European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.23, z. 3 (2025)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/11812

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Corrigendum: The effect of different blood groups on visual evoked potentials
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Eski, Mehmet Tahir; Yabalak, Ahmet; Şahan, Halime; Ayaslı, Alper Aziz Hüdai; Sezer, Taha
A Corrigendum on The effect of different blood groups on visual evoked potentials by Eski MT, Yabalak A, Şahan H, Ayaslı AAH, Sezer T. Eur J Clin Exp Med. 2023;21(3):576–581. doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2023.3.25.
Open rings of demyelination – a rare case of tumefactive multiple sclerosis
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Parameswaran, K.; Nemani, Sai Manasa; Chandrasekaran, Nirmala Devi; Aswin, C.; Kumar, J.S; Venkatesan, Dev Sudersan; Ramalingam, Dhivakar
Introduction and aim. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS), a rare and atypical subtype of MS, presents with large demyelinating lesions that can mimic acute stroke, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. Stroke-like symptoms in such cases require a thorough neuroimaging. We describe the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with acute onset of right-sided hemiparesis and hemisensory loss, along with facial weakness of the left upper motor neuron facial weakness and focal seizures. Initially suspected to be a cerebrovascular event, the condition was later diagnosed as tumefactive multiple sclerosis. Description of the case. Comprehensive neurological assessment with neuroimaging and magnetic resonance peduncle, and bilateral cerebral hemispheres, raising suspicion of a demyelinating process. A differential diagnosis, including neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory conditions was carefully evaluated before confirming tumefactive MS. The patient’s stroke-like deficits improved significantly with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Follow-up imaging demonstrated the resolution of the enhancing lesions, strengthening the diagnosis. The dramatic response to steroids and the absence of progressive deterioration helped differentiate tumefactive MS from gliomas or infectious abscesses. Conclusion. This case highlights the importance of considering tumefactive MS in acute neurological deficits with ring-enhancing lesions. Advanced imaging techniques are crucial for accurate differentiation that allows for timely and appropriate treatment.
Pharmacogenetic aspects of therapy for autoimmune hepatitis against the background of degenerative-dystrophic joint lesions
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Borysenko, Tetiana V.; Babalian, Volodymyr O.; Dorofieieva, Valeriia R.; Danylchenko, Svitlana I.; Fedota, Оlena М.
Introduction and aim. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine manifestations, involves the interaction of genotype and environmental factors. Pathologies demonstrate comorbidity and clinical heterogeneity even within a single family. Genetic polymorphisms of one-carbon metabolism are key regulators of cellular processes that become therapeutic targets. Description of the case. The study describes personalized therapy for a patient with an autoimmune comorbid disease, with an emphasis on genetic and metabolic characteristics. The treatment regimen is adapted to the features of the one-carbon metabolism profile of a patient with chronic autoimmune hepatitis and degenerative-dystrophic joint disease. Family history includes autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular diseases. The patient’s genotype for single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1801133, rs1801131, rs1801394, rs1805087, and rs3733890 of the one-carbon metabolism genes is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. After treatment, changes in biochemical parameters were observed: alanine aminotransferase (72→53 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (53→44 U/L), gamma-glutamyltransferase (129→89 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (313→125 U/L) and homocysteine (15.1→17.0 μmol/L). Conclusion. Positive dynamics after personalized therapy demonstrates the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to etiopathogenetic treatment, emphasizing the need to support hepatobiliary function along with muscular and skeletal therapy.
