Poetyka dawniej i dziś

The meaning of the word “poetics,” as derived from the Aristotle’s understanding given in Poetics, points to the ways of creating works of the art of word, their components and connections as, well as the formation of utterances. It also reveals the humanistic character of literary output being human products that are aimed at providing insights into the human world. Poetics presents a fundamental set of terms referring to a literary work, which are still used and, in fact, are indispensable in all areas of the contemporary literary, as well as cultural studies. Due to the changes in the field of literature itself, this set of terms and notions is constantly being updated, and it is still open in terms of both its components and their senses. It constitutes a conceptual framework, some elements of which are universal and operational in nature, and some connected with a particular cognitive horizon and a certain way of perceiving and understanding literature. Poetics is not a permanent theoretical model of literariness, nor is it a set of instructions determining an interpretation of a literary work. It aims at establishing certain testable tools which are indispensable not only in literary studies, but also in studying all other forms having a semiotic content (intersemiotic poetics). For this reason, certain basic terms and notions applied in poetics can be seen as important epistemological categories in which the human mind perceives the world.