European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.21, z. 1 (2023)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/8786

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Role of genetic modification of the PNPLA3 gene in predicting metabolically unhealthy obesity and metabolic associated fatty liver disease in children
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Abaturov, Aleksandr; Nikulina, Anna
Introduction and aim. Single nucleotide variants (SNV) of the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNP-LA3) gene play an important role in hepatic lipid remodeling and lipogenesis de novo, which is associated with the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The aim of the study was to define the contribution of SNV PNPLA3 gene to the development of MUO, complicated by MAFLD in children. Material and methods. 200 obese children aged 6-18 years were examined. The main group (n=118) was represented by children with MUO. The control group (n=82) consolidated of children with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Whole genome sequencing (CeGat) was performed in 31 children of the main and 21 children of the control group. Results. Among obese children, 14 variants of SNV PNPLA3 (rs139051, rs34179073, rs2294918, rs139047, rs779127153, rs2076212, rs738409, rs738408, rs4823173, rs2072906, rs2076213, rs141106484, rs138736228) were identified, including SNV PNPLA3 g.44322818, not described in the dbSNP core database. The role of the following SNV PNPLA3 genotypes in the development of MUO complicated by MAFLD was revealed: rs738409 C/G (Relative risk (RR)=1.71); rs738408 C/T (RR=1.71); rs4823173 G/A (RR=1.57); rs2072906 A/G (RR=1.57) with Sensitivity (Se)=0.63 and Specificity (Sp)=0.72. Conclusion. The contribution to the development of MUO complicated by MAFLD in children is made by the linked association of genotypes: rs738409 C/G, rs738408 C/T, rs4823173 G/A and rs2072906 A/G out of 14 PNPLA3 SNVs diagnosed by us.
Relationship between social media addiction and bodyweight
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Tatar, Selim; Özdemir, Ayşe; Altuntaş, Zeynep Sena; Mercimekçi, Serdar; Aypak, Cenk
Introduction and aim. Social media addiction is increasing rapidly due to the widespread use of smartphones and the availability of the internet. Also, social media addiction constitutes a risk factor for many physical and mental diseases. We aimed to determine the frequency of social media addiction among obese patients. Material and methods. Adult patients who were admitted to the Diet Clinic of a tertiary healthcare hospital in order to lose weight enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including; Social Media Addiction Scale, body mass index (BMI), and demographic information (age, sex) was applied to all participants. Participants were grouped as obese, overweight, and normal weight. Results. A total of 179 patients (mean age: 34.1±12.6 years) enrolled in the study. No difference in sex was found (45.2% women, 47.3% men). Approximately half of the study population was found to be social media addicts. Participants younger than 45 years of age were found to have higher rates of social media addiction (X 2 = 4.26; p<0.05). The frequency of social media addiction was found to increase with increasing BMI (41.7%, 43.6%, and 48%; respectively). Conclusion. Social media addiction is prevalent and it is also more frequent in younger adults. Learning more about social media addiction and its relationship with obesity can decrease its health consequences.
Nurses’ COVID-19 fears and patient safety attitudes in the pandemic
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Efil, Sevda; Turen, Sevda; Demir, Elif
Introduction and aim. The fear experienced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic may threaten patient safety. This study was conducted with the aim of examining nurses’ COVID-19 fears and attitudes to patient safety in the pandemic. Material and methods. The research had a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 245 nurses working at a teaching and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey’s most populous province. Research data were collected in June–July 2021. A Nurse Characteristics Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire were used to collect data. The data evaluation was performed using descriptive statistics, Student t test, one-way variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis. Results. The nurses’ mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 16.67±6.88, and their mean score for patient safety attitude was 141.70±27.78. Their COVID-19 fear levels and mean patient safety attitude scores were found to differ according to their intention to leave the job, their education on COVID-19 and their age. Conclusion. Nurses’ experiencing of physical, social and psychological problems relating to the COVID-19 pandemic should be followed up in the long term.
