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Glucotoxicity is mediated by cytoplasmic distribution of RAP1 in pancreatic β-cells
(Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Elsevier), 2024-03-28) Deręgowska, Anna; Tomaszek, Natalia; Cuch, Patrycja; Kozioł, Katarzyna; Kaniuka, Olga; Sabadashka, Mariya; Bandura, Yurii; Sybirna, Nataliia
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. In our study, we analyzed the level and location of RAP1 changes in the development of β-cell dysfunction induced by glucotoxicity. We employed three pancreatic β-cell lines, namely INS-1, 1.2B4, and NIT-1, as well as a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. We demonstrate that after high glucose treatment, RAP1 is increased, probably through induction by AKT, allowing RAP1 to shuttle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and activate NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of RAP1, such as advanced glycation end products and carbonylation may affect the function of RAP1, such as activation of the NF-κB signaling. Taken together, we showed that RAP1 is a new player in the mechanism of glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells.
Virtually identical does not mean exactly identical: Discrepancy in energy metabolism between glucose and fructose fermentation influences the reproductive potential of yeast cells
(Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2024-05-03) Maślanka, Roman; Bednarska, Sabina; Zadrąg-Tęcza, Renata
The physiological efficiency of cells largely depends on the possibility of metabolic adaptations to changing conditions, especially on the availability of nutrients. Central carbon metabolism has an essential role in cellular function. In most cells is based on glucose, which is the primary energy source, provides the carbon skeleton for the biosynthesis of important cell macromolecules, and acts as a signalling molecule. The metabolic flux between pathways of carbon metabolism such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is dynamically adjusted by specific cellular economics responding to extracellular conditions and intracellular demands. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells and potentially similar fermentable carbon sources i.e. glucose and fructose we analyzed the parameters concerning the metabolic status of the cells and connected with them alteration in cell reproductive potential. Those parameters were related to the specific metabolic network: the hexose uptake - glycolysis and activity of the cAMP/PKA pathway - pentose phosphate pathway and biosynthetic capacities - the oxidative respiration and energy generation. The results showed that yeast cells growing in a fructose medium slightly increased metabolism redirection toward respiratory activity, which decreased pentose phosphate pathway activity and cellular biosynthetic capabilities. These differences between the fermentative metabolism of glucose and fructose, lead to long-term effects, manifested by changes in the maximum reproductive potential of cells.
Electrospun fiber-based micro- and nano-system for delivery of high concentrated quercetin to cancer cells
(2023-10) Hudecki, Andrzej; Rzeszutek, Iwona; Lewińska, Anna; Warski, Tymon; Baranowska-Korczyc, Anna; Wojnarowska-Nowak, Renata; Betlej, Gabriela; Deręgowska, Anna; Hudecki, Jacek; Łyko-Morawska, Dorota; Likus, Wirginia; Moskal, Aleksandra; Krzemiński, Piotr; Cieślak, Małgorzata; Kęsik-Brodacka, Małgorzata; Kolano-Burian, Aleksandra; Wnuk, Maciej
The anticancer potential of quercetin (Q), a plant-derived flavonoid, and underlining molecular mechanisms are widely documented in cellular models in vitro. However, biomedical applications of Q are limited due to its low bioavailability and hydrophilicity. In the present study, the electrospinning approach was used to obtain polylactide (PLA) and PLA and polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based micro- and nanofibers containing Q, namely PLA/Q and PLA/PEO/Q, respectively, in a form of non-woven fabrics. The structure and physico-chemical properties of Q-loaded fibers were characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy (SEM and AFM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), goniometry and FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The anticancer action of PLA/Q and PLA/PEO/Q was revealed using two types of cancer and nine cell lines, namely osteosarcoma (MG-63, U-2 OS, SaOS-2 cells) and breast cancer (SK-BR-3, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, Hs 578T, and BT-20 cells). The anticancer activity of Q-loaded fibers was more pronounced than the action of free Q. PLA/Q and PLA/PEO/Q promoted cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death that was not overcome by heat shock protein (HSP)-mediated adaptive response. PLA/Q and PLA/PEO/Q were biocompatible and safe, as judged by in vitro testing using normal fibroblasts. We postulate that PLA/Q and PLA/PEO/Q with Q releasing activity can be considered as a novel and more efficient micro- and nano-system to deliver Q and eliminate phenotypically different cancer cells.
