Medical Review T. 14, z. 4 (2016)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/2653

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Advances in the diagnostics of eye diseases
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Romańczuk, Helena; Mazur, Artur
The advances in the diagnostics of eye diseases have been presented in the work including the optic coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, ultrabiomicroscopy and perimetry. Introduction: The advances in the diagnostics of eye diseases during the last decade of the 20th century and in 21st century is incomparable with the corresponding, earlier periods of development of that discipline. This can be attributed, inter alia, to the pace of the development of imaging techniquesat present at the level close to the histological picture. Objective: The latest methods of diagnosis of changes of the front and back of the eye have been presented in the paper. Material and method: The overview of the current national and foreign literature has been done, mainly for over 10 last years. The following databases have been searched: PubMed and Polska Bibliografia Lekarska.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of plantar fasciitis
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Wyszyńska, Justyna; Podgórska-Bednarz, Justyna; Świtała, Anna; Skrzypiec, Julian
Plantar fasciitis is reported as the most common cause of chronic plantar heel pain. An extra-corporeal shock waves have been used in the treatment of plantar fasciitis with promising results. The purpose of this paper was to present results from randomized controlled trials to estimate of the effectiveness of ESWT in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Method: MEDLINE, EBCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink databases were searched, using the keywords: ESWT, plantar fasciitis, shock wave, randomized clinical trials. Results: Ten randomized clinical trials was critically appraised. Eight studies report significant decreases in pain symptoms and better function scores associated with an extra-corporeal shock wave therapy. However two studies show no meaningful improvement of clinical outcome in patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciitis compared with placebo. Summary: In most cases shockwaves therapy was a safe and effective method for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis and helped the patient to avoid surgery for recalcitrant heel pain but warrants further larger studies.
Assessing the impact of the stability training on fitness rated with the Functional Movement Screen Test in a group of professional football players
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Kołodziej, Gabriela; Kołodziej, Krzysztof
Introduction: Football is a dynamic, ever-growing team sport. It’s fast action and spectacular character give this sport the title of the most popular in the world. However, due to its specificity it is related with a high risk of injury. An important element of injury prevention is comprehensive functional assessment of the player. The Functional Movement Screen Test is used as a tool to assess the risk of injury and basic movement patterns to determine the occurrence of disorders within the musculoskeletal system. Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the level of functional performance of football players who have stability exercises in their daily training sessions and of the players without such training. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Rzeszow and the surrounding area on a group of 120 players. The functional assessment was performed using FMS test. Results: In the study group of players high level of functionality was observed. However, in the control group a series of tests showed an asymmetry and irregularities in the basic movement patterns. Conclusions: The study gave answers to the research questions.
The evaluation of demand for education regarding prevention of skin cancers
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Pięciak-Kotlarz, Danuta; Gawełko, Jan; Penar-Zadarko, Beata; Wolan, Maja; Sas-Korczyńska, Beata
Skin cancers are a significant oncological problem in the twenty-first century. Global epidemiological studies show 2-fold increase in the incidence in each decade. One of the essential elements of prevention is public knowledge on the etiology of skin cancers. The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes and the demand for education on the prevention of skin cancers in open population. Material and methods. 106 people were enrolled in the study during social action “Festival of Health”. The vast majority of respondents were women from urban areas. The mean age of the respondents was 37,2. The method of diagnostic survey was used in the study and a questionnaire of interview was applied. The results were analyzed statistically by means of chi-square test. Results. The poorest knowledge about risk factors for skin cancers showed the respondents with the lowest level of education, while those with higher education were twice as likely to recognize self-inspection of the skin as a method of prevention in comparison with the respondents with vocational education. In turn, the latter most rarely paid attention to the necessity of self- inspection of the skin, use of protective filters and protection during sunny days. Other respondents showed a greater responsibility in the use of anticancer prevention. The respondents with at least high school education more often had knowledge that change in shape or color of pigmented mole on the skin can signal development of cancer. Conclusions: The study showed that the level of education is the most important factor differentiating the level of knowledge about the prevention of skin cancer. The frequency of consultations with a specialist in connection with the presence of alarming moles on the skin was not associated with gender and the level of education.
