European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.23, z. 2 (2025)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/11570

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Radiological evaluation of the normal patella position using the Insall-Salvati ratio
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025) Ominde, Beryl Shitandi; Enaohwo, Mamerhi Taniyohwo; Erabocha, Onajite Gloria; Jeremiah, Ogheneyole; Ikubor, Joyce E; Omoro, Orovwoghene Faithful; Igbigbi, Patrick Sunday
Introduction and aim. Normal patellofemoral relationship relies on the patella’s location which is vital in the knee’s stability and biomechanics. This research aimed to determine the normal Insall Salvati Ratio (ISR) and the cut-off values that will be useful for diagnosing patella alta and baja in Delta State in Nigeria. Material and methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed the Insall-Salvati Ratio by dividing the patella tendon length by the patella length. These lengths were measured on lateral knee radiographs of 300 patients (149 males, 151 females) aged 20 years and older using digital calipers calibrated in cm. Results. With exception to the ISR, the measured variables showed sexual dimorphism and a significant weak negative association with age (p<0.05). Based on the international ISR cut-off values (<0.8 and >1.2), the prevalence of patella baja and alta was 15 (5%) and 64 (21.3%) respectively using the calculated cut-off values (<0.73 and >1.41). A lower prevalence of 6 (2%) and 9 (3%) were recorded correspondingly. Conclusion. The normal ISR cut-offs provided by this study will aid radiologists and orthopedic specialists in Delta State, Nigeria to precisely diagnose patella alta and baja and ensure proper restoration of the knee’s stability and biomechanics as well as minimizing complications.
A comparative study of neuropharmacological properties of Tabernaemontana divaricata (Apocynaceae) leaves extracts in a Swiss albino mouse model
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Reddy, Konatham Teja Kumar; Gupta, Jeetendra Kumar; P., Prabitha; Mubeen, M.; Syed, Sabeena Hussain; Dhunmati, K.; Bodapati, Anoop; Taru, Poonam Popatrao; Krosuri, Pavankumar; Prasad, P. Dharani
Introduction and aim. Interest in natural products and nutraceuticals for the treatment of mental diseases such as anxiety, stress, sadness, and psychosis has increased due to their high safety index and cost. The primary objective of this work was to analyze the neuropharmacological attributes of leaf extracts of Tabernaemontana divaricata using models from Swiss albino mice. Material and methods. Methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from authenticated T. divaricata leaves. Experiments were conducted on 170 mice to evaluate the effects of thiopental sodium on sleeping time, hole cross, hole board, and open field behaviors. The duration of sleep caused by thiopental sodium was assessed at several doses, including 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of body weight. Additionally, doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight were used in the remaining tests. Results. All extracts significantly increased thiopental-induced sleeping time in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum effects observed at 200 mg/kg (methanol: 684.77%, acetone: 655.63%, ethyl acetate: 666.89%). Locomotor and exploratory behaviors were reduced in all behavioral models, including a significant decrease in head dips and square crossings (p<0.01), supporting central nervous system depressant activity. Conclusion. The study reveals that extracts of T. divaricata exhibit depressive and hypnotic effects on the central nervous sys tem, indicating the need for further research.
Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) from English to Marathi – assessing reliability, validity, and cross-cultural equivalence
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kulkarni, Sharvari J.; Lima de Melo Ghisi, Gabriela; Jaiswal, Varoon C.; Pawar, Pournima; Kharatmal, Deepali R.; Kangude, Mithali M.
Introduction and aim. The DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire (DATE-Q) is a self-administered tool created to evaluate disease-related knowledge and knowledge of five core components of rehabilitation: exercise, diet, psychological well-being, self-management and complications. The aim was to translate and adapt the DATE-Q into Marathi language and to evaluate the validity and reliability among diabetes and prediabetic patients. Material and methods. The study was carried out following standard stepwise Beaton and COSMIN guidelines to complete the translation and psychometric validation of the questionnaire. The pre-final version was evaluated in 30 individuals with diabetes or prediabetes. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed among 200 individuals with type 2 diabetes using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients respectively. Results. The original and translated versions did not conceptually differ from each other. DATE-Q has ten elements that were culturally adjusted. Based on suggestions from the expert group and the results of the pilot tests, cross-cultural modifications were made. The value of 0.935 for Cronbach’s alpha shows a very high level of internal consistency. For single and average measures, the intraclass correlation coefficient is 0.985 and 0.993 resp. which indicates an excellent level of reliability. Conclusion. The DiAbeTes Education Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating knowledge among Marathi-speaking patients.
