Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 9 (2014)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/2830

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Aktualnie wyświetlane 1 - 13 z 13

“Thirty years have passed ...”. Jubilee Rzeszów Archaeological Conference
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Panakhyd, Halyna
The development of society. The Maya state in the Pre-Classic period (1800 BC – 200 AD)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Rusek, Magdalena H.
The idea of a mutual relationship between an individual and the society to which this individual belongs emerged relatively early in the history of human thought. To fully understand how Maya statehood formed during the Pre-Classic period it is worth analysing sociological and anthropological theories referring to the concept of society. This is why the author tries to introduce the reader to the crucial notions and theories associated with the appearance of the first proto-state centres in the first part of my paper. The second part addresses the development and evolution of social and political structures in the Maya state directly. For a better perspective, the author has also decided to briefly present the fully developed social structure which is characteristic of the late Pre-Classic period and the classic Maya culture, which is a direct descendant of the earlier structures.
The problem of horse domestication. Selected issues
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Skrzyniecka, Weronika
The main goal of this paper is to discuss the current state of research on horse domestication in prehistory by using selected evidence. This article refers to the steppe origin of horse domestication. Recently, the debate on this problem concerns not only archaeological aspects but also specialist analyses, such as archaeozoology or genetics. The interdisciplinary character of the problems explored in this article creates significant research possibilities, especially with regard to the of origins and dating of horse domestication. All of these issues are still open for debate among archaeologists.
The main stages of the history of research of the western area of the Trypillian culture
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Skakun, Natalya; Terekhina, Vera; Tsvek, Elena
The history of archaeological research on the Trypillian sites in the western regions of Ukraine can be subdivided into four stages, each of which is marked by certain achievements. The first explorations resulted in the discovery of new archaeological objects, which gave rise to the discussion about the interpretation of constructions and functions of the settlements. The questions related to chronology, periodization, and excavation methodology were discussed as well. However, this activity was irregular and spontaneous, and the materials of many sites were scattered over different museums of Europe. The later stages of research gave very important data about the material and sacral components of the Trypillian culture, as well as its development, ways of adaptation to natural conditions, relative chronology of the sites, and their distribution. In the last years, the systematic excavations conducted at the reference site of Bodaki shed an important light on the economic basics of Trypillia. They also gave new materials for reconstructing the connections between the north-western and central areas of the culture, and its connections with the coeval farming-herding cultures of Europe.
Animal bone material from Lublin-Volhynia Grave 8 at Site 2 in Książnice, Pacanów commune, Świętokrzyskie Province
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Makowicz-Poliszot, Danuta
The article presents the results of zoological analysis of animal bones (45 pieces) from Grave 8 (Feature 3/08, the Lublin-Volhynia culture) discovered in 2008 in Książnice, Site 2. The identified remains (25 pieces) come from goats/sheep Capra hircus L./Ovis aries L. (Table 1).
An anthropological analysis of a skeleton from the Lublin-Wołyń culture grave in Książnice, site 2, Pacanów commune, Świętokrzyskie province
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Szczepanek, Anita
The paper presents an anthropological analysis of a skeleton from the Lublin-Volhynia culture grave – item 3/08. The skeleton was severely secondarily damaged. The preserved elements allow to determine that the bones belonged to an adult female individual of about 144–149 cm stature intra vitam.
An elite burial from the Copper Age: Grave 8 at the cemetery of the Lublin-Volhynian culture at Site 2 in Książnice, Świętokrzyskie Province
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Wilk, Stanisław
The paper describes an inhumation burial (Grave 8) discovered at the cemetery of the Lublin-Volhynian culture at Site 2 in Książnice, Świętokrzyskie Province, in August 2008. A skeleton of an adultus woman, lying in a flexed position on the left side, with the skull directed towards the south, was discovered at the depth of 55–60 cm in a partly destroyed rectangular burial pit. The unusually rich grave goods consisted of ten ornaments made from copper wire (two necklaces with spectacle-shaped pendants, two bracelets, two earrings and two rings), a chocolate flint retouched blade and a blade, as well as fragments of two clay vessels: a pear-shaped amphora and a pear-shaped goblet. The analysed burial is a perfect example of changes taking place in the social structure of the younger Danubian cultures at the turn of the 5th and the 4th millennia BC. It shows that the elite controlling trade exchange and the distribution of prestige objects in the Lublin-Volhynian culture included also women of high social standing.
Settlement of Danubian cultures in the area of Świecie Plateau
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Gackowski, Andrzej; Białowarczuk, Marcin
