Derisking/debanking jako „metody” zapewniania bezpieczeństwa?
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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Abstract
Założenia systemu AML/CFT preferowały oddolną inicjatywę instytucji obowiązanych w zakresie oceny ryzyka instytucji oraz indywidualnego klienta. Z czasem wobec takiego stanu rzeczy wykształciła się negatywna praktyka eliminacji ryzyka w postaci deriskingu i debankingu. Polega ona na unikaniu oceny ryzyka poprzez zbiorowe i rodzajowe niedopuszczanie do zawierania umów z określonymi klientami i rozwiązywania umów już zawartych. Ten stan rzeczy nie neutralizuje ryzyka a jedynie przesuwa go na inne obszary do podmiotów, które słabiej identyfikują to ryzyko. Derisking/debanking mimo negatywnej oceny rozszerzył się także na inne obszary społeczne poza AML/CFT. Jednocześnie stał się on elementem wykorzystywanym w dyskryminacji ze względu na warunki: ekonomiczne, rasowe, pochodzenie narodowe.
The assumptions of the AML/CFT system favored the bottom-up initiative of mandatory institutions in assessing the risk of the institution and the individual customer. Over time, in view of this state of affairs, the negative practice of risk elimination in the form of derisking and debanking has developed. It consists of avoiding risk assessment through collective and generic disallowance of contracts with specific customers and termination of contracts already concluded. This state of affairs does not neutralize the risk but only shifts it to other areas to entities that are weaker in identifying the risk. Derisking/debanking, despite its negative assessment, has also expanded into other areas of society beyond AML/CFT. At the same time, it has become an element used in discrimination based on conditions: economic, racial, national origin.
The assumptions of the AML/CFT system favored the bottom-up initiative of mandatory institutions in assessing the risk of the institution and the individual customer. Over time, in view of this state of affairs, the negative practice of risk elimination in the form of derisking and debanking has developed. It consists of avoiding risk assessment through collective and generic disallowance of contracts with specific customers and termination of contracts already concluded. This state of affairs does not neutralize the risk but only shifts it to other areas to entities that are weaker in identifying the risk. Derisking/debanking, despite its negative assessment, has also expanded into other areas of society beyond AML/CFT. At the same time, it has become an element used in discrimination based on conditions: economic, racial, national origin.
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derisking, debanking, pranie pieniędzy, finansowanie terroryzmu, sankcje, ryzyko, money laundering, terrorist financing, sanctions, risk
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Acta Iuridica Resoviensia, nr 3 (46) 2024, s. 15-43
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