Morphological and genetic identification of yeasts from skin and oral infection in children in the Basrah province
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) AL-Mosawi, Fatima T. M.; Abu-Mejdad, Najwa M. J. A.; Al-Hilfi, Athraa A. A.
Introduction and aim. Human fungus infections are widespread and can lead to a variety of diseases in children. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify yeasts from various places in children, including skin (diaper area) and oral cavity, utilizing morphological and molecular approaches for precise categorization. Material and methods. One hundred swabs were collected from children clinically diagnosed with fungal skin infections. The isolated yeast species were examined, purified, and morphologically. The sequences have been deposited in GenBank of Japan as new strains under accession numbers LC790886 to LC79098. including Candida albicans, Pichia kudriavzevii, Magnusiomces capitatus, Nakaseomyces glabratus, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida tropicalis, Meyerozyma guiliermonolii, Clavispora lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Trichosporon ashii. The isolates were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol, and species identification was carried out using CHROMagar Candida medium and lactophenol cotton blue staining. Molecular identification was performed using PCR amplification of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, followed by DNA sequencing. Results. The presence of 10 yeast species, with C. albicans 56% representing the highest percentage of these, while the percentage of other yeasts was 44%. The Candida species was found to have the highest percentage of occurrence, 58% followed by the C. tropicalis species, 19%, which had a lower percentage of occurrence. Conclusion. The phenotypical and genetic characteristics of yeast have been identified by the use of clinically isolated samples of children.
Factors affecting prognosis in high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer in according to ESMO/ESGO/ESTRO risk classification – FIGO 2023 analysis of survival outcomes and staging dynamics compared to the FIGO 2009 system
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Guleryuz, Eren Can; Korpe, Busra; Korkmaz, Vakkas
Introduction and aim. Accurate staging is essential for determining treatment strategies and predicting outcomes in endometrial cancer (EC). The FIGO staging system was updated in 2023 to incorporate histological and molecular features. This study evaluates the impact of the FIGO 2023 system on high-intermediate risk endometrioid EC cases and compares its prognostic value with the FIGO 2009 system. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 140 high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer cases from two tertiary hospitals was conducted. Patients were reclassified using FIGO 2023, and staging shifts were analyzed. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results. Within this high-intermediate risk group, patients were stratified into three groups: group 1 (n=79) consisted of those with LVSI (+) Stage I, group 2 (n=17) included patients with LVSI (-) Stage IB grade 3, and group 3 (n=44) comprised individuals with Stage II. Based on age, a statistically significant difference was identified between group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05), while no statistically significant difference in BMI was observed among the groups (p>0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference among the groups concerning the type of surgery performed (p<0.05) Although no statistically significant difference in survival outcomes was observed, a trend toward improved risk stratification in OS was noted. Positive lymphovascular space invasion emerged as a key factor influencing upstaging. Conclusion. FIGO 2023 provides a refined staging approach that better aligns with clinical outcomes. Larger prospective studies incorporating molecular profiling are needed to confirm its prognostic utility.
