Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 11 (2016)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/2922

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Aktualnie wyświetlane 1 - 14 z 14

Listy Cioci Zosi: Korespondencja prof. Józefa Kostrzewskiego z czasów jego okupacyjnej tułaczki po Podkarpaciu (III 1941–IV 1942)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Prinke, Andrzej
Polish Archaeological Investigations on Linear Construction Projects – Contemporaneity and Tradition
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Chochorowski, Jan
Research excavations accompanying large construction projects have become the most important collective experience for Polish archaeologists over the last twenty years. The lack of substantive control from the state over the selection of the contractors conducting these excavations has resulted in the erosion of the rules of methodologically proper conduct, and even (sometimes) in the excavations losing their status as research activity. Despite having great traditions in the realisation of large-scale programs of archaeological research, the Polish archaeological community proved vulnerable to phenomena such as the loss of corporate solidarity, professional ethos, and sense of mission.
Bronze Age Hoard of Axes Found in Oficjałów, Opatów Commune, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Florek, Marek
In 2011, a hoard consisting of 3 bronze flanged axes (with a funnel-shaped face), so called Bohemian type was found in the village Oficjałów, Opatów commune, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The hoard can be dated to the middle period of the Bronze Age (HA1 phase). Regarding Polish territories, similar axes, mainly discovered in hoards, rarely individually, occasionally in burial complexes, are known mostly from Silesia, and also from western Lesser Poland, rarely from other regions. This is the third hoard of bronze items discovered on the Sandomierz Uplands and the first one containing axes. It may be the evidence of influence of the Western Lesser Poland group of the Lusatian culture (possibly even in the form of infiltration of small groups of people) on “Lusatian settlement” appearing on the Sandomierz Uplands. What is more, we cannot exclude the possibility that, together with other hoards and individual bronze artefacts from this area, it is the evidence of contacts of the local group of the Trzciniec culture with the “Lusatian” environment in the Sandomierz Upland.
Two Fibulae from the Early Iron Age Found out of Context in Eastern Wielkopolska
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Kaczmarek, Maciej; Wawrzyniak, Mateusz
The paper discusses the non-contextual finds of two bronze fibulae, coming from the Early Iron Age, revealed in eastern Wielkopolska by amateur metal detecting searchers (detectorists). One of them represents an unknown form, morphologically similar to Tłukomy type, whereas the other one (only its bow has been preserved) probably belongs to the Wymysłowo-Wroblewo type, isolated in the items collection as a brooch with a decorative foot (Fusszierfibeln). Both copies are an element to research the relative chronology of the decline of the Hallstatt period and the beginning of the Pre-Roman period in Wielkopolska.
A Few Remarks on the Presence of Wood in Funeral Rites of the Lusatian Cultural in the Lublin Region
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Kłosińska, Elżbieta Małgorzata
In the Early Iron Age, there were burial cemeteries (Bliskowice, Krupy, Lublin-Jakubowice Murowane) in the Lublin region where wooden chests/sarcophagi were built, probably as family graves. These cemeteries were arranged in order: rows of graves were running along the E-W axis, and each chest was located along the S-N axis. The dead, equipped with vessels and animal food, were burnt together with the chest. This custom refers to the burial rite performed by the population of the Western-Podolian Scythian culture. Previously, in the Bronze Age, population of the Lusatian culture used wood during funerary rites, but to a lesser extent (palisades and fences).
Notes on Bronze Age Flintwork
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Dąbrowski, Jan
The article is a brief overview of current state of research on the issue of production and use of flint tools in the Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Iron Age in Poland. Both special purpose tools and tools manufactured ad hoc are known to be widely used throughout Bronze Age. Usewear analysis of materials from Poland and Germany made an interesting contribution. Also flint mines were functioning at that time.
The Younger Bronze Age and the Beginning of the Iron Age in Chełmno Land in the Light of the Evaluation of Selected Finds of Metal Products
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Gackowski, Jacek
The article presents selected finds, both previously discovered and recent ones made of metal (bronze and iron), originating from Chełmno land and related with the settlement of the Lusatian population in the Younger Bronze Age and at the beginning of the Iron Age. Due to the discovery of several casting workshops and other traces of local bronze production, it is possible to assume that a certain selection of ornaments, weapons and tools was produced locally. However, the stylistic and utility models were always of supra-regional origin, for which many analogies can be found in the area of Kuyavia, Greater Poland and Silesia. Similar provenance has been noticed for iron objects discussed in the research.
Absolute Chronology of the Komarów Culture in the Upper Dniester Basin in Light of Research at the Bukivna Cemetery
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Makarowicz, Przemysław; Cwaliński, Mateusz; Romaniszyn, Jan
The purpose of this article is to specify the absolute chronology of the Komarów culture in the Upper Dniester basin on the basis of the analysis of research results concerning barrows in Bukivna, Ivano-Frankivsk region. Statistical methods – seriation and correspondence analysis – have been used for this purpose. Thanks to the capabilities of Oxcal v. 4.2.5 calibration program, a series of radiocarbon dates for six barrows was interpreted. The sequence (succession) of construction of the excavated mounds and the time periods in which they were built were determined. Within the first group of monuments they were erected every few dozens of years. The construction period in this group can be estimated (95.4%) for a maximum of 275 years (1826–1551 BC) and with a high probability (68.2%) for 132 years (1756–1624 BC). On the basis of the findings of the Bukivna necropolis, it is to be expected that the Komarów culture community of the Upper Dniester buried their dead in the mounds for 200–300 years, i.e. for a shorter period of time than it was previously assumed.
