Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 13 (2018)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/4869

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Stari (Old) Ras and Sopoćani: Challenges and Opportunities in Managing UNESCO Cultural Heritage
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Špehar, Perica; Debljović Ristić, Nevena; Špehar, Olga
For its numerous medieval monuments, the Raška region in and around modern Novi Pazar in southwestern Serbia was put on UNESCO ’s list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites in 1979 under the name of Stari Ras and Sopoćani. It consists of several components: the Medieval Town of Ras, St. Peter’s church in Novi Pazar, the Monastery of Đurđevi Stupovi and the Monastery of Sopoćani. As a living organism, situated in an intensely multi-ethnic area that was and still is on the crossroads of diverse peoples and influences, the Stari Ras and Sopoćani area is very challenging to manage, because the needs of cultural heritage workers and the needs of functioning monastic communities and the expanding city of Novi Pazar have to be reconciled. This paper aims at presenting the monuments that are incorporated into the Stari Ras and Sopoćani heritage site, as well as showing the character of the region and the challenges and opportunities of managing a cultural heritage site in regard to the diverse actual conditions.
Gone with the Wind? Early Medieval Central Places in Today’s Rural Areas. Between Research, Preservation and Re-Enactment: An Introduction
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Florkiewicz, Iwona; Wołoszyn, Marcin
The article presents remarks on the social context of archaeology. Its high cost and permanent presence in public space mean that the functioning of archaeology (much more than other disciplines, such as historical studies) depends on the current political situation. Our discipline was a source of entertainment for the elites (the Middle Ages), a form of legitimising monarchy (the Early Modern Era), and a building block of national pride (the 19th–20th c.). Contrary to what we initially hoped for, the Internet, which has been gaining in popularity since the end of the last century, has brought more control than freedom and enables – for the first time on this scale – creating closed-off communities that hold radical views, which are sometimes absurd in the eyes of science. This is also the case of notions about the past, an excellent Polish example of which is the theory of Great Lechia. The popularity of this myth and the fact that fake archaeology was constructed around it is proof that the past is very far from being gone with the wind, and the need to reconstruct it is also present in our – so very post-modern – world. All this warrants an attempt to reflect on the way in which notions about the past are created by archaeologists, including those who work away from great centres of civilisation.
The Princely City of Zvenyhorod: The State of Conservation, the Concept of Protective Measures and the Prospect of Scientific Research
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Hupalo, Vira
The article explains the motivation for creating a historical and cultural reserve and park within the remaining relics of the ancient Ruthenian city of Zvenyhorod. The author presents a brief history of the city, the main results of archaeological research, the need to continue to study the site, and the prospects for its popularisation. The article focuses on the role and significance of Zvenyhorod as the capital of the principality of the same name for the genesis of urban processes and state-building in Southwest Rus’. It is emphasised that the results obtained in the course of archaeological research conducted from 1953 to1994 are a strong basis for preserving, further studying and transforming into a tourist attraction this place that belongs to the cultural heritage of Ukraine.
Ist Gana noch zu retten? Über den Zustand frühmittelalterlicher Burgen im ländlichen Sachsen
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Strobel, Michael; Westphalen, Thomas
Saxony’s most impressive medieval monuments include about 200 strongholds, preserved in quite different conditions. They bear witness to a story that can be enlightened only fragmentarily from written sources. The assumption was that they were built in response to western aggression. In the meantime, however, they are considered to have served military, administrative and representative purposes as local centres of control. Many of them have taken damage by fire, which can be seen as evidence of very troubled times during the 10th and 11th centuries. These wars might have caused a decline in population, exposing the fertile lowlands to a desertification process no later than the second half of the 11th century. Some of the strongholds have fallen prey to soil improvement; some were built over or served as quarries for roads, bank fortifications and buildings. Civic engagement contributed to seeing the castles as landscape elements worth protecting. Strategic land acquisitions and high-profile campaigns were initiated at a time when state preservation was still in its infancy. Nevertheless, the destruction continues, reaching terrain cuts up to 3 cm, especially in high-yield agricultural landscapes. Achieving a change for the better will be a social task for years. A shift in the EU agricultural subsidies, considering ecological preservation as well as monument protection aspects, could be a linchpin.