The pleiotropic effects of liraglutide in obesity-linked diseases
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Kozdrowicki, Michał; Kaleta, Konrad; Kajtel, Aleksandra; Tekieli, Beata; Kęska, Mateusz; Lorkowska-Zawicka, Barbara; Bujak-Giżycka, Beata
Introduction and aim. Obesity, defined by a BMI ≥30 kg/m², is a global epidemic associated with increased mortality rates and an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. Such diseases include type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), besides several mental health disorders. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue, is widely recognized for its efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss and this review aims to explore the pleiotropic effects of liraglutide in obesity-related diseases. Material and methods. Literature search was performed between 2022 and 2024 using the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar. The comprehensive review of the literature focused on the action of liraglutide on NAFLD/ NASH, CVD, mental disorders, and PCOS. A qualitative synthesis of the data focusing on efficacy of liraglutide in obesity-related disease outcomes was performed. Analysis of the literature. Liraglutide improves metabolic outcomes by promoting weight loss, reducing appetite, and improv ing glycemic control. In NAFLD/NASH, liraglutide reduces intrahepatic fat, liver fibrosis, and inflammation that strongly relate to the degree of weight loss. The LEADER trial showed its cardiovascular benefits in terms of reducing all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, although its chronotropic effects may pose risks in patients with heart fail ure. In women with PCOS, liraglutide reduces hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and body weight, and thus has even more favorable effects compared with metformin. Liraglutide also counteracts antipsychotic-induced weight gain and improves metabolic markers in patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion. Liraglutide demonstrates significant pleiotropic effects apart from weight reduction, including improved hepatic metabolism, cardiovascular protection, and better outcomes in PCOS and mental health. While semaglutide and tirzepatide may offer enhanced efficacy, liraglutide remains a promising therapeutic option for managing obesity and its related comor bidities.
Silica nanoparticles from melon seed husk improves atherogenic, hematologic and oxidative stress indices in male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to Ni, Al and Ni/Al mixtures
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Anyachor, Chidinma P.; Dokubo, Awolayeofori; Ajibo, Doris N.; Dooka, Baridoo Donatus; Ugwu, Theresa C.; Husaini, Danladi C.; Orisakwe, Orish E.
Introduction and aim. With the increased awareness from circular bioeconomy that focuses on ‘no waste’ generation mantra, various technologies have been developed to valorize these wastes into useful products, including melon seed husk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of silica nanoparticles from melon seed husk (SiNPs MSH) against Ni, Al, and Ni/Al mixture-induced hematotoxicity and lipotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Material and methods. Fifty-six male Sprague Dawley, 6 to 8 weeks and weighing 220 to 250 g, were randomly allocated to eight groups (n=7). Group 1 received deionized water only (control), groups 2, 3 and 4 (exposed groups) received the Ni/Al mixture, 0.2 mg/kg Ni and 1.0 mg/kg Al, while groups 5 to 8 received the Ni/Al mixture, Ni, and Al plus 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of SiNPs respectively for 90 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical investigation. Results. Ni, Al and Ni/Al groups showed significant (p<0.05) alteration (p <0.05) in the classic lipid profile, hematological and oxidative stress markers compared to the control. Co-administration with SiNPs did not show significant (p>0.05) difference in these parameters compared to the control. Conclusion. MSH SiNPs reversed Ni, Al, and Ni/Al mixture mediated hemotoxicity and elevated superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione probably via metal chelation.
Implications of labor analgesia on labor outcomes – a systematic review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Tehalia, Manpreet Kaur; Agarwal, Shubhra; Lalwani, Astha
Introduction and aim. Labor analgesia is a key component in ensuring maternal comfort during childbirth and impacts several maternal and neonatal outcomes. The selection of pharmacological and nonpharmacological analgesic methods significantly affects labor progression, delivery methods, neonatal health, and maternal satisfaction. This systematic review sought to assess the implications of labor analgesia on these outcomes by synthesizing evidence from various study designs. Material and methods. Searches on the following electronic databases comprehensively: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL; Using Boolean operators and MeSH terms, six studies were included. These comprised randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and observational studies that assessed maternal and newborn outcomes in the presence of labor analgesia. Data on types of analgesia, onset times, maternal hemodynamic outcomes, labor durations, delivery modes, neonatal Apgar scores, adverse events and maternal satisfaction were extracted. The exclusion criteria were studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, such as reviews, editorials, and non-human studies. Analysis of the literature. The analysis involved a wide range of studies employing analgesia methods such as epidural, com bined spinal-epidural (CSE), programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), and