Analiza zaburzeń ekspresji wybranych mikroRNA w chorobie Alzheimera
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Autorzy
Tytuł czasopisma
ISSN czasopisma
Tytuł tomu
Wydawca
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Abstrakt
Choroba Alzheimera (ang. Alzheimer’s disease - AD) stanowi 70 % demencji wśród starzejącej się populacji. Patogeneza AD związana jest z akumulacją blaszek amyloidowych w przestrzeni zewnątrzkomórkowej mózgu, poprzez gromadzenie nierozpuszczalnego peptydu β amyloidowego (Aβ) oraz wewnątrzkomórkowych splątków neurofibrylarnych (NFT) zawierających głównie wysoce ufosforylowane białko Tau. Utrzymująca się tendencja wzrostowa chorych w Polsce i na całym świecie wskazuje na rosnącą potrzebę szybkiej diagnostyki i leczenia. Wiele badań wskazuje na ważna rolę jaką pełnią cząsteczki miRNA w procesach neurodegeneracyjnych. Poziom miRNA może się zmieniać w zależności od regulowanego genu oraz etapu choroby.
Cel pracy
Celem pracy było zbadanie zmian ekspresji trzech wybranych miRNA, (miRNA-132-5p, miRNA-146a-5p oraz miRNA-200a-3p) w zależności od stopnia zaawansowania choroby Alzheimera oraz związku pomiędzy ekspresją miRNA a polimorfizmem w genach APOE oraz ACE. Dokonano również analizy związku ekspresji wybranych miRNA z chorobami współistniejącymi oraz korelacji
z wybranymi parametrami biochemicznymi (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, witamina B12), białkami i wskaźnikami diagnostycznymi izolowanymi z PMR (Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, t-Tau, Aβ1-42/ Aβ1-40, p-Tau/Aβ1-42, h-Tau/Aβ1-42).
Grupa badana
Grupę badaną stanowiło 70. pacjentów z Klinicznego Szpitala Wojewódzkiego Nr 2 w Rzeszowie oraz 27 osób zdrowych bez objawów otępiennych stanowiących grupę kontrolną. Analizie molekularnej poddano 70 pacjentów w wieku między 59 a 92 rokiem życia z rozpoznaną chorobą otępienną od stadium łagodnego zaburzenia poznawczego MCI, poprzez trzy fazy choroby AD: AD I, AD II, AD III. Klasyfikacji dokonał zespół specjalistyczny z Kliniki Neurologii z Pododdziałem Leczenia Udaru Mózgu.
Materiały i metody
Materiałem biologicznym do badań była surowica biobankowana, z której dokonano izolacji RNA według metodyki producenta QIAGEN miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced. Analizę ekspresji wybranych miRNA przeprowadzono przy użyciu metody qPCR. Do amplifikacji wykorzystano zestaw miRCURY® LNA® SYBR® Green PCR Kit oraz specyficzne startery z zestawu miRCURY® LNA® miRNA PCR Assays, zgodnie z zaleceniami producenta.
Wyniki i wnioski
W wyniku analizy molekularnej wykazano, że wraz z postępem choroby, następowała spadek ekspresji miRNA-132-3p oraz stężenie witaminy B12. .Dodatkowo wykazano pozytywną korelację pomiędzy ekspresją miRNA-146a-5p a wartością wskaźników diagnostycznych w AD tj. pTau/Aβ42 oraz hTau/Aβ42. Analiza statystyczna wykazała związek polimorfizmu w genie APOE z obniżoną ekspresją miRNA-132-3p. Wykazano też związek między polimorfizmem w genie ACE a poziomem ekspresji miRNA-200a-3p, miRNA-132-3p oraz miRNA-146a-5p. Obecność przynajmniej jednego allelu insercyjnego (I) w genie ACE, wpływała na podwyższony poziom ekspresji miRNA-200a-3p i miRNA-132-3p, oraz obniżony poziom ekspresji miRNA-146a-5p. Dodatkowo analiza statystyczna grupy badanej, potwierdziła wpływ wieku na stadium otępienia. U osób starszych można zaobserwować głębsze fazy otępienia, podczas gdy u osób młodszych najczęściej diagnozuje się MCI lub łagodną postać ADI.