The effect of exercises on the quality of life in individuals undergoing hip arthroplasty following hip fractures – a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Mohanan, Chrysolyte; Aseer, Antony Leo; Jeldi, Artaban Johnson; Sameer, Mohamed M.; Kannan, Soundararajan
Introduction and aim. The increasing burden of hip fractures and hip arthroplasties (HA) requires a deeper understanding of physiotherapy rehabilitation, facilitating the development of evidence-based strategies to enhance patient recovery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of exercises in improving quality of life after HA. Material and methods. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Pedro, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies (CENTRAL) was conducted from inception until April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were recovered that compare exercises with any comparator to improve quality of life were retrieved. The quality was evaluated using PeDro. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Analysis of the literature. Analysis of eight RCTs, comprising 1,560 individuals, revealed that comprehensive exercise programs produced superior outcomes in quality of life compared to standard treatment, with a notable effect size (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI, -0.01 to 1.37; I2=89%) and progressive resistance exercises have a statistically significant positive impact on quality of life. Conclusion. This review underscores the importance of comprehensive exercise programs, including progressive resistance training to improve quality of life in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, and recommends further investigation to determine the most effective exercise parameters for the development of personalized rehabilitation programs.
Effects of Ganoderma lucidum (“lingzhi”) supplementation on blood lipids – a systematic review of clinical trials
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Zadworny, Jan
Introduction and aim. Impaired blood lipid profile is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Supplementation of Ganoderma lucidum (“lingzhi”) has been postulated to have a positive impact on blood lipids. This review aims to evaluate the evidence on this topic. Material and methods. A systematic search of Google Scholar, PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases was performed to identify randomized clinical trials and cross-over trials which assessed the effects of lingzhi supplementation on blood lipids. The gathered data were reviewed and analyzed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Analysis of the literature. Of the 805 records identified in the initial search, a total of 7 studies met all the inclusion criteria and were qualified for the review. None of them reported a statistically significant change in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, or low-density lipoprotein during lingzhi supplementation. Only 2 out of 7 trials showed a moderate decrease in total cholesterol level. Conclusion. There is no evidence to support any effect of G. lucidum supplementation on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein. Its influence on total cholesterol also remains highly doubtful based on the present systematic review.
Genetic determinant of metabolic syndrome – a review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Nagarajan, Haritha; Gopalakrishnan S., Santhini
Introduction and aim. Metabolic syndrome is a pathological condition that is a combination of insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity. Every metabolic syndrome trait has an estimated hereditary factor greater than fifty percent. Many mutations related to distinct traits have been successfully identified through genetic studies. With respect to the advancements in our knowledge of the genetics of obesity, it is a major contributor to metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is associated with many diseases and is closely related to overweight / obesity and lack of activity. Genetic predisposition also plays an important role in it. Therefore, lifestyle modification is the initial and main intervention that can be implemented for such a population. This review pinpoints the literature on the definition of metabolic syndrome, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and its gene polymorphism and treatment approach comprising metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The literature review was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Web of Science for studies looking into metabolic syndrome and its complications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of genetic and lifestyle changes in the development of metabolic syndrome. Analysis of the literature. Metabolic syndrome is a collection of diseases that include lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), increased triglyceride levels (TG), high blood pressure, more waist circumference, and elevated fasting blood glucose. It is closely related to overweight / obesity and lack of activity. Genetic predisposition also plays an important role in it. So lifestyle modification is the initial and main intervention that can be implemented for this population. Conclusion. Genetic, lifestyle changes, and other environmental changes contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome leads to many health issues; for a better healthy outcome, lifestyle modifications such as healthy dietary habits, following regular physical activity, quitting smoking and alcohol, balanced weight, stress management are required.