non-pharmacological interventions. Ropiva caine (0.1–0.2%) with fentanyl (7.5–25 µg/mL) was the most commonly used combination. The onset times ranged from imme diate to 200 minutes for prolonged durations of PIEB. Labor durations were variable. Some techniques, such as peripheral nerve blocks, reduced second stage labor by 33.8 minutes, whereas epidural analgesia prolonged labor duration in some cohorts. The modes of delivery outcomes were characterized by relatively minimal variations in cesarean rates between techniques, while operative vaginal deliveries were more likely with routine epidurals. Neonatal outcomes were otherwise favorable with nor mal Apgar scores, although some studies reported lower 1 minute Apgar scores with epidurals. Adverse events, such as motor blockade and postdural puncture headaches, were usually technique-dependent and minimal. Maternal satisfaction was high in all methods, with ultrasound-guided CSE, PIEB, and nonpharmacological methods receiving particularly positive feedback. Conclusion. Labor analgesia showed overall safety and efficacy but varied impacts on labor duration, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes with the technique used. Although most of them had high maternal satisfaction and stable maternal he modynamics, some increased operative deliveries or adverse newborn outcomes. These results underscore the importance of tailoring analgesic strategies to individual clinical needs to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Plasma KIM-1 and interleukin-18 are superior biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying risk in type 1 acute cardiorenal syndrome
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Alredha, Redha Dawud Abd; Farman, Hassan Ali; Haddawi, Krarr Haider
Introduction and aim. Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a condition in which acute cardiac dysfunction leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in acute CRS compared to acute heart failure (AHF) and healthy controls. Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted with 90 participants divided into three groups: control (n=30), AHF (n=30), and acute CRS (n=30). Renal function parameters (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate) and plasma biomarkers (KIM-1, IL-18) were measured. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of disease outcomes. Results. Plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the acute CRS group than in the AHF and control groups. KIM-1 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (the area under the curve (AUC)=1.000) with 100% sensitivity and specificity, while IL-18 also performed well (AUC=0.96, sensitivity=96%, specificity=97%). ROC analysis identified plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 cut-off values of >72.78 pg/mL and >254.8 pg/mL, respectively, which may be used as thresholds for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma KIM-1 was a significant predictor of adverse outcomes (OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.50–8.49, p=0.003), while IL-18 also contributed to risk stratification (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.125, p=0.03). These adverse outcomes included progression to kidney disease. However, these findings require validation in an independent cohort to confirm reproducibility and generalizability. Conclusion. KIM-1 and IL-18 are highly effective biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying the risk of acute CRS, outperforming traditional markers of renal function. Their clinical integration could enable early detection and personalized treatment, thus improving patient outcomes. However, more studies with larger cohorts, serial measurements, and independent validation are warranted.
Assessing the impact of sleeve gastrectomy on micronutrient levels and inflammatory markers – a case-control study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Ajeed, Abbas Mosad; Naif, Nabaa Hassan; Farag, Aliaa Hashim; Mohsein, Osama A.
Introduction and aim. Sleeve gastrectomy has become one of the most common surgical procedures in the world recently, due to its role in promoting weight loss and reducing the risk of obesity-related diseases. This study aims to determine the levels of inflammatory and nutritional factors in patients undergoing gastric sleeve surgery. Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted including 150 patients who underwent gastric sleeve surgery and 50 healthy participants as a control group. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 45–65 years with a BMI ≥35 kg/m². Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, interferon-gamma, IL-10, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum amyloid A, iron, ferritin, calcium, and vitamin D3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The study revealed that the control group (22.8±3.6 kg/m²) had a significantly reduced BMI compared to the patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (35.5±7.1 kg/m², (p<0.001). Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α, and FBG were seen in the postoperative group, although adiponectin levels were dramatically reduced (p<0.001). Furthermore, the postoperative patients manifested significantly reduced levels of iron, calcium, and vitamin D3, suggesting a profound insufficiency in these vital nutrients and their possible consequences on their long-term well-being. Conclusion. The study results indicate that patients who underwent gastric sleeve surgery had significantly lower levels of iron, ferritin, calcium, and vitamin D3, compared to the control group. This is due to the effect of surgery on the absorption of nutrients, which causes a deficiency in vitamins and minerals necessary for bone and body health.