Between Chronos and Kairos – Existential Dilemma of an Archaeologist
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Mierzwiński, Andrzej
Archaeology wants to estimate the moment of origin of every thing, with all the related phenomena or processes. It wants to master the methods of measuring their duration. An ordinary archaeologist feels more like a chronometrist than an expert in man in different cultural contexts. Perhaps listening to the bustle of everyday life should constitute the essence of our efforts. Normalized time, regarded as objectively given, marginalizes cognitive importance of heterogeneous time, which is a unique, axiological measure of specific reality. Chronos, an all-preceding god, is the possessor of the repeated and evenly passing (eternal) time. In our research he thus dominates socially inclined Kairos, the youngest of gods, who brings the right time to perform an action. Volatile gift of Kairos has to be grasped at the right moment and given a unique meaning, i.e. value. Thanks to the scientific contextualization of time one can freely refer to the time of Chronos.
From Magical Valorization to Radiocarbon Chronology. Changes in Determining Age of Prehistoric Artifacts
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Woźny, Jacek
Changes in determining age of prehistoric artifacts are closely linked to the search for objective grounds for reconstructing the history of human culture. In the Middle Ages, the origin of archaeological finds was explained by natural forces. For instance, it was thought that the Earth gives birth to vessels and keeps the bones of mythical creatures. For the religious worldview, it was the Bible that constituted the basis for perceiving the world. Chronology of ancient monuments referred to biblical events. Findings of antediluvian animals and plants were described. The existence of an antediluvian man was discussed. The age of these findings was estimated to reach several thousand years BC. Scientific methods of studying the chronology of prehistory developed in the mid-19th century, after the introduction of system of three ages by C.J. Thomsen. It was thought that social evolution was an objective source of cultural change, corresponding with K. Darwin’s ideas. Improvement of methods for determining the age of archaeological artifacts took place in the second half of the 20th century, thanks to C14 dating. Despite the conviction of archaeologists of the objectivity of radiocarbon chronology, it raises many objections and controversies. This proves that there is no single research method leading to objective knowledge about prehistory.
About the Chronology of the Beginning of the Metal Ages
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Kadrow, Sławomir
This article discusses the cases of the Bayesian analysis of series of AMS radiocarbon indications that modify our knowledge of the relative and absolute chronology of the Copper Age in the Great Hungarian Plain and the beginning of the Bronze Age in southern Germany and Central Europe. The results of relevant analyses have been reported as well as their importance for better understanding of the determinants of chronological and periodization patterns has been commented.
A Few Remarks on the Chronology and Periodization in Archaeology
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Gediga, Bogusław
The issue of chronology and periodization has been a concern not only for the world of Polish archaeology, and it has never ceased to be a current problem. Both of these terms are generally interchangeable and refer mainly to the chronology, or strictly dating the prehistory sequence, for which there are no written records in which we would have absolute dates of particular events. The range of chronological issues was synthetically presented in the entry “Chronology (Chronologie)” in volumes of “Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde”. The achievement made by Ch. J. Thomson, in the form of distinguishing three-age system, was the first attempt to divide the prehistory, not only according to the time sequence, but to show the changes in the culture depiction and thus the periodization of history. However, this technological and raw material criterion is undermined. In Polish archaeological literature the three-age system became the subject of lively discussion in the post-war years, which was linked with ideological changes. At present, these attempts should be made again from the periodization of particular elements of culture, and at a later stage an attempt to synchronize the obtained effects should be made and construct an overall picture of the periodization of prehistory and culture of prehistoric societies.
Systems of Periodization Developed and Used to Study the Urnfield Period in Slovakia
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Furmánek, Václav; Mitáš, Vladimír
The authors offer review of systems of periodization dealing with issues of the Urnfield Period in Slovakia. They refer to the general principles on which chronological and synchronisation models are based, but also on their creation and use. The elements of current periodization of the Bronze Age have been evolving in Europe since the late 19th and the early 20th centuries (O. Montelius, P. Reinecke), and these systems were further developed. Specifically, the authors deal with more than twenty systems of periodization and synchronisation, which are gradually discussed and then introduced schematically. These systems were developed by Slovak researchers (M. Novotna, V. Furmanek, S. Demeterova and others) during the 20th and the early 21st centuries. In modified form, these systems are being used to study the Urnfield Period up to the present day.
Editor’s note
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Rozwałka, Andrzej

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