Characterization of anti-steatogenic long noncoding RNAs and their epigenetic influence on the development of metabolic fatty liver disease – a systematic review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Abaturov, Oleksandr; Nikulina, Anna
Introduction and aim. Numerous transcriptomic studies have demonstrated that the development of metabolically associated fatty liver disease is accompanied by changes in the expression level of long noncoding RNAs (lncRs). The aim: to present a brief description of the role of anti-steatogenic lncRs in the epigenetic influence on the development of metabolically associated fatty liver disease, analyzing the data of modern scientific literature. Material and methods. An analysis of 64 reports over the past 10 years was conducted from the databases PubMed; MEDLINE; EMBASE; Cochrane Systematic Reviews Database; BIOSIS which were selected using the indicated keywords. Quality aspects were assessed using the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, PROSPERO CRD420250652980. Analysis of the literature. Hypoexpression of AC012668 – increased representation of miR-380-5p, activation of LRP2; B4GALT1- AS1/lncSHGL, MEG3 – activation of lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes; FLRL2 – inhibition of BMAL1 and SIRT1; Gm16551 – increased expression of ACC1, SCD1; HR1 – activation of SREBP1c. LncLSTR – activation of cytochrome Cyp8b1 transcription; MRAK052686 reduction of FABP7 expression. Conclusion. The formation of hepatosteatosis is supported by a decrease in the expression level of anti-steatogenic lncRs, such as AC012668, B4GALT1-AS1/lncSHGL, MEG3, FLRL2, Gm16551, lncHR1, lncLSTR, MRAK052686. LncRs overexpression is compensatory in escalating inflammation, hyperglycemia.
Detection of gastrointestinal cancers using salivary biomarkers – a systematic review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Angelaki, Anna; Kalali, Datis; Chantzara, Chara; Faiq, Lanya; Gad, Maram; Kadłubek, Sabina; Kamiński, Jakub; Charalampidi, Zoi; Charalampidis, Charalampos; Anestakis, Doxakis
Introduction and aim. Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract are highly prevalent worldwide, with usually symptomless presentations making diagnosis at an early stage challenging. At the same time, salivary biomarkers are a promising method of early diagnosis in different malignancies. To this end, the present systematic review was carried out to investigate if salivary biomarkers can help with the early detection of gastrointestinal cancer and ascertain their diagnostic value. Material and methods. Major electronic databases were searched using a combination of keywords and Boolean operators to retrieve all existing literature on the topic from April 2024 until inception. Clinical studies with relevant information were included in the quantitative synthesis. Analysis of the literature. A total of 48 studies exploring the use of potential salivary biomarkers in esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular and biomarkers were included in the present review. All studies retrieved statistically significant correlations between the presence of certain markers in the saliva and development of gastrointestinal cancers. Conclusion. Salivary biomarkers can help detect different gastrointestinal cancers. However, more studies are required to determine their diagnostic value. The use of artificial intelligence might help clinicians in exploiting these biomarkers.
Comparative therapeutic role of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and riboflavin in mitigating hepatotoxicity induced by drugs and chemical toxins – a review
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Omotoso, Dayo; Joseph, Divine
Introduction and aim. The liver plays a central role in the metabolism of drugs, xenobiotics, and nutrients, making it highly susceptible to exposure to toxicity due to drugs and chemical toxins (DCT). DCT-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH), remains one of the most common causes of acute liver failure, and potential therapeutic agents such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and riboflavin have been explored to mitigate DIH. This review summarizes the current knowledge in the experimental model. Material and methods. This review was based in publications available on scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. After the abstract evaluation, the relevant articles were selected for further analysis. Analysis of the literature. The vital role of oxidative stress and inflammation in mediating DIH has been demonstrated. Hence, the most effective therapeutic intervention includes agents that exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and riboflavin. Conclusion. The comparative therapeutic role of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and riboflavin against DIH involves the reparation of hepatic histomorphological impairments and modulation of biochemical and molecular alterations that characterized the onset and progression of DIH.
A brief review of the cardiovascular complication of COVID-19 what is the pathophysiology of arrhythmia during infection?