Impact of combat trauma on motivational types in military personnel facing life-threatening danger
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Prykhodko, Ihor; Matsehora, Yanina; Larionov, Stanislav; Marushchenko, Kateryna; Rumiantsev, Yurii; Bolshakova, Anastasiia; Bilyk, Olena; Servachak, Olena
Introduction and aim. The motivation of soldiers actively fighting during war is very important. Long-term participation in battles do not have a positive effect on maintaining motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivational types of military personnel with different attitudes toward danger in conditions of a real threat of death after participating in long-term intensive battles. Material and methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among military personnel from the Ukrainian De fense Forces (225 males, 40.73±9.81 years). The Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MSCRPTSD) was used to diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the “Disadaptation Express Questionnaire” (DEQ) to identify signs of a violation of the adaptability of the soldier’s personality, the ‘Resilience to Combat Mental Trauma Questionnaire” (RCMTQ) was used to assess the impact of combat stress, as well as the ‘Perspectives assessment of professional motivation in Military Personnel Questionnaire” (APPMMPQ) for a comprehensive assessment of military personnel, including the attitude to danger in conditions of a real threat of death. Results. The relationships between motivational characteristics of conscious attitude towards danger of military personnel and indicators of posttraumatic stress and resistance to combat mental trauma were determined. Two groups (motivational types) of CAD were identified, to which 214 (95.11%) of the participants were assigned: group 1 with low profile 191 (84.89%) and group 2 with a medium-high profile 23 (10.22%). The profile of negative emotional reactions and states of group 2 was located mainly in the range of 1.5–3.5 points with peaks on the scales of “Anxiety”, “Unwillingness to communicate” and “Irritability”. The profile of subgroup 1.2 was located in the range of 2-4 points and was quite close to the profile of group 2 with peaks on the scales of ‘Anxiety’ and “Distrust of commanders”. Conclusion. A high level of motivation for a conscious attitude toward danger can reduce the risk of injury to military person nel. Unformed or depleted motivation for a conscious attitude to danger under the conditions of a real threat of death of mili tary personnel increases the risk of mental trauma.
A study of several hematological and immunological parameters of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Abed, Gadder Osama; Ali, Baida Rihan
Introduction and aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammation that damages the joints and causes disability. In RA, glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate hematological and immunological parameters, including interleukin-24 (IL-24), interleukin-32 (IL-32), and rheumatoid factor (RF), in patients with RA, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or both, and to assess their interrelationships. Material and methods. A case-control study on RA and type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted at Al-Nasiriyah Education Hospital with 100 blood samples collected from patients, divided into four groups. Complete blood counts (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), RF, IL-24, and IL-32 levels were measured using automated analyzers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Patients with both diseases showed elevated ESR (p<0.001) and RF (p<0.01). RA patients increased significantly in ESR and RF, but there was no statistically significant difference in RF in type 2 diabetic patients. IL-24 was not statistically significantly increased in RA patients. IL-32 levels increased significantly in type 2 diabetes (p=0.02), while RA showed no significant difference. Conclusion. Patients with RA have elevated levels of IL-32 expression and has a positive correlation with indicators of RA activity indicators such as ESR and RF. An increase in IL-24 and IL-32 in RA patients indicates a positive correlation between IL-24 and IL-32. Diabetic patients exhibit significantly elevated pro-inflammatory properties of IL-32.
Correlation between serum gamma glutamyl transferase with atherogenic index of plasma with angiographic severity in patients with coronary artery disease
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Raveekumaran, Vignessh; Prasath, Arun; Masilamani, Sivasankar; Mary, Jenifer Florence
Introduction and aim. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. The aim of the study was to study the correlation between serum GGT and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with angiographic severity in patients with CAD. Material and methods. This was an analytical cross-sectional study performed in 150 CAD patients in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. The patients were categorized as ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevated MI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina. Routine biomarkers including troponin-I, AIP, GGT, and angiographic severity were calculated by applying a Gensini score (GS). Results. The mean age of the study participants was 55.7±10.2 years, predominantly males. The GGT and GS was higher in STEMI group followed by NSTEMI and unstable angina groups (p<0.001 and 0.016, respectively). This indicates that GGT could be a potential biomarker for CAD, specifically in STEMI. AIP was shown to be statistically significant in unstable angina patients (p=0.029). GGT and GS showed a positive correlation with each other, and were statistically significant (r=0.1685, p=0.0387). Conclusion. Elevated serum GGT levels were positively correlated with angiographic severity of CAD with stronger associations in patients who had STEMI.