The Carpathian Troy Archaeological Open-Air Museum in Trzcinica as a Proposal of Using an Archaeological Site for Tourism and Protection of Cultural Heritage
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Gancarski, Jan; Madej, Paweł
The Royal Earthworks hillfort in Trzcinica is one of the most important archaeological sites in Poland, where strongly fortified settlements of the Pleszow group of the Mierzanowice culture and the Otomani-Fuzesabony culture, as well as an early medieval stronghold, were discovered. Interdisciplinary research has brought excellent results and numerous prehistoric artefacts have been discovered there. The fortification, chronology and stratigraphy were well recognised. The idea to build an Archaeological Open-Air Museum named the Carpathian Troy appeared in 1998, owing to amazing research results, mass tourism and further, the desire to provide archaeological discoveries to the public. Therefore, a scientific concept was prepared and after numerous consultations, the area for the construction of the archaeological open-air museum was bought and an architectural design was planned, which was to include the area of the hillfort and the terrain located at its foot. The Carpathian Troy Archaeological Open-Air Museum in Trzcinica is a branch of the Subcarpathian Museum in Krosno. The funds from the Norwegian EEA Financial Mechanism and from the local governments were obtained for the building, which was carried out in 2008–2011, and the opening took place in June 2011. The archaeological open-air museum occupies an area of over 8 ha. On the hillfort, nine sections of defensive ramparts, a fragment of the road and the gate, as well as two Otomani- Fuzesabony culture cottages, an early medieval gate and four early medieval cottages were reconstructed. Paths for visitors were also built. At the foot of the hillfort, an Archaeological Park and exhibition pavilion were created. In the Archaeological Park, Otomani-Fuzesabony culture and early medieval settlements were reconstructed. The Exhibition Pavilion contains an archaeological exhibition, rooms for an educational shelter, an office, a warehouse and a room for technical purposes. As part of subsequent undertakings implemented with EU funds and as a part of cross-border Polish-Slovakian projects, a viewing tower, an educational shelter, a livestock sector, and experimental plots were created and a section of an early medieval rampart was reconstructed. The Carpathian Troy Archaeological Open-air Museum in Trzcinica is a centre of tourism, education and experimental archaeology as well as a research centre.
The Northern Latins on the Bosphorus? A Few Words on East Mediterranean, Byzantine and Orthodox Studies in the Ceraneum Centre, University of Łódź (Poland)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Marinow, Kirił
The article is devoted to the presentation and characteristics of the Ceraneum – the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe, which has been operating at the University of Łodź since 2011. The author focuses on the importance of this Centre for the development of Byzantine-Slavic studies in Poland and in the world in general, as well as its organisational structure, financing methods and, above all, scientific and publishing efforts. He also does not neglect the public and didactic activity the Ceraneum undertakes. The aim is to indicate the importance of establishing similar research centres and their methods of organisation, with particular emphasis on their role in internationalising the achievements of Polish science and building strong and effective cooperation among scholars from different countries.
The Stronghold on St. Peter’s Hill in Radom (Poland). Archaeology, Biography of the Place, and Practices of Memory
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Trzeciecki, Maciej
The stronghold called St. Peter’s hill in Radom is located in the centre of the city, in an area severely degraded by the side effects of 19th- and 20th-century industrialisation. The archaeological excavations and paleoecological research carried out in 2009–2013 created a background for studying its complex past and designing the future. The biography of St. Peter’s hill encompasses the early medieval power centre, late medieval urbanisation, nineteenth-century industrialisation, subsequent degradation of material and human resources, and present revitalisation projects. This place is far more than an archaeological site or even a part of archaeological heritage. It is a unique cultural landscape, which emerged as a result of long-lasting mutual relations between man and nature. Its materiality constitutes an inalienable cultural capital, indispensable for the reconstruction of local identities and communities of memory.