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Djallalluddin, Djallalluddin; Utomo, Anggarda Kristianti; Wanahari, Tenri Ashari
Introduction and aim. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, significantly affects the cardiovascular system beyond its respiratory manifestations. This review examines the intricate relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications, focusing on cardiac arrhythmias and their underlying pathophysiology. Material and methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar from its inception to December 2024, including peer-reviewed articles published in English. Analysis of literature. In COVID-19, a spectrum of cardiovascular complications is observed, including acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, myocarditis, venous thromboembolism, and heart failure/cardiac shock. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19 involves multiple mechanisms, primarily including direct viral cardiotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and hypercoagulability. Arrhythmias are a common cardiac complication in COVID-19, encompassing a range of disturbances, from bradycardia to ventricular fibrillation. The mechanisms underlying arrhythmias in COVID-19 are multifaceted, including direct viral injury to cardiomyocytes, hypoxia, systemic inflammation, hyperthermia, autonomic imbalance, electrolyte imbalances, side effects of medications, and drug-drug interactions. Conclusion. Understanding the complex interplay of these factors is crucial for the early diagnosis and appropriate management of cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19. To mitigate cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with COVID-19, cardiovascular monitoring and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies are highly recommended.
Evaluation of nutritional knowledge in relation to primary prevention of doctors and nurses in Morocco
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Ben Allal, Zohra; Najdi, Adil; El Mlili, Nisrin
Introduction and aim. Currently, Morocco suffers the burden of non-communicable diseases. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in guiding the population toward healthy dietary choices, which can reduce the risk of these types of diseases. This study aims to assess nutritional knowledge in relation to primary prevention of doctors and nurses working in the hospital network and primary health care facilities in Morocco. Material and methods. The study population consists of 472 nurses and 185 physicians. A self-administered questionnaire composed of four main sections (nutrition by the Mediterranean diet; nutrition for children; nutrition for pregnant and breastfeeding women; and nutrition for the elderly) was used for data collection. Results. The Mediterranean diet obtained the highest score of 0.46 (IQR [0.30, 0.53]) for physicians. But for nurses, the highest score was for child nutrition 0.33 (IQR [0, 0.333]). Our results reveal a statistically significant association of the median total score of answers of health professionals with basic training (p<0.001), receiving information on nutrition (p<0.001), their degree (doctors or nurses) (p<0.001) and the workplace (p<0.001). Conclusion. The training programs of the medical faculties and nursing training institutes in Morocco should be revised in favor of a more in-depth training in nutrition.
Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of phenolic components of Iraqi sumac (Rhus coriaria)
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Hassan, Sarah Falah; Abu Raghif, Ahmed R.; Kadhim, Enas Jawad; Ridha-Salman, Hayder; Abbas, Alaa Hamza
Introduction and aim. Hyperlipidemia is a pathogenic disease associated with significant cardiovascular complications. Rhus coriaria, traditionally recognized as sumac, is abundant in numerous phenolic constituents that enhance its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The aim was to investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of phenolic constituents of R. coriaria. Material and methods. 32 male albino mice were assigned at random into 4 groups (n=8). Group 1 (control), group 2 (induced), group 3 (atorvastatin) and group 4 (phenolic). All groups received a diet that was rich in fat for a duration of 28 days, except the control group, which instead consumed a standard diet. Group 2 received no treatment, while group 3 and group 4 received atorvastatin 10 mg/kg and phenolic fractions of R. coriaria 500 mg/kg, respectively, for a further 28 days. Lipid profiles, oxidative indicators, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathological examination were estimated. Results. Phenolic fractions substantially improved total cholesterol (167.5±2.4 vs. 280.4±17.6 mg/dL), triglycerides (181.1±12.5 vs. 238.6±11.05 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (109.0±1.6 