Attitudes towards complementary medicine practices among patients admitted to a primary care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Gökgöz Durmaz, Funda; Cihan, Fatma Gökşin; Kızmaz, Muhammet
Introduction and aim. The use of complementary medicine applications is increasing due to the interest of society. We aimed to assess the attitudes, behaviors, and awareness of the patients who applied to a primary care unit towards complementary medicine practices. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 562 individuals who admitted in a primary care unit. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews through a research questionnaire form and the Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitudes Scale between 20 June-20 August 2021. The sample size was calculated with the OpenEpi v3.01program and statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS-24 package program. Results. Their mean age was 39.73±12.95 years and women accounted for 55.5% (n=312) of all participants. The most known complementary medicine methods were phytotherapy, acupuncture, and cup therapy. The information sources of the participants about Complementary Medicine were mostly people around them; only 31.1% of them consulted a doctor. The mean total scale score was 111.45±19.08. Those with chronic diseases, employees, who had COVID-19 disease, high educational status, and those who evaluated their health status as good had more positive attitudes towards complementary medicine practices. A weak negative correlation was found between age and total scale score. Conclusion. Although positive attitudes towards complementary medicine practices are exhibited, health professionals are consulted at very low rates as a source of information. Health care providers must make arrangements and plans to provide this increasing interest from reliable sources.
Salivary tumour necrosis factor-alpha and receptor for advanced glycation end products as prognostic and predictive markers for recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma – a pilot study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Brundha, Marimuthu Parasuraman; Raveendran, Swarnalatha Raghunathan; Rajeshkar, Narayanaswamy
Introduction and aim. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) belongs to the cytokine family TNF/TNFR. As a multifunctional cytokine, TNF-α plays a significant role in diverse and a variety of cellular events such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α acts as a bridge between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are cellular receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. As one of the primary mediators of innate immunity, acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, and certain cancers, RAGE signaling plays an important role. The aim of the present study is to analyze the prognostic significance of salivary TNF-α and RAGE in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material and methods. A study was conducted testing saliva samples collected from ten patients with well-differentiated and moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas. To determine the levels of TNF-α and RAGE in unstimulated saliva from patients, an ELISA kit from RAY BIOTECH was used for the study, and the readings were read at 450 nm. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Version 23 of SPSS was used to plot the standard curve. Statistical comparisons were done using Mann-Whitney U test and ROC analysis. Results. Salivary TNF-α and RAGE in patients were considered to be induced by radiotherapy at a higher level in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma when compared to well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, there is an increase in the induced Salivary TNF-α and RAGE levels by radiotherapy with increase in the histological stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis also proved the same. Conclusion. Hence salivary TNF-α and RAGE may be used as a biomarker for oral cancer to predict the prognosis.
The relationship between the professional values and care behaviors of surgical nurses in Turkey
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Çelik Bekleviç, Arzum ; Çelik, Sevim
Introduction and aim. The professional values and the care behaviors of surgical nurse’s play an important role in providing quality patient care and increasing patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was evaluated the relationship between the professional values and care behaviors of surgical nurses. Material and methods. This descriptive and correlational study consisted of 245 surgical nurses working in Turkey. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Nurses Professional Values Scale, and the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24. Results. The NPVS total mean score of the surgical nurses was 118.26. The CBI-24 total mean score of the surgical nurses was 5.25. The nurses obtained high mean scores in both the Nurses Professional Values Scale and subscales, and the Caring Behavior Inventory-24 and subscales. A weak, positive and significant relationship was found between the professional values and care behaviors of the surgical nurses (p<0.001). Both the individual and professional characteristics of the surgical nurses affected their perceptions of professional values and care behaviors (p<0.05). Conclusion. The study showed that they had high perceptions of professional values and caring behaviors and adopted at most human dignity from professional values. Personal and organizational activities should be carried out to improve the professional values of surgical nurses and have them internalize care behaviors.
Newborn blood spot screening – knowledge of genetic testing among mothers
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) David, Angeline; Cruz, Meredith O.; Telega, Grzegorz; Simpson, Pippa; Pan, Amy; Nagórska, Małgorzata
Introduction and aim. Newborn blood spot screening (NBS) uses genetic technology to screen for selected genetic, endocrine, and metabolic disorders. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of newborn blood spot genetic screening among expectant mothers. Material and methods. Between October 2015 and January 2016, a 20 question, multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to expectant mothers presenting for a pre-natal ultrasound at the Maternal Fetal Care Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Froedtert Hospital. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Results. 103 women completed the survey; 34% believed that education regarding screening is incomplete and 39% believed that it needs improvement. 27% knew the purpose of newborn screening. Conclusion. Many mothers lack general and specific knowledge about NBS and the diseases screened for. Health education that provides accurate and complete information on the newborn blood spot screening should be provided to all parents prior to the administering of any genetic testing. Key areas that should be targeted include: purpose of NBS, screened diseases and how to interpret the results of the test.