Assessment of functional capacity and the risk of falls in the elderly with mild and moderate stage dementia
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Skubal, Anna; Sudoł, Izabela; Ciąpała, Gabriela; Ćwirlej-Sozańska, Agnieszka; Wiśniowska-Szurlej, Agnieszka; Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, Anna
Introduction: Dementia is a common problem among the elderly. Cognitive impairments may cause difficulty in performing basic activities of daily living. The deterioration of physical and / or mental capacity can lead to the necessity of institutional care over patients. Aim: To assess functional capacity and the risk of falls in the elderly with mild and moderate dementia. Material and Methods: The study group included 146 people aged 60-90 residing in the Residential Home as well as Care and Treatment Centre in the south-eastern Poland. Cognitive and functional capacity, balance, and the risk of falls were assessed using the following scales and clinical tests: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Time Up & Go test, Tinetti test, Berg Balance Scale. Results: It has been demonstrated that individuals with dementia were characterized by reduced capacity in performing basic activities of daily living. More than half of the patients with mild and moderate dementia presented 5-times higher risk of falls than those without dementia. Moderate risk of falls was observed in 76.1% of patients with moderate dementia. Conclusions: Cognitive impairments decrease the capacity to perform basic activities of daily living. The higher the stage of dementia, the worse the balance and the greater the risk of falling. It is necessary to develop simple rehabilitation programs allowing to maintain the highest possible level of functional capacity in the elderly patients with dementia under institutional care.
Application of the log-linear analysis to choose determinants of disability among the elderly residents of south-eastern Poland
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Ćwirlej-Sozańska, Agnieszka; Sozański, Bernard; Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, Anna
Introduction: Many variables in research in the area of medical and health sciences are qualitative in nature. A common statistical tool used to analyze them is the χ2 test. However, it does not allow us to assess the relationship between a number of variables and distinguish the factors determining the investigated phenomenon. A more accurate tool is the log-linear analysis, which enable the researcher to evaluate the dependences and interactions between the studied variables. Purpose: Description of the use of log-linear analysis on the example of the cross-sectional study on disability of the elderly. Material and methods: The assessment of disability and the choice of the factors that determine it was carried out on the results of a survey of 800 randomly selected people aged 71-80 years from the area of south-eastern Poland. The research tool was a WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire and a respondent’s particulars. The log-linear model was used for the analysis. In order to evaluate the fitting of the model, the Pearson’s χ2 and the χ2 maximum likelihood statistics, R2 and A coefficients were used . Results: Education, adjustments of a house / flat, physical exercises have a significant impact on the prevalence of disability in the study group . Conclusions: The log-linear analysis allows us to determine the effect not only of individual variables on the formation of an independent variable, but also their interactions and the determination the odds occurrence of a dependent variable according to different qualitative categories of dependent variables. The information obtained in this way is a valuable clue to take practical action to decrease or increase the severity of the studied phenomenon.
Stress at work and in everyday life and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Bejer, Agnieszka; Bieniek, Roksana
Introduction: Repetitive or long-lasting activity of stressors can cause cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this paper was to assess dependence between the level of intensity of stress at work and in everyday life and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Material and methods: One hundred people (50 with cardiovascular disease and 50 healthy ones) were answering the questions from the HSE survey to assess stress at work, SRRS survey to assess stressful events and Mini-COPE survey to assess coping with stress. Results: It was stated that healthy people as well as treated people suffering from cardiovascular disease experience stress at work. However, the people from the comparison group were under less strain than the people from the test group (p = 0,0044). It was also indicated that the people from the test group more often resigned from undertaking efforts to cope with a difficult situation (p = 0,0459). Conclusions: People suffering from cardiovascular disease are significantly more often under strain at work and slightly more under strain in everyday life than healthy people. Simultaneously, healthy people were coping better with stress than people with cardiovascular disease.