Entry Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for 70% of dementias among the aging population. The pathogenesis of AD is associated with the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the extracellular space of the brain, resulting from the accumulation of insoluble amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which primarily contain highly phosphorylated tau protein. The continuing upward trend in the number of patients in Poland and worldwide indicates a growing need for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Many studies indicate the important role of miRNA molecules in neurodegenerative processes. MiRNA levels can vary depending on the gene being regulated and the stage of the disease. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to examine changes in the expression of three selected miRNAs (miRNA-132-5p, miRNA-146a-5p, and miRNA-200a-3p) in relation to the stage of Alzheimer's disease and the relationship between miRNA expression and polymorphisms in the APOE and ACE genes. The association of selected miRNA expression with comorbidities and correlations with selected biochemical parameters (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, vitamin B12), proteins, and diagnostic markers isolated from CSF (Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, t-Tau, Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, p-Tau/Aβ1-42, h-Tau/Aβ1-42) were also analyzed. Study Group The study group consisted of 70 patients from the Provincial Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów and 27 healthy individuals without dementia as controls. Molecular analysis was performed on 70 patients aged 59-92 years diagnosed with dementia ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through the three stages of Alzheimer's disease: AD I, AD II, and AD III. Classification was performed by the staff of the Neurology Clinic with the Stroke Treatment Unit. Materials and Methods The biological material used for the study was biobanked serum from which RNA was isolated according to the manufacturer's QIAGEN miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced methodology. Analysis of selected miRNA expression was performed using qPCR. The miRCURY® LNA® SYBR® Green PCR Kit and specific primers from the miRCURY® LNA® miRNA PCR Assays kit were used for amplification, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Results and Conclusions Molecular analysis demonstrated that as the disease progresses, there is a decline in the levels of both microRNA-132-3p expression and vitamin B12 concentration. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the expression of microRNA-146a-5p and the values of diagnostic indicators in Alzheimer's disease (AD), specifically pTau/Aβ42 and hTau/Aβ42. Statistical analysis revealed a relationship between polymorphism in the APOE gene and reduced expression of miRNA-132-3p. Additionally, a relationship was observed between polymorphism in the ACE gene and the expression levels of miRNA-200a-3p, miRNA-132-3p, and miRNA-146a-5p. The presence of at least one insertion allele (I) in the ACE gene resulted in increased expression of microRNA-200a-3p and microRNA-132-3p, and decreased expression of microRNA-146a-5p. Moreover, statistical analysis of the study group confirmed the influence of age on the stage of dementia. Older individuals tend to exhibit more severe stages of dementia, while younger individuals are more frequently diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease impairment (ADI).
Entry Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for 70% of dementias among the aging population. The pathogenesis of AD is associated with the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the extracellular space of the brain, resulting from the accumulation of insoluble amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which primarily contain highly phosphorylated tau protein. The continuing upward trend in the number of patients in Poland and worldwide indicates a growing need for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Many studies indicate the important role of miRNA molecules in neurodegenerative processes. MiRNA levels can vary depending on the gene being regulated and the stage of the disease. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to examine changes in the expression of three selected miRNAs (miRNA-132-5p, miRNA-146a-5p, and miRNA-200a-3p) in relation to the stage of Alzheimer's disease and the relationship between miRNA expression and polymorphisms in the APOE and ACE genes. The association of selected miRNA expression with comorbidities and correlations with selected biochemical parameters (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, vitamin B12), proteins, and diagnostic markers isolated from CSF (Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, t-Tau, Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, p-Tau/Aβ1-42, h-Tau/Aβ1-42) were also analyzed. Study Group The study group consisted of 70 patients from the Provincial Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszów and 27 healthy individuals without dementia as controls. Molecular analysis was performed on 70 patients aged 59-92 years diagnosed with dementia ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through the three stages of Alzheimer's disease: AD I, AD II, and AD III. Classification was performed by the staff of the Neurology Clinic with the Stroke Treatment Unit. Materials and Methods The biological material used for the study was biobanked serum from which RNA was isolated according to the manufacturer's QIAGEN miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced methodology. Analysis of selected miRNA expression was performed using qPCR. The miRCURY® LNA® SYBR® Green PCR Kit and specific primers from the miRCURY® LNA® miRNA PCR Assays kit were used for amplification, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Results and Conclusions Molecular analysis demonstrated that as the disease progresses, there is a decline in the levels of both microRNA-132-3p expression and vitamin B12 concentration. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the expression of microRNA-146a-5p and the values of diagnostic indicators in Alzheimer's disease (AD), specifically pTau/Aβ42 and hTau/Aβ42. Statistical analysis revealed a relationship between polymorphism in the APOE gene and reduced expression of miRNA-132-3p. Additionally, a relationship was observed between polymorphism in the ACE gene and the expression levels of miRNA-200a-3p, miRNA-132-3p, and miRNA-146a-5p. The presence of at least one insertion allele (I) in the ACE gene resulted in increased expression of microRNA-200a-3p and microRNA-132-3p, and decreased expression of microRNA-146a-5p. Moreover, statistical analysis of the study group confirmed the influence of age on the stage of dementia. Older individuals tend to exhibit more severe stages of dementia, while younger individuals are more frequently diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease impairment (ADI).
Opis
Promotor: prof. dr hab. n. med. Izabela Zawlik ; promotor pomocniczy: dr n. med. Natalia Potocka - 148 s.
Słowa kluczowe
mikroRNA, epigenetyka, choroba Alzheimera, ekspresja, biomarkery, microRNA, epigenetics, Alzheimer's disease, expression, biomarkers