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Pozycja

Archaeology in a town, a town in archaeology. Selected issues of archaeological research of historical towns

(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Rozwałka, Andrzej

In the introductory article of a volume that presents archaeological and other disciplinary research into a historical town, selected issues are discussed in the framework of the complicated research process required to understand the past of historical towns. This new field of science is facing many methodological and organizational problems. The main theme of this article is that the further development of archaeological explorations of the town requires the definition of terminology, holistic research methods (most of all stratigraphy) and an acceptance of an interdisciplinary canon. Historical archaeology dealing with towns has transformed itself into a specific field of archaeology that uses familiar excavation techniques, but differs from prehistoric archaeology by drawing on sources from other fields like history, town-planning, architecture, cultural anthropology and with its own descriptive language of past times.

Pozycja

Some remarks on early medieval churches in Kraków

(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Pianowski, Zbigniew

The research of the oldest churches belonging to Kraków agglomeration have been continuously conducted since the second half of the 19th century. In Kraków there have been about thirty churches including the sacral building from the 11th–13th century. Most of them were recognized during the archaeological and architectural research and the others are known from the written sources. The main discoveries include three pre-Romanesque rotundas in the area of a burg city of Kraków, and a St. Benedykt’s rotunda on the Lasota Hill. Further research provide more information regarding the process of using secondary material. The development in the research field makes it possible to change the knowledge about the function of some buildings e.g a semicircular wall from over the Smocza Jama (earlier an apse of the church, now a circular fortifying tower). In literature we can find a number of reconstructions of early medieval sacral buildings with relics in some of them and the remained ones are only theoretical ideas. A few temples are still undiscovered and unrecognized, and some are waiting for its architectural structure to be verified. There could be an attempt of reconstructing a Romanesque Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec and a part of bishop’s residence or cathedral’s capitol in Wawel. The main task for the future is to recognize a settlement background of the churches in Okół and its area.