The effect of exercises on the quality of life in individuals undergoing hip arthroplasty following hip fractures – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction and aim. The increasing burden of hip fractures and hip arthroplasties (HA) requires a deeper understanding of physiotherapy rehabilitation, facilitating the development of evidence-based strategies to enhance patient recovery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of exercises in improving quality of life after HA. Material and methods. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Pedro, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies (CENTRAL) was conducted from inception until April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were recovered that compare exercises with any comparator to improve quality of life were retrieved. The quality was evaluated using PeDro. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Analysis of the literature. Analysis of eight RCTs, comprising 1,560 individuals, revealed that comprehensive exercise programs produced superior outcomes in quality of life compared to standard treatment, with a notable effect size (SMD, 0.68; 95% CI, -0.01 to 1.37; I2=89%) and progressive resistance exercises have a statistically significant positive impact on quality of life. Conclusion. This review underscores the importance of comprehensive exercise programs, including progressive resistance training to improve quality of life in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, and recommends further investigation to determine the most effective exercise parameters for the development of personalized rehabilitation programs.