Addiction in university students – determining the levels of cigarette, alcohol, substance, game, and Internet addiction
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Korkmaz Aslan, Tuba; Batı, Serap
Introduction and aim. This study aims to determine the average addiction levels of university students and the effects of different demographic variables on addiction levels and types. Material and methods. The study included 783 volunteer students in the Seydişehir campus of Necmettin Erbakan University. Data were collected face-to-face using Sociodemographic Information Form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Cut-off test (CAGE), Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results. Of the students, 27.7% were using tobacco, 14.8% were using alcohol, 2.6% were using ecstasy, 2.3% were using cannabis, 1.4% were using inhalants, 1% were using pills. FTND, DGAS-7, and IAT mean scores were 3.80±2.55, 12.04±5.57, and 43.56±15.73, respectively, and 21.5% had risky alcohol use. Also, 2.2% were game addicts, 3.8% were internet addicts. Digital game addiction, internet addiction, and nicotine addiction were positively correlated. There was no significant relationship between nicotine and internet addictions. Individuals with risky alcohol use had higher rates of nicotine addiction. Conclusion. Students’ addiction rates were similar to the country in general. Addictions gained in the youth years continue in the following years and bring many health problems. Therefore, it is crucial to include the subject of combating addiction more in university education and increase studies on the subject.
Compliance of temozolamide with concurrent radiotherapy as an adjuvant in patients with high grade glioma – a retrospective study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Ramanan, V. Arun; Jeeva, S.; Sowmiya, KR.
Introduction and aim. High grade glioma is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumour with a median survival of one year. Maximal safe resection followed by temozolamide-based concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care. To assess the compliance of temozolamide in patients of high-grade glioma who underwent concurrent chemoradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy Material and methods. 30 patients of high grade glioma diagnosed and treated in our Oncology department during the period of March 2016 to March 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Cases included in this study were patients with biopsy proven high grade glioma who underwent maximal safe surgery, temozolamide-based concurrent chemoradiation, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolamide. Data regarding age, gender, histopathology, extent of surgery, performance status, radiotherapy dose, chemotherapy cycles and treatment toxicity profiles were recorded. Results. Treatment was generally well tolerated with most patients experiencing grade 1 and 2 toxicities, which were managed with supportive care. Grade 3 toxicities were noted as follows: anaemia (6.7%, n=2), neutropenia (16.7%, n=5) and thrombocytopenia (16.7%, n=5). Treatment with TMZ was discontinued in 6.7% (n=2) of individuals due to myelosupression. No grade 4 hematological toxicities were observed in the study group. Conclusion. The compliance of temozolamide in high grade gliomas is high with less treatment interruptions and manageable side effect profile.
Effect of some characteristics of fathers on paternal-infant attachment in the postpartum period
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Kaba, Gülsüm; Arguvanli Çoban, Sibel
Introduction and aim. The paternal attachment can affect the academic, social and emotional development of the child in the future. The study was conducted in a descriptive-cross-sectional design to determine the impacts of some characteristics of fathers on paternal attachment. Material and method. The study was conducted with 278 fathers who had 3-12 months old infants. The data were collected by using the “Father Information Form” and the “Postnatal Paternal-Infant Attachment Questionnaire (PPAQ)”. Results. It was found in the present that the mean PPAQ score of the fathers who were exposed to domestic violence in their childhood was significantly lower than those who were not (p=0.001). The mean PPAQ score of the fathers whose infant was born by cesarean section (p=0.017) and who had physical contact for the first 24 hours (p=0.047) was found to be significantly higher. The mean PPAQ score was significantly higher in fathers who had a physical contact duration of 7 hours or more than those with less physical contact durations (p=0.030). Conclusion. In this study, some characteristics of fathers were found to affect father-infant attachment. It may be recommended to plan preventive interventions for risky fathers.