vs. 209.2±16.8 mg/dL), and very low-density lipoprotein (36.2±2.5 vs. 47.7±2.21), while raising high-density lipoprotein levels (42.3±1.8 vs. 23.5±2.3 mg/dL) as opposed to the induced group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the phenolic constituents significantly reduced liver enzyme activities like alanine transaminase (27.4±1.8 vs. 45.2±2.8 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (31.7±2.1 vs. 44.9±2.0 U/L), and alkaline phosphatase (28.0±2.1 vs.50.9±1.9 U/L), and decreased total blood bilirubin (0.6±0.08 vs. 1.7±0.1 mg/dL) and albumin (4.7±0.7 vs. 6.6±0.3 g/dL) when compared to the induced nontreated group (p<0.05). Phenolic treatment also alleviated tissue malondialdehyde (221.09±3.2 vs. 475.98±44.02 nmol/mL) and increased reduced glutathione (35.48±1.86 vs. 11.65±0.78 μg/mL) as compared to the group without induced non-treated group (p<0.05) and restored liver histopathological changes. Conclusion. Phenolic compounds have the potential to treat hyperlipidemia due to their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
Impact of diabetes on dengue – a comparative study of clinical and inflammatory variables in patients with and without diabetes
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Jafri, Asif Dabeer; Dhar, Srikant Kumar; Maiti, Sourav; Janardhanan S., Aparna; Dash, Abhijit; Rizvi, Kayenaat; Verma, Alka
Introduction and aim. Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease and its severity may be influenced by comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, which can alter the inflammatory and clinical response. This study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and inflammatory markers between patients with and without diabetes who were diagnosed with dengue infection. Material and methods. The retrospective observational study included 100 patients with confirmed dengue infection, divided equally into 50 with diabetes and 50 without. It examined the distribution of age, HbA1C levels, clinical symptoms, bleeding events, liver enzymes, and inflammatory markers. Correlation analyzes were conducted to assess the relationship between HbA1C levels and inflammatory markers within each group. In addition, inflammatory markers were compared in different age categories (<50 years and ≥50 years) and by diabetic status. Results. Laboratory findings, including liver enzymes and inflammatory markers, were markedly elevated in the diabetic cohort (p<0.001). The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between HbA1c and inflammatory markers in the diabetic group (r>0.8, p<0.001), while weaker correlations were observed in the non-diabetic group (r=0.4–0.6, p<0.001). Inflammatory markers were significantly higher in diabetic patients, particularly those 50 and older. Conclusion. Diabetes may contribute to a more intense inflammatory response in dengue, highlighting it as an independent risk factor for severe clinical outcomes in dengue infection.
Evaluation of corin and copeptin as novel biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome – diagnostic accuracy and associations with cardiometabolics
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Raheem, Rehab Refaat; Jassim Hammod, Hanan
Introduction and aim. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 5–18% of women of reproductive age and is intricately linked to metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risks. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of copeptin and corin as potential biomarkers in PCOS and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Material and methods. This case-control study included 60 women diagnosed with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) and 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of copeptin and corin and metabolic parameters were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, logistic regression, and correlation tests. Results. The results revealed significantly elevated corin (1450.23±264.91 vs. 619.17±159.19 pg/mL, p<0.001) and copeptin levels (5.81±1.66 vs. 2.46±0.64 ng/mL, p<0.001) in patients with PCOS compared to controls. Both biomarkers were strongly correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: r=0.648 for corin and r=0.750 for copeptin) and dyslipidemia. ROC analysis demonstrated exceptional associative biomarker precisions for corin (AUC=1.00) and copeptin (AUC=0.89). Univariate regression identified corin (odds ratio [OR]=1.018) and copeptin (OR=1.344) as independent predictors of PCOS. Conclusion. This study identified plasma corin and copeptin levels as potential biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis and risk stratification. Elevated corin levels predict infertility, while copeptin levels correlate with metabolic dysfunction, particularly in obese, insulin resistant phenotypes.