A comparative study on the utility of biomarkers – serum interleukin-13 against serum immunoglobulin E in assessing the severity of asthma
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Raju, Prasanna; Sundar, Subash; Suresh, Preethi; Thulukanam, Jayaprakash; Srinivasan, Padmanaban
Introduction and aim. Asthma is a complex respiratory condition with fluctuating symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-13 induces various biological responses, including B-cell immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil chemo-attractants, and mucus-secreting goblet cell maturation. B-cell immunoglobulin E antibodies are essential for the onset and propagation of the inflammatory cascade, triggering the allergic response. The aim was to compare the utility of biomarkers – serum IL-13 against serum IgE in assessing the severity of asthma. Material and methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 68 asthmatic children aged 6–12 years and 68 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Asthma severity was assessed using spirometry and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on GINA guidelines. Serum IL-13 and IgE levels were measured using validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The study confirmed elevated levels of serum IL-13 and IgE in children with asthma compared to the control group, suggesting their involvement in the development of asthma (p<0.001). The threshold values for identifying the existence of asthma were 1.86 pg/mL for IL-13 and 314 ng/ml for IgE. The IL-13 level could accurately classify asthmatic children as having either moderate or severe asthma, using a cut-off value of ≥2.66 pg/mL, with a statistically significant p=0.001. However, no such results were observed with IgE. Conclusion. Bronchial asthma patients had markedly higher levels of total IgE and IL-13 compared to the healthy controls included in the study. Furthermore, it has been shown that IL-13 plays a role in discerning the extent of asthma severity.
Antimicrobial activity of ozonated oils and their applications in medicine – a narrative review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Pyatkovskyy, Taras; Pokryshko, Olena
Introduction and aim. Ozonated oils have emerged as promising agents due to their potent antimicrobial properties and broad therapeutic potential across various medical fields. This review aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ozonated oils, focusing on their applications in dermatology, dentistry, ophthalmology, gynecology, and proctology, while addressing their safety profiles and limitations. Material and methods. This review compiles and evaluates peer-reviewed publications on the antibacterial properties and therapeutic uses of ozonated oils. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review by searching through the largest scientific databases using Google Scholar, Google Patents, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed within the last 15 years. Analysis of the literature. Ozonated oils exhibited strong antibacterial effects against a wide range of microorganisms, including those resistant to antibiotics. Their efficacy has been confirmed in treating conditions such as onychomycosis, oral and vaginal candidiasis, and MRSA skin infections, among others. Clinical studies highlight their ability to reduce symptoms and improve outcomes in ophthalmic applications as well. Despite their effectiveness there are limitations which include a lack of long-term safety data, insufficient number of studies conducted on human subjects. Conclusion. Ozonated oils have a lot of potential as antimicrobials that can be used in a variety of medicinal fields. However, further clinical trials are needed to establish their long-term safety and efficacy.