Role of healthcare professionals in drug-drug interactions and clinical interventions
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Siddiqui, Durr-e-Shahwar
Introduction and aim. Healthcare professionals including prescribers, pharmacists and nurses must have adequate knowledge of drug-drug interactions because they can cause toxicity, loss of efficacy, and side effects. This study was aimed to assess the respective roles of healthcare professionals in preventing drug-drug interactions by clinical interventions. Material and methods. This study was conducted at a Secondary Care Hospital of Pakistan in which total 1000 prescriptions were assessed for drug-drug interactions. Questionnaires and descriptive statistics were tools to assess the satisfaction of prescribers with pharmacists and their own prescribed medications before and after the clinical interventions. Modifications in medication therapies were done accordingly after the evaluation and acceptance of interventions. Results. The p-value was highly significant (p<0.05) which showed that the collaboration between healthcare professionals is necessary to avoid drug-drug interaction by clinical interventions. Acceptance rate of interventions was 77%. Clinical interventions are a useful tool in minimizing and preventing drug-drug interactions. The compliance of prescribers with their own prescribed medication regimens increased after clinical interventions. Conclusion. Prescribers, pharmacists and nurses have their respective roles in preventing drug-drug interactions and they must review the appropriateness of every medication order for clinical interventions.
Suicidal behavior as a result of maladjustment of servicemen to the conditions of military service in Ukraine
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Mykhalchuk, Nataliia; Pelekh, Yurii; Kharchenko, Yevhen; Ivashkevych, Eduard; Zukow, Walery; Ivashkevych, Ernest; Yatsjuryk, Alla
Introduction and aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of suicidal behavior as a result of maladjustment of servicemen to the conditions of military service in Ukraine. The tasks of the article are to identify among militaries: 1) the most significant risk factors for autoregressive and suicidal behavior; 2) the psychological peculiarities of adaptive disorders that may lead to suicide; 3) protective factors against autoregressive and suicidal behavior. Material and methods. To solve the problem of our research, a set of methods was used: theoretical methods – theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific sources, their systematization, classification, generalization; empirical methods – the observation, the interview, a questionnaire, testing, the method of expert assessments. In general 420 militaries were participated in our research. The participants of the 1 st stage of the study were 240 militaries in the age 18-25 years old with suicidal and auto-aggressive behavior in anamnesis and one or more attempts of suicide. These militaries were treated in the psychiatric hospital No 1 in Kyiv (Ukraine). At the 2 nd stage of the study 180 militaries were participated. They were treated in the Main Military Clinical Hospital (the Center), Kyiv, Ukraine. The research was organized during May–November, 2021. Results. We investigated that 120 militaries had various forms of post-suicidal encephalopathy, such as acute affective, non-psychotic state. The number of patients with residual psychoorganic pathology was 41 people (34.16%); after poisoning there were 37 people, the number of patients with toxic encephalopathy – 33 people (27.5%); after self-arson – 9 people, there were 4 patients (3.33%) with burn encephalopathy. We identified the following clinical variants of depressive reactions as a result of maladjustment and suicidal attempts: 1) the reaction of disadaptation in combination with neurosis-like disorders (48.9%); 2) the reaction of maladjustment including hypochondriacal inclusions (in 23.4% of cases of respondents); 3) maladaptive reactions with an anxious component were observed in 28.6% of cases. Conclusion. It was shown that the suicidal behavior of soldiers depended on many external and internal risk factors. We showed protective factors against autoregressive and suicidal behavior.
Comparison between traditional and disposable bed baths in Intensive Care Unit
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Amir, Haeril; Yusuf, Muhammad; Syam, Yuliana; Irwan, Andi Masyitha; Cahyani, Desy Dwi; Kurnia Djalid, Nia ; Idrus, Hasta Handayani; Rosita
Introduction and aim. This study aimed to compare the difference in the number of microorganisms (microbial counts) between traditional and disposable bed baths. Material and methods. This study is quasi-experimental with two groups. The sample consisted of 30 respondents from the traditional bed bath and the disposable bed bath groups. Cultures of the groin were obtained to compare the number of microorganisms before and after bathing. Results. Bathing with disposable bed baths has proven to be more effective in reducing the number of microorganisms in both the control group and the intervention group on day I and day II with p=0.014 and p=0.033. Conclusion. Disposable bed baths are more effective in reducing the number of microorganisms on the skin than traditional bed baths.