This article is an attempt at defining the basic factors which determined the settlement of cultures of Danubian origin in the area of Świecie Plateau. In case of the analysed area, this will concern the Linear Pottery Band culture as well as the Brześć Kujawski culture. The Świecie region was not chosen without reason. It is one of the areas on the Polish Lowland, where the character of colonization of the Early Neolithic communities has been explored relatively poorly. This contrasts with relatively well excavated areas of Greater Poland, Kuyavia or Chełmno Land. This study should not be treated as a comprehensive synthesis and reconstruction of all the phenomena of interest. Due to poor state of research, we had to leave out some essential issues, focusing on a general outline of the problem as well as the analysis of basic tendencies in distribution and location of settlement points of Danubian culture communities. The general evaluation of settlement of the Świecie area was based on the surface research data from studies conducted within the framework of the research project named “Archaeological Picture of Poland”. They will be supplemented by results of few field studies (Stare Marzy, site no. 5, commune of Dragacz), conducted as part of rescue excavations along the route of the planned highway A-1.
Stone artefacts made of amphibolite from the settlement of the Linear Band Pottery culture at the site 22 in Świlcza (Świlcza commune), in the context of the settlement network in the area of Rzeszów
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Nowak, Joanna
This article discusses stone artefacts made of amphibolite, which have been discovered within the area of the settlement of the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) at the site 22 in Świlcza (Świlcza commune). The researchers have found three adzes and a part of an unspecified tool at the site. These tools can be ascribed to the middle and late phase of the Linear Band Pottery culture. The products from amphibolite in the shape of a shoe-last are quite common at the sites of the discussed culture. The problem of naming this type of objects has been emphasised and a need to interpret their functions has been highlighted. The settlement in Świlcza is a part of a settlement network of that culture in the area of Rzeszow, which is also one of many settlement agglomerations of the Early Neolithic period in south-eastern Poland. Therefore, both the site itself and the artefacts recorded there will be presented in the context of the Linear Band Pottery culture settlement in the discussed area and more broadly in the light of similar finds from the area of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Two water wells of the LBK culture from the north part of the site of Kruszyn 3/10, Włocławek commune
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Rzepecki, Seweryn
The aim of the present paper is to present two water wells from a settlement of the LBK culture at the site of Kruszyn 3/10, Włocławek commune. The features under consideration are dated to phase IIB of this culture in Kuyavia. They represent the simplest, timberless types of devices which were used to supply water. The author also pays attention to non-utalitarian aspects connected with cult and ritual meaning of water wells in the LBK societies.
Gravettian Ceramic Firing Techniques in Central and Eastern Europe
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Kuczyńska-Zonik, Aleksandra
The main goal of this paper is to explore the diversity of Gravettian ceramics (30–20/16 thousand years ago), from Central and Eastern Europe. Most of the ceramic fragments were found in the Czech Republic. So far many ceramic analises have been made providing information about the technique of ceramic production in the Upper Paleolithic. Similar analyses have also been conducted in Russia allowing for comparing different types of ceramic production in various parts of Europe. The article discusses the finds ceramics from Czech (Pavlov, Dolni Věstonice) and Russian (Kostenki, Zaraysk) archaeogical sites and draws attention to features such as raw material, manufacturing and firing techniques and probable functions which such artefacts may have played. It is argued that the ability to produce ceramics in Gravettian cultures in Central and Eastern Europe developed at different times and in different ways.
Co-evolution of the upper limbs of early hominids and the origins of stonecraft
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Piątkowska, Katarzyna
This article discusses the subject of manipulative skills of early hominids in the context of stone toolmaking capabilities. A juxtaposition of morphological characteristics of fossilised bones with precise technological analyses, in particular studies on operational sequences (chaine operatoire) and debitage reassembly, allows us to determine which movement sequences were necessary to make tools. Analyses of the upper extremities of hominini are based on the comparison with well-studied principles which govern the functioning of the upper limb of Homo sapiens. Detailing the biomechanics of lithic reduction (stone knapping) by Homo sapiens enabled us to establish the required sequence of movements. This was compared with technological analyses of Lower Paleolithic materials. Based on biomechanical and technological studies we arrived at a number of characteristics in the morphological structure of upper limbs which could make it easier to specify which species had been capable of making tools. The set of characteristics was compared with data from analyses of fossilised bones of early hominids.
Editor’s note
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2014) Kadrow, Sławomir

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