weight gain and improves metabolic markers in patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion. Liraglutide demonstrates significant pleiotropic effects apart from weight reduction, including improved hepatic metabolism, cardiovascular protection, and better outcomes in PCOS and mental health. While semaglutide and tirzepatide may offer enhanced efficacy, liraglutide remains a promising therapeutic option for managing obesity and its related comor bidities.

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Przeglądanie European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.23, z. 2 (2025) według Data dodania