Impact of face mask use during the non-stress test in pregnancy
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Gursoy, Ali; Dogan Tekbas, Ezgi
Introduction and aim. Face masks used to protect against the COVID 19 pandemic have become a daily routine. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of mask use on non-stress test (NST) results during pregnancy. Material and methods. A total of 951 pregnant women were included in the study. They were divided into two groups as those who wear masks and those who do not. These pregnant women were also divided into subgroups as preterm and term periods. Results. The mean age of the pregnant women was 31.2±4.9 and their gestational weeks were between 34+0 and 40+6. There was no significant difference between 34 and 37 gestational weeks pregnants in terms of FHR, reactivity, non-reactivity, deceleration, FHR category distribution and number of fetal movements (p>0.05). The variability was significantly higher in those who did not wear a mask (p<0.05). In pregnancies >37 gestational weeks there was no significant difference in terms of FHR, reactivity, non-reactivity, variability, deceleration and FHR category distribution (p>0.05). The number of fetal movements was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the mask-wearing group. Conclusion. Mask use should be considered in NSTs where variability is reduced or fetal movements are low. Thus, misinterpretation of the NST can be avoided.
From ground zero of the pandemic – nurses’ stories via Photovoice
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Çetin, İbrahim; Türkben Polat, Hilal ; Burucu, Rukiye; Cantekin, Işın
Introduction and aim. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers continue to work selflessly and intensively despite many occupational hazards. Although various studies have been carried out to evaluate the experiences of nurses who play an important role in the fight against the pandemic and the effects thereof, qualitative studies carried out using the photovoice technique are very limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the experiences of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic and show the impact that COVID-19 has had on nurses’ work and daily life using creative photographic data. Material and methods. This qualitative study employed a participatory action research design, and photovoice technique was used. Research data were collected from nurses working in COVID-19 clinics of various hospitals between May and September 2021. Data analysis was performed via a phenomenological interpretation method. Results. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) burnout, (2) anxiety, (3) social isolation, (4) emphasis on professional value, and (5) the value of life. Each theme was presented with representative photographic and written narratives provided by the participants. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that nurses experience problems such as burnout, anxiety, and social isolation. All the participants associated these problems with the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on work and daily life. On the other hand, the participants emphasized professional value and the value of life despite all the negativities and risks.
A potential usage of probiotics in prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Gałązka, Jakub Krzysztof; Homa, Piotr; Domagalski, Łukasz
Introduction and aim. Neutropenic enterocolitis is a severe disease that affects patients with immunodeficiency and is often related with the chemotherapy of the hematologic malignancies. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Neutropenic colitis may lead to sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding and even perforations requiring surgical management. The therapy consists of antibiotic therapy, transfusions, hematopoietic growth factor treatment, usage of fluids and electrolytes, bowel rest and even surgical operations. The aim of this review is to consider the potential usage of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis. Material and methods. References for that article were found through PubMed and Google Scholar, using terms: “neutropenic enterocolitis” and “probiotics”, or “gut microbiota” and “neutropenic enterocolitis”. The research was limited to abstracts and available full-text articles. Analysis of the literature. The most possible mechanism of neutropenic enterocolitis development appoints bacterial invasion with co-existing immunodeficiency. The probiotics appeal as beneficial agents in both prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis in according to their impact on gut immune barrier improvement. However older societies’ guidelines were cautious, the most modern ones appoint probiotics as a promising agent in neutropenic enterocolitis, what corresponds with results from current randomized clinical trials. Conclusion. As neutropenic enterocolitis is a severe disease we need to look for better or alternative therapies of that state. The probiotics seems to have beneficial effects in terms of prevention and treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis due to their impact on gut immune barrier. Benefits of such therapy are reflected in current societies’ guidelines which consider probiotics as a promising agent in neutropenic enterocolitis.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a new therapeutical approach in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – a review
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Savino, Rosa; Polito, Anna N.; Ventriglio, Antonio; Bellomo, Antonello; Moscatelli, Fiorenzo; Polito, Rita; Valenzano, Anna A.; Messina, Giovanni; Cibelli, Giuseppe
Introduction and aim. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neurobiology reveals a complex picture of altered excitation-inhibition balance, aberrant neuronal and neurotransmitter activity, and network disorganization that could be addressed through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In this paper, we provide a narrative review of the most recent literature on the use of TMS to treat patients with ASD and ADHD. Material and methods. Literature search from 2018 up to November 2022 has been conducted on PubMed database. Keywords reflected diagnoses and treatment modalities of interest. Analysis of the literature. Eleven clinical trials regarding the use of TMS as a therapeutic tool in ASD, and seven studies (of which 3 are case reports) for ADHD have been reported. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most frequent area stimulated. Heterogeneity in stimulation parameters, patient age, and outcome measures limited the interpretation of findings. Conclusion. TMS as a therapeutic tool for neurodevelopmental disorders is still in its infancy. To define the real efficacy of TMS, future studies must be randomized, sham-controlled, and double-blind, and should include a larger sample with adequate inclusion/exclusion criteria, and longitudinal follow-up.