The Large Fortified Settlement Near Shepetivka: History of the Medieval Settlement – History of the Archaeological Site
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Peskova, Anna; Mikhaylov, Kirill
The dramatic history of the medieval fortified settlement, located between the Sluch’ and Goryn’ Rivers (near the village of Horodyshche, Shepetivka District, Khmelnytskyi Region, Ukraine), destroyed and burned as a result of Tatar-Mongol raids in the middle of the 13th c., gave rise to the appearance of a cultural layer which is unique as regards its abundant finds. During the excavations led by Mikhail Karger in 1957–1964, almost all the territory of the site was investigated (3.6 ha) and many thousands of archaeological and anthropological finds were collected. M. Karger planned to publish a monograph based on the research into these collections undertaken by the members of his expedition team, but his plan did not reach fruition. Over the last sixty years, the materials have often been referred to by specialists. Today the bibliography relating to the analysis and interpretation of the materials discovered during the excavations includes dozens of articles. The rather disjointed nature of the materials published so far, and the random and incomplete selection of finds for detailed investigation have meant that the presentation of the site as a whole has not been a well-integrated one and interpretations have often been inconsistent. Recently a project has been drawn up, enabling a team from the Institute for the History of Material Culture, to prepare the excavated materials for publication, supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
The Goths’ Return to the Hrubieszów Basin. The Social Use of Archaeological Heritage for Building a Local Identity
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Bartecki, Bartłomiej
Archaeological investigations of the Gothic culture in the Hrubieszow Basin started in 1977. From the very beginning, they attracted great interest of the local community. In 2002, after the excavations were declared officially over, the residents of Masłomęcz, together with the archaeologists, local self-authorities, NGOs and the Hrubieszow Museum, decided to take advantage of the archaeological heritage to build a local identity. As a result of many activities and bottom-up initiatives of the residents of Masłomęcz, a historical reconstruction group was established, followed by the Goths’ Village open-air museum, which combines educational, tourism, and scientific functions.
UNESCO and World Heritage Management in Jelling – Opportunities and Challenges
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Lindblom, Charlotta
Jelling has been on UNESCO ’s list of World Heritage Sites since 1994. Jelling was the first site in Denmark on the prestigious list, which includes the most valuable parts of Nature and Cultural Heritage in the world. The Jelling Monuments are among the most stately and noble monuments in Denmark’s history. In 1994 they consisted of two huge burial mounds, two rune stones and a church situated between the burial mounds. Research excavations carried out between 2006 and 2013 revealed a huge palisade, which encircled the area – three houses of Trelleborg-type and the largest ship setting seen in the Nordic countries in the Viking Age. These new discoveries did not only revolutionise the interpretation of the site, but also led to a minor boundary modification of the original inscription in 2018. The Jelling Monuments are one of the most visited historical/archaeological sites in Denmark. Following the conference held in 2017 in Zamość, Poland, which concerned management of cultural heritage outside of major cultural centres, I would like to contribute to this topic with some examples, thoughts and challenges related to our work with the cultural heritage management in Jelling.
From Prosperity to Oblivion: The Slavic Settlement at Gaarz in Ostholstein
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Hölscher, David F.
On several occasions during the 20th c. archaeological finds were brought to light at Gaarz. A great part of the finds from this site in Ostholstein (Germany) hints at a Slavic settlement there. During surveys with the metal detector from the year 2012 onwards, a steadily growing mass of metal finds was uncovered. Some of these are of high quality and attest to wealth which exceeds the scope of merely rural settlements. In this paper some of the archaeological material is presented and the function of this “new” site in the vicinity of the central place of Starigard/Oldenburg is discussed.
Une ville gauloise cachée dans la foret – l’exploration et la mise en valeur de l’oppidum de Bibracte (France)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Ayache, Laïla; Skowron, Katarzyna
Bibracte-Centre archeologique Europeen is a complex comprising an archaeological site and a Research Centre and Museum, located in the Morvan Regional Park (France). The location of the complex is determined by the fortified Celtic settlement, identified with the oppidum of Bibracte, located on Mont Beuvray. The inauguration of the Bibracte-Centre archeologique Europeen took place in 1995. The Research Centre is responsible for excavations on the oppidum, the storage of artefacts, and creating space for archaeological research. The excavations carried out in Bibracte offer a convenient opportunity to organise field practice for students of archaeology. Open internships organised in the course of the entire year are a complement to summer excavations. Bibracte is a place of scientific meetings and cooperation for European researchers. The educational packet dedicated to visitors is also noteworthy.