Ultrasonography of the salivary glands in the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis – a probabilistic approach
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Abogabal, Mervat; ElBakry, Samah A.; AboulFotouh M. Khalil, Adham; Hammoda, Rasha Mahmoud; El-Asfahani, Marwa Adel; Morad, Caroline Samy
Introduction and aim. To evaluate the role of salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) in differentiating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with or without Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) using a probability method and to study the relation between secondary SS (sSS) and RA disease characteristics. Material and methods. One hundred RA patients with disease duration ≥5 years underwent detailed history taking, examination, routine laboratory testing, Schirmer’s test, unstimulated salivary flow rate and SGUS of the 4 major salivary glands using Salaffi and Outcome Measures In Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT) scores. Results. Patients sum with probabilities for sSS ≤20% and ≥80% were (39/100) before and (90/100) after SGUS with a highly significant difference (p<0.001).There was significantly more frequent carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), longer RA disease duration and higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in RA patients with sSS compared to those without (p<0.05). There was highly significant agreement between Salaffi and OMERACT scores in gland evaluation by kappa test. The highest ultrasound OMERACT score of SG showed significant positive correlation with both Disease Activity Score-28-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS-28 ESR score) and ESR in RA patients. Conclusion. Secondary SS is frequent in RA patients especially in association with longer disease duration, higher anti-CCP antibody titer and CTS. SGUS is a useful tool that helps diagnosing and grading the severity of SS in RA. SS severity correlates with RA disease activity.
The knowledge of society regarding health-promoting behaviors in oncology
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Antoszewska, Adrianna; Sokołowska, Aldona; Jasiewicz, Maria; Słoma, Paweł; Skrzynecka, Sabina; Lasek, Aleksandra; Lubas, Cezary; Florek, Julia; Zacher, Klaudia; Znamirowska, Katarzyna; Michalik, Julia; Ziaja, Natalia; Sas-Korczyńska, Beata
Introduction and aim. Enhancing awareness, early detection, and fostering health-seeking behavior is imperative to address the growing problem of cancer, advocating for basic health education from an early age to reduce morbidity and mortality. Material and methods. The survey was carried out in two forms: paper and online. The research tool was a questionnaire, consisting of 25 closed-ended questions. Results. While 95.5% denied the presence of personal cancer, 63% reported family history. Despite awareness of the impact (83% women; 81% men), 44% consume fast food monthly. Self-examination rates are low: only 37% perform it regularly; 45% of men lack knowledge of testicular examination. Conclusions. Health campaigns across all age groups are necessary to promote cancer prevention and early detection, with a focus on educating both men and women on self-examination due to inadequate knowledge levels.
Association of interleukin-1β gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of gastric ulcer in Southern Odisha, India
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Agarwal, Suman; Naik, Aparupa; Behera, Samira Kumar; Purohit, Prasanta; Mohanty, Sudhanshu Sekhar
Introduction and aim. The occurrence of gastric ulcer (GU) is influenced by many factors including interleukin 1β (IL-1β) gene polymorphisms. In this study, the association of GU with IL-1β gene polymorphisms was investigated in patients with gastric disorders. Material and methods. The patients were categorized into two groups, group 1: patients with normal impression in the upper-GI-endoscopy (n=135); group 2: patients with GU (n=135). Three single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of IL-1β gene [rs16944 (–511 C/T), rs1143627 (–31 C/T) and rs1143634 (+3954 C/T)] were investigated by PCR-RFLP method. Results. The association of IL-1β gene polymorphisms and occurrence of GU along with other factors (socio-demographic and habits) showed patients with smoking, alcohol intake and NSAID use was high in group 2. For SNVs and occurrence of GU, rs1143627 (–31 ‘TT’) genotype was significantly high in group 2 (21.48%) compared to group 1 (9.63%), while the other two genotypes were comparable. Further, there was no association of any genotypes with smoking, alcohol intake and NSAID use, except NSAID use with rs1143627 (–31 C/T) in group 1. Conclusion. The findings revealed, the habits like smoking, alcohol intake and recurrent NSAID use may influence the occurrence of GU while, the IL-1β gene polymorphisms have minimal impact on the occurrence of GU.