Endophytes – untapped resources and pharmacological prospects against coronaviruses
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Earnest, Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie; Ezeagha, Chigozie Celestina; Okafor, Glory Chiamaka; Ikegbune, Chidozie; Mukim, Mohammad
Introduction and aim. Viral infections stand to be among the most devastating diseases globally. Though significant efforts have been made in research and drug development against viral infections, the search for safe, affordable and effective vaccines against the current ravaging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still on. This is because already approved vaccines still need improvement. This review draws the attention of researchers on the potentials of bioactive substances from endophytes against the novel coronaviruses. Material and methods. This assessment was made using references of articles published in English peer reviewed journals indexed in PubMed and Google Scholars databases up to June, 2022. The following key words were used; ‘coronaviruses’, ‘Endophytes’, ‘Endophytes and viral infections, ‘Endophytes and COVID-19, ‘SARS-CoV’. Analysis of the literature. In-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo studies revealed that natural compounds from endophytes showed antiviral activities against various human coronavirus, including HCoV 229E and a norovirus surrogate, the feline coronavirus FCV F9, COVID-19, Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARSCoV-2 Mpro, among others. Conclusion. This finding calls for researchers to also focus on endophytes, as part of drugs development in the bid to finding possible solution in combating the devastating COVID-19, an emerging situation.
Taking medicine in the right way – most important but most neglected
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Mohiuddin, Abdul Kader
Introduction and aim. To cure any disease, proper use of medicine or taking medicine in the correct order is required. Even patients from developed countries struggle to maintain their drug compliance. There is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West when it comes to improper medicine use. The understanding and perception of the disease is the most important factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan. Material and methods. Prioritized databases for public health topics included PubMed, ALTAVISTA, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Registers. Along with other online sources, journals from Elsevier, Springer, Willey Online Library, and Wolters Kluwer were thoroughly searched. Analysis of the literature. There is a thorough discussion of medication non-adherence issues and a few adherence-improving methods. Conclusion. Adherence to treatment guidelines is essential in the treatment of any disease.
Case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-03) Dominik, Hanna; Dominik, Barbara
Introduction and aim. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare severe illness which is related to prior SARS-CoV2 infection in individuals>=21 years old. The condition was described few months after recognition of similar entity in children known as MIS-C (United Kingdom, April, 2020). The diagnosis of MIS-A is based on clinical symptoms andevidence of inflammation in laboratory markers. It is characterized by extrapulmonary organ dysfunction (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal), general symptoms such as fever, malaise, rash and deviations in blood tests (elevated level of ferritin, procalcitonin, CRP, IL-6, D-Dimer) with a previous or current SARS-CoV-2 infection. The purpose of this study is to present the syndrome on the basis of a clinical case example, to show the course of the disease, its symptoms and the result of applied treatment. Description of the case. The following case describes the clinical history, diagnostic process and applied treatment of 37-year old female patient who was admitted urgently to the hospital with a suspicion of sepsis originating from pharynx. The final diagnosis – MIS-A was settled after performing a broad panel of tests. Clinical picture was non- characteristic. The patient was successfully treated with steroids. Conclusion. MIS-A is a rare clinical entity linked with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms manifest from multiple organ systems and the diagnostic process may be challenging. The illness can be successfully treated with steroids.

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Przeglądanie European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.21, z. 1 (2023) według Data dodania