The health status and quality of life of veterans
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Muzalewska, Małgorzata; Truszczyńska, Aleksandra; Drzał-Grabiec, Justyna
Introduction. Military operations are associated with high health risks, and loss of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of military missions on quality of life, health, family and social situation of Polish veterans. An additional aim was to examine how often they suffered from injuries, as well as their subjective evaluation of physiotherapy after returning to the country. Material and methods. The study involved 60 people: in the study group there were 30 soldiers - veterans (28 men and 2 women) and in control group there were 30 soldiers, who had not participated in missions (28 men and 2 women). The age of the group of veterans was 22 to 58 years, mean age 33.45 ± 11.04 years. The age of the control group was 43 to 21 years, mean 25.10 ± 4.41 years. The test was performed with the use of authors’ own surveys and with two questionnaires: Rolland-Morris and WHOQOL Bref. Results. The reasons that motivated the soldiers to go on a mission was mainly their desire to improve their financial situation and to take the opportunity to gain experience. Injuries were experienced by 10 soldiers (33%) soldiers. Soldiers’ physical activity, fitness, quality of life and health deteriorated after mission. Return to the home country was related to changes in the psychosocial environment. Conclusions. 1. Participation in military missions contributed to negative changes in behavior of soldiers and in relationships with relatives and strangers. 2. Despite these, the veterans evaluated their the quality of life and health as well.
Leisure Time Physical Activity of 11-year-old Children from the District of Rzeszow
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Milewska, Natalia; Wiśniowska-Szurlej, Agnieszka; Rejman, Ewelina; Ćwirlej-Sozańska, Agnieszka; Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, Anna
Introduction: Physical activity is an integral part of human life. Younger school age is a period in which child’s development is conditioned by their activity. Physical stimulation during this period is important from a medical and psychological perspective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors on the level of physical activity and ways of spending leisure time by 11-year-old children from the district of Rzeszow. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 313 primary school children from the district of Rzeszow, 75 pupils from the city and 238 from rural areas, 164 girls and 149 boys aged 11. The study was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey in a form of a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Results: In the study group, no significant statistical differences between a place of residence and a number of days devoted to physical activity by children were found. The most common form of activity in their leisure time were classes at the swimming pool and table tennis. The most popular passive form of leisure was watching TV. Statistically significant differences between gender and the amount of time spent at the computer were found. Boys spent more time at the computer than girls. Conclusions: There was no relationship between social environment and the level of physical activity and the way of spending leisure time in the tested children. Boys spent more time on passive forms of recreation. Statistically significant correlation between gender and time spent at the computer was found.
Assessment of spatio-temporal gait parameters in the group of 9 years old healthy children
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Szymczyk, Daniel; Majewska, Joanna; Szczepanik, Magdalena; Bazarnik-Mucha, Katarzyna; Snela, Sławomir; Skrzypiec, Julian
Introduction: Gait analysis can be defined as a measurement, description and assessment of human locomotion. The development of quantitative gait analysis methods and their increasing application to pathological gait assessment in children has created an urgent need for establishing normative data. The spatio-temporal gait parameters must be compared with valid reference data for the appropriate interpretation. Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of the spatio-temporal gait parameters of 9 years old healthy children, considering the subject’s gender and the potential difference between right and left lower limb. Additional purpose of our study was to develop own reference data for the gait analysis in this age group. Material and methods: 42 healthy, nine years old children (19 girls, 23 boys), participated in this study. 3D gait analysis was performed using the computerized optoelectronic system (BTS Smart, Italy). Basic spatio-temporal gait parameters (percentage share of the stance and swing phase, right and left lower limb step lenght, as well as step frequency and average gait speed, were anylysed. Results: Our research showed no statistically significant influence of gender, and no differences between the right and left lower limbs on most of the gait parameters in the study group.

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