European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.15, z. 2 (2017)

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http://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/3184

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  • Obrazek miniatury
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    Natural and Synthetic Coumarins and their Pharmacological Activity
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Kubrak, Tomasz; Podgórski, Rafał; Stompor, Monika
    Coumarins are a structurally diverse group of natural substances derives from plants that display a host of bioactivities. In this paper, we will introduce the reader to coumarins and their applications as medicinal substances. The great diversity in courmarin structure will be discussed along with their extensive use as pharmaceutical agents. Coumarins display a wide range of antimicrobial activity and applications of coumarins as antifungal and antiviral agents will be addressed. Other properties of coumarins such as their role in neuroprotection, anticancer, and as antioxidants will also be reviewed.
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    Cytotoxic and anti-cancer activity of the Cistus species of herbal plants
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Stępień, Agnieszka
    Aim. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the cytotoxic and anti-cancer properties of the major species of the genus Cistus. Materials and methods. Thirty four papers that discuss the medicinal history and current research of Cistus species as phytotherapeutics were used for this discussion. Literature analysis.The growing popularity of the Cistus species of herbs is mainly due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The results of in vitro studies indicate that the presence of pear extract significantly affects leukemia, leukemia, breast, colon, ovarian, pancreatic, and melanoma carcinomas. The significant growth inhibition of these cells, underlines its valuable anti-tumor properties and allows for the possibility of use as a therapeutic aid.
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    Combined effect of flavonoid compounds and cytostatics in cancer treatment
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Stompor, Monika; Podgórski, Rafał; Kubrak, Tomasz
    Aim. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the combination of cytostatics with flavonoids as a promising way to improve the cancer therapy. Material and methods. A review of Polish and foreign literature was performed. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Polish Medical Bibliography. Literature analysis. Effective strategies to inhibit the progression of cancer are needed. Compounds of natural origin, including plant polyphenols, are a part of our diet. Due to their availability, and antioxidant properties, they may serve as efficacious adjuvants in cancer therapy, enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and supplements, and the risk of all causes of death from cancer. Based on their diverse biological activity, flavonoids may be potential adjuvant therapeutic agents that act synergistically with cytostatics for treatment of many types of cancer. This review of the results is a summary the research on anticancer activity of flavonoids and may also raise consciousness of consumers, who will be able to compose their diet armed with the knowledge of preventive and therapeutic anticancer properties of food ingredients. There is need for further research on polyphenols of plant origin, including interactions among food components that coexist. Another important aspect is to understand how the activity of phytocompounds depends on concentration and the presence of additional factors (e.g. microflore, metal ions), which could possibly make a compound harmful, instead of having positive theraputics effect. Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in biological activity of the described phytocompounds is essential for a better understanding of their influence on an organism.
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    Neural tube defects: risk factors and prevention
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Podgórski, Rafał; Stompor, Monika; Kubrak, Tomasz; Podgórska, Dominika
    Neural tube defects are abnormalities that can occur in the brain (anencephaly, encephalocele), spine (spina bifida, myelomeningocele, myelodysplasia), both brain and spine (craniorachischisis) or spinal column of a developing embryo that are present at birth. They arise when the neural tube, the embryonic precursor of the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during neurulation. Many cases of neural tube defects occur worldwide each year in more than 300,000 newborn babies and are a significant cause of infant death and lifelong disability. Most neural tube defects are preventable. The prevalence of these abnormalities has decreased in the past 20 to 30 years due to periconceptional folate supplementation, food fortification and decreased exposure to environmental factors. Women who are planning to conceive should be informed about the importance of folic acid in fetal development and encouraged to take 400 μg/day of folic acid supplements. Numerous research studies have shown that taking this dosage of folic acid before and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects. For that reason it is important to increase the awareness of women in childbearing age about the necessity of primary prevention and folate intake which is a strong factor that has wide implications in public health in reducing the mortality and morbidity of offspring.
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    ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling) – historical and current perfusion MR methods
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Guz, Wiesław; Bober, Zuzanna; Ożóg, Łukasz; Truszkiewicz, Adrian; Przypek, Aneta; Aebisher, David; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota; Urbanik, Andrzej
    Despite continuous scientific and technological advances in MR imaging, MR perfusion methods have not yet been widely deployed for routine clinical diagnostics. This is especially true for ASL (arterial spin labelling) methods used to evaluate cerebral perfusion. This method does not require a contrast agent, as new discoveries about gadolinium accumulation in the cerebellum and brain nucleus appear to be a valuable asset and provide the opportunity to be more widely deployed in clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to present the historical determinants of the development of MR perfusion techniques, the disadvantages and advantages and possible clinical applications and prospects of ASL development. Both historical articles published on MR in the 1990s and current research between 2006-2016 have been reviewed. The authors present in the work the MR perfusion method focusing on issues related to arterial spin labeling (ASL). Historically CASL (continuous ASL) and PCSL (pulsed ASL) techniques have been described and the pseudocontinuous ASL (pseudocontinuous ASL) 3D technique presents its technical and methodological considerations, advantages and disadvantages over previous methods. The methods of test protocol optimization and accompanying artifacts, as well as possible clinical applications and development perspectives, have been described.