Comparative diagnostic utility of leptin and resistin as inflammatory biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Kadhum, Akram Hassan; Ali, Baida Rihan
Introduction and aim. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality. Although traditional risk factors are known, adipokines, such as leptin (LEP) and resistin (RETN), are emerging as potential biomarkers involved in the inflammatory and metabolic processes underlying AMI. This study aimed to evaluate serum LEP and RETN levels in patients with AMI. Material and methods. This case-control study included 60 patients diagnosed with AMI and 60 healthy controls recruited from the Nasiriyah Heart Hospital, Thi-Qar Province. Serum levels of LEP and RETN were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. AMI patients exhibited significantly elevated LEP (3.79±2.0 vs. 1.43±0.7 ng/mL, p<0.001) and RETN (606±325 vs. 289±160 ng/L, p<0.001) compared to controls. Both adipokines were positively correlated with high-sensitive troponin I (Hs-TnI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglycerides (p<0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy for LEP (AUC=0.964; cutoff >2.23 ng/mL, derived from internal study data) and moderate accuracy for RETN (AUC=0.878; cutoff >305.9 ng/L). The sensitivity and specificity of the LEP were 93% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion. LEP demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in our cohort, and its clinical application requires validation in larger prospective studies. The association between RETN and AMI likely reflects inflammatory sequelae rather than predictive utility.
Impact of melatonin on platelets during oxidative stress – an in vitro approach
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Berikai Ananthakrishna, Anusha; Christina Rajanand, Magdaline; Vani, Rajashekaraiah
Introduction and aim. Platelets are susceptible to oxidative damage due to metabolic pathways and oxygen-rich environments. Antioxidants combat oxidative stress (OS) and are currently employed in therapeutics. Melatonin has potent antioxidant properties; however, it has not been explored in platelet OS models. This study investigates the effect of melatonin on platelets during 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced OS. Material and methods. Platelets from Wistar rats (n=5) were grouped into controls (untreated), free radical-inducer (FRI: AAPH-treated), melatonin-treated (AO), and preincubated with melatonin and AAPH-treated (FRI+AO). OS and platelet markers were analyzed. Results. Antioxidant defenses decreased in FRI, whereas increased in AO and FRI+AO. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) increased in FRI, whereas advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and metabolism increased in AO compared to controls. Superoxides, AOPP, and ATP secretion increased, whereas LPO decreased in FRI+AO compared to FRI. However, aggregation increased in FRI and AO compared to Controls, whereas decreased in FRI+AO compared to FRI. Conclusion. OS models can give insights into the underlying redox status of the cells and modulations of antioxidants in platelets. The findings indicate that melatonin can modulate antioxidant defenses and alleviate OS in platelets. This study lays the foundation for further in vivo studies on platelet pathophysiology.
Significance of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and thrombus burden in acute coronary syndrome
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-09) Vijayraj, Prince; Raveekumaran, Vignessh
Introduction and aim. Thrombus burden (TB) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) pathogenesis with biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin that reflect systemic inflammatory and nutritional states. The CRP and albumin ratio (CAR) has emerged as a new composite marker, offering enhanced prognostic value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CAR and TB in patients with ACS and to assess the predictive utility of CAR compared to CRP and albumin individually. Material and methods. A hospital cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 93 patients ages 18–60 years with ACS who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). CAR was calculated and its association with TB was analyzed. Results. Of the participants, 9.7% had high tuberculosis. CAR, CRP, and albumin were significantly associated with TB (p<0.001). CAR showed the highest correlation (r=0.728) and perfect diagnostic accuracy (AUC=1), outperforming CRP (AUC=0.987) and albumin (AUC=0.030). High TB was significantly associated with the presentation of grade 1 TIMI and ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) presentation (p<0.05). Conclusion. CAR is a reliable, accessible and independent biomarker for predicting TB in ACS, and its incorporation into standard clinical protocols could improve early risk stratification, therapeutic decision-making, and patient outcomes. More multicentric study are warranted to validate its broader clinical applicability.

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