Transient ischemic attacks – the role of arterial spin labelling
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Dinesh, Sreehari; Gupta, Dulari; Murumkar, Vivek; Gorthi, Sankar Prasad
Introduction and aim. Transient ischemic attacks are usually diagnosed by clinical criteria. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) is a noninvasive technique based on magnetic labeling of hydrogen ions in arterial blood with high sensitivity for the detection of oligemic areas in the corresponding cerebral hemisphere to the clinical phenotype. The aim is to demonstrate hypoperfusion using Arterial spin labelling techniques in TIA cases with the objective of intervening with appropriate methods to stop the stroke progression. Description of the cases. The authors analyzed 90 cases of TIA in order to ultimately select four cases of clinical TIA with Arterial spin labelling to test the proof of concept. Case 1. 47-year-old male with transient right-sided limb weakness and corresponding ASL hypoperfusion. Case 2. 57-year-old male with recurrent transient ischemic symptoms and ASL showing hypoperfusion in the right parietal lobe. Case 3. 73-year-old male with a high risk TIA and right parietal hypoperfusion on ASL that evolved into an infarct. Case 4. 30-year-old female with a sensory TIA and hypoperfusion in the right cerebral hemisphere on ASL. The hypothesis is that Arterial spin labelling will be able to demonstrate a penumbra in brain tissue in TIA cases which suggests likely progression to stroke and help in appropriate intervention to stop progression in real time. The following sequences were used during the brain MRI: diffusion-weighted imaging, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, apparent diffusion coefficient, and ASL sequences after written informed consent. Philips Ingenia 3Tesla machine obtains a 3D pseudocontinuous ASL sequence with a color coded map is obtained by Philips Ingenia 3 Tesla machine with a magnet weight of 4600 kg, 90-degree flip angle, and total duration of 3 minutes and 19 seconds. The authors present a series of 4 cases in which patients had clinical TIA and had hypoperfusion on ASL sequence correspond ing to the clinical manifestation depicting the penumbra. ASL hypoperfusion was assessed visually and cerebral blood flow (CBF) data was averaged to develop a visual CBF map. Conclusion. Arterial spin labelling is a novel marker for hypoperfusion that indicates brain parenchyma under threat due to either stenosis in vessels of the cerebral circulation or embolic phenomenon.
Cytopathological diagnoses obtained in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration – a single-center one-year analysis
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Zając, Paweł; Kądziołka, Wojciech; Kaznowska, Ewa
Introduction and aim. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) is a widely adopted technique that replaces mediastinoscopy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions, significantly improving patient safety. This study assesses its diagnostic effectiveness and compares procedural quality with the existing literature, in order to identify characteristics of the patient population referred to the center. Material and methods. During a year-long retrospective analysis, data from 312 EBUS-FNA procedures were collected, resulting in a final study group of 274 patients. For patients initially without a definitive diagnosis, reinterventions were conducted, typically with additional EBUS or tissue biopsy, followed by precise statistical analyses and calculations. Results. The sensitivity of the EBUS examination to detect sarcoidosis, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lymphoproliferative disorders was determined to be 87.36%, 87.23%, 91.30% and 20%, respectively, based on false negative findings. Among patients who received a final diagnosis (n=237), a significant majority, i.e. 206 individuals or 86.92%, obtained it based on the first intervention. Conclusion. EBUS-TBNA is an effective method to diagnose the cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, allowing for a definitive diagnosis in a significant majority of patients in the first intervention and showing high sensitivity in detecting metastatic malignant lymph node involvement and sarcoidosis.
Secondary chondrosarcoma of the iliac bone in a young woman – a rare case report and review of the literature
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) David, Therese; Narla, Swetha Lakshmi; Subramanyan, Annapurneswari; N., Kathiresan
Introduction and aim. Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-forming tumors, with secondary cases rarely arising from osteochondromas. This report presents a case of secondary chondrosarcoma developing from an undiagnosed pelvic osteo chondroma in a young female, emphasizing the importance of early detection and timely intervention. Description of the case. A 28-year-old woman with hip and back pain underwent magnetic resonance imaging, revealing a le sion in the left iliacus muscle with sacroiliac extension. Biopsy confirmed a chondroid neoplasm, and positron emission topog raphy-computed tomography showed minimal metabolic activity. Due to the extensive soft tissue component and recurrence risk, wide local excision was performed. Histology confirmed well-differentiated secondary chondrosarcoma, WHO grade 1 arising from an undiagnosed pre-existing osteochondroma. Conclusion. The described case highlights the critical role of radiological and histopathological evaluation, timely surgical in tervention, and multidisciplinary management for optimal patient outcomes.
Depression scores among pet dog owners
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Daungsupawong, Hinpetch; Wiwanitkit, Viroj
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Przeglądanie European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.23, z. 2 (2025) według Data wydania