Das archäologische Museum „Berestje“. Die Geschichte der Musealisierung der archäologischen Stätte und die aktuelle Museumsentwicklung
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Nekljudova, Tatjana; Baškov, Alexander
The Berestye Archaeological Museum, a branch of the Brest Museum of Regional Studies (Brest, Republic of Belarus‘), is the only museum in Europe where an archaeological site with perfectly preserved 13th-century wooden buildings of an East Slavic town are exhibited. The discovery of the medieval town of Berestye was the result of large-scale excavations carried out in 1969–1981 and in 1988 under the guidance of Professor Piotr Lysenko. The characteristics of the wet cultural layer made it possible to preserve more than 220 wooden buildings and more than 43,000 objects of organic and inorganic origin. The long-term process of preserving wooden constructions was the first experience in the conservation and museumisation of such objects in the field.
The Ludification of the Archaeological Past – Opportunities and Threats
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Pawleta, Michał
The subject of this paper is the archaeologically created past, seen as a reservoir of pleasure. The topic is discussed in comparison with changes of the contemporary man’s approach to the past. The organising motif of my reflections is the category of pleasure and different ways of pursuing it by people, mainly by means of broadly understood play. I propose here two theses, namely: (1) in the contemporary world the past, being a point of reference for archaeological investigation, may constitute a source of pleasure or inspiration to search for pleasure; (2) the ways of presenting the past to a certain degree have been subjugated by the rules that have been reserved for the domains of entertainment and consumption. This paper will relate to: (1) the pleasure of exploring of the past; (2) the pleasure of re-enacting and performing the past, and (3) the pleasure of playing with the past during archaeological fetes.
Some Issues Related to the Problem of Heritage Conservation of Archaeological Complexes in Czermno (Tomaszów Lubelski County) and Gródek (Hrubieszów County)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Florek, Marek
This paper discusses some problems related to the conservation of two archaeological complexes in Czermno and Grodek in the Lublin Voivodeship. Their characteristics and research history are described in detail, along with their preservation state, ownership status, risks, and current heritage conservation activities. The conclusions presented in the paper are related to the need for further scientific, interdisciplinary research, conservation efforts, and changing their protection status as defined by law. Finally, a proposal is made to found a Czermno-Grodek open-air museum, which would make these tasks easier.
Poland A and Poland B – Developmental Disproportions on Polish Lands in the 19th and 20th c. (Prior to 1939)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Grata, Paweł
The problem of developmental disproportions occurring within a state is not an uncommon phenomenon, and the case of Polish lands is one example of it. As a result of numerous disadvantageous conditions, Polish lands experienced dramatic developmental differences, which fully came to light in the interwar period, when the territories which had belonged to the three partitioners of Poland were incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The disproportions were so deep that a much better developed Poland A and a much more backward Poland B (situated east of the Vistula River) were distinguished in the state. The scale of the differences was reflected in many economic and social indices, ranging from population density, to the degree of urbanisation processes and sources of population income, to the state of transportation infrastructure, to the involvement of workforce, to the production of basic goods. An attempt to reduce the disproportions was the establishment of the Central Industrial District in the mid-1930s and the Fifteen Year Plan for the state’s development prepared by Deputy Prime Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (1888–1974). These plans were thwarted by the outbreak of WWII, and the developmental disproportions on Polish lands, despite the post-war change of state borders, remain visible even today, especially in territories that were part of Poland B before 1939 (today Podkarpacie, Lubelskie, Podlasie Voivodeships).
