Polityka i Społeczeństwo nr 3(15)/2017

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http://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/3219

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    Strategia polityczna monarchii jordańskiej w warunkach zagrożenia jej egzystencji – na przykładzie kryzysów w latach 1957, 1970 i 1991
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Wróblewski, Bartosz
    The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is now one of the most stable Arab countries. Several times in its history, however, it underwent area period of serious internal conflicts. Jordan is a monarchy and the authority of the house of Hashemite comprises an axiom of its constitution. In 1957 and 1970 strong opposition dominated by the Palestinians posed a threat to the rule of the Hashemites. In 1991 the throne was not directly in danger, but the results of the Gulf War were destabilizing within the country. The article presents those three political crises and the way in which king Hussein defeated the opposition forces. The Hashemite made use of main internal divisions in Jordanian society, especially the antagonism between Palestinians and the citizens of Transjordan. This strategy has, until now, been effective.
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    Zmiana polityki imigracyjnej Japonii w okresie rządów premiera Shinzō Abe
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Batko, Agnieszka
    The aim of the article is to analyse changes in the immigration policy of Japan since 2012. The main reasons for undertaking such research are twofold. Firstly, it is the rapid decline in Japanese population. Secondly, it is a complex plan of economic revitalisation published by the government, in which immigration policy is one of the important components. The assumptions made in the article concern the current changes to immigration laws that constitute a substantial yet insufficient step towards transforming the perception of immigrants. The success of this policy is equally dependent on the change of attitude towards immigrants among Japanese people. Hence, the government should introduce certain initiatives aimed at changing this largely negative approach. With regards to methodology, mixed methods have been applied. From a quantitative perspective, statistics published by the Japanese Immigration Bureau and Ministry of Justice have been implemented. As for qualitative methods, official documents and reports as well as changes to the law have been analysed.
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    Demokracja wewnątrzzwiązkowa jako przedmiot obrad KKP i KK NSZZ „Solidarność” w latach 1980–1981
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Łabędź, Krzysztof
    In the article, against the background of normative assumptions about intra-union democracy, the difficulties in the implementation of these assumptions are presented, especially in operation of the management of the union, as well as its causes. Some of the fundamental problems faced during debates of the National Liaison Committee (later National Committee) in the years 1980–1981, i.e. related to the degree of openness of the debates and negotiations and the status of the union's press (the degree of subordination to the union's instances), observance of statutory regulations and resolutions in the situation imposing leaving them, progressive centralization of decisionmaking processes (including the special status of chairman), as well as real abilities of the influence of regional authorities and member masses on the decisions, the actual role of advisers and experts in decision-making, the lack of separation of powers (unity of the union authorities). The causes of these problems were complex – some of them resulted from the ongoing strength of political conflict, some of the characteristics of the existing, centralized system of governance in the state, other from the necessity of rapid and effective action, communication difficulties, lack of appropriate competences or, finally, personality predispositions of both members of the leadership, as well as the ordinary members of the union. As a result, throughout the period under consideration, despite a number of achievements in the implementation of democratic principles in the union, it became impossible to fully comply with them in the management's activity.