The Early Piast Settlement on Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island) in Poznań – the Popularisation of Heritage from the Standpoint of the Genius Loci Archaeological Reserve
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Stempin, Agnieszka
In 2012, a new department of the Archaeological Museum in Poznań – the Genius Loci Archaeological Reserve – was established on Ostrow Tumski (Cathedral Island) in Poznań. The island is a unique historical space, where archaeological excavations have been underway since 1938. It is thanks to them that the scope of knowledge about the beginnings of both the Polish state and the city of Poznań has improved significantly, and the results of these works have altered historians’ knowledge. The reserve has been designed so that visitors can learn about the earliest history from the point of view of science, and accompany archaeologists and representatives of other modern disciplines in discovering the secrets of long forgotten areas of history. The structures of the perfectly preserved rampart of the Poznań stronghold and the soil profiles have been made accessible to visitors in the form of an archaeological excavation site. With the use of multimedia, discreetly placed throughout the exhibition, the entire spectrum of information about the Piast settlement from the 10th/11th century is presented, as is the rich collection of archaeological relics collected during many years of excavations. The article outlines the reserve’s activities to date and discusses the problem of reaching out to adults who seek a deeper and organised contact with culture.
Blowing in the Wind, Sinking in the Swamp: Mosaburg – Zalavár
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Ritoók, Ágnes
Zalavar and its surroundings are considered one of the most important 9th-century localities in the Carpathian Basin. The centre at Zalavar-Castle Island retained its role even after the Hungarian conquest and kept it until the 13th c. By the middle of the 20th c. the remnants over the surface were completely destroyed, and in some places even the foundations were removed. Although archaeological research revealed many remains, only a few were reconstructed. Considering the 19th and 20th-century political/national ideas about the site, its interpretation Archaeological excavations resulted in new information about the region, which led to an increased interest in the site and to both tourism and pilgrimage evolving significantly. The site became a place of political commemoration. Due to social changes among the villagers from Zalavar, the community gradually lost interest in the site, even though it lies only 1.5 km from the village. Experience suggests that without involving the local community, conservation work will be unviable.
Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Investigations in East Thrace
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Stanisławski, Błażej; Aydingün, Şengül
The eastern end of Thrace, situated between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Anastasian Wall, was in recent years the subject of Polish-Turkish archaeological investigations. The settlements on this territory formed Constantinople’s immediate hinterland in the Byzantine period. Our studies focused on the beginning of the Via Egnatia. They included the famous suburb of Hebdomon and the city of Rhegion. A number of new sources were recorded as a result of our excavations, surface surveys, sonar prospections of water bodies, and queries of archive collections. They enabled us to examine the spatial and settlement structure of this area in the Byzantine period. The structure also included the settlement complex on the Firuzkoy Peninsula on Lake Kucukcekmece, as well as settlements in Athyras, Selymbria, Melantias, Episkopia, Angurina, Schiza and Daphnusion. They were elements of Constantinople’s communications and transportation system. The ceremony of adventus, i.e. welcoming the emperor, eminent guests or holy relics arriving in the capital, was also performed in this area. At present, these territories are undergoing a great deal of construction and infrastructure development, being part of the megapolis of Istanbul. This puts the archaeological heritage located there in danger.
Lithuanian Troy: Preservation and Interpretation of Kernavė, a UNESCO World Heritage Archaeological Site
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Poškienė, Justina
Contemporary Kernavė is a small town, located 35 km north-west of Vilnius, on the right bank of the Neris River. However, the names often used to describe the Archaeological Site of Kernavė are the “Troy of Lithuania” or the “Mecca of archaeologists” (Bitner-Wroblewska et al. 2002). The cultural landscape and numerous archaeological objects situated in the area testify to the cultures which have existed there since the Final Palaeolithic to this day. The Kernavė Archaeological Site, an area of unique archaeological and historical value, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. The interpretation of archaeological heritage is important for the understanding of the origins and development of modern society; it is also important for promoting the understanding of the need for its preservation (see Carman 2015). The paper seeks to present the Archaeological Site of Kernavė in regard to its preservation, management and interpretation.

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Przeglądanie Ana­lecta Archa­eolo­gica Res­so­viensia vol. 13 (2018) według Data wydania

Przeglądanie Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 13 (2018) według Data wydania