The impact of transcription factors Znf1, Sip4, Adr1, Tup1, and Hap4 on xylose alcoholic fermentation in the engineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(Springer Nature, 2021-06-15) Dzanaeva, Ljubov; Kruk, Barbara; Ruchala, Justyna; Sibirny, Andriy; Dmytruk Kostyantyn
Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive sustainable platform for fuel ethanol production. Xylose is a second after glucose most abounded sugar in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Effective conversion of xylose to ethanol is one of key prerequisite for the development of an efficient conversion of biomass to ethanol. Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are able to xylose fermentation. However, the yield and productivities of xylose fermentation remains lower in comparison with glucose fermentation. In this work, we studied impact of transcription factors Znf1, Sip4, Adr1, Tup1, and Hap4 on xylose catabolism. We have isolated znf1Δ, adr1Δ, tup1Δ and hap4Δ mutants, and strains overexpressing SIP4, ADR1 and HAP4 genes on the background of xylose-fermenting strain of S. cerevisiae aiming to explore involvement of these transcription factors in regulation of xylose growth and fermentation. It was shown that hap4Δ reveal 1.8-fold increase of ethanol production from xylose as compared to that of parental strain. The hap4Δ mutant accumulates 10.38 g l−1 of ethanol with an overall ethanol yield reaching 0.41 g g−1 of consumed xylose. While the other constructed strains revealed a decrease in ethanol production from this pentose.
Non-targeting siRNA-mediated responses are associated with apoptosis in chemotherapy-induced senescent skin cancer cells
(Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2023-01-05) Betlej, Gabriela; Błoniarz, Dominika; Lewińska, Anna; Wnuk, Maciej
It is widely accepted that siRNA transfection can promote some off-target effects in the genome; however, little is known about how the cells can respond to the presence of non-viral dsRNA. In the present study, non-targeting control siRNA (NTC-siRNA) was used to evaluate its effects on the activity of pathogen and host-derived nucleic acid-associated signaling pathways such as cGAS-STING, RIG-I, MDA5 and NF-κB in A431 skin cancer cells and BJ fibroblasts. NTC-siRNA treatment promoted cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Furthermore, NTC-siRNA-treated doxorubicin-induced senescent cancer cells were more prone to apoptotic cell death compared to untreated doxorubicin-induced senescent cancer cells. NTC-siRNA stimulated the levels of NF-κB, APOBECs, ALY, LRP8 and phosphorylated STING that suggested the involvement of selected components of nucleic acid sensing pathways in NTC-siRNA-mediated cell death response in skin cancer cells. NTC-siRNA-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells was not associated with IFN-β-based pro-inflammatory response and TRDMT1-based adaptive response. In contrast, in NTC-siRNA-treated fibroblasts, an increase in the levels of RIG-I and IFN-β was not accompanied by affected cell viability. We propose that the use of NTC-siRNA in genetic engineering may provoke a number of unexpected effects that should be carefully monitored. In our experimental settings, NTC-siRNA promoted the elimination of doxorubicin-induced senescent cancer cells that may have implications in skin cancer therapies.
Review of the development of copper oxides with titanium dioxide thin-film solar cells
(2020) Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina; Sibiński, Maciej; Rybak-Wilusz, Elżbieta; Cholewa, Marian; Wisz, Grzegorz; Yavorskyi, Rostyslav
Copper oxide-titanium dioxide (TiO2) p–n junctions are promising materials for photovoltaic devices and may reduce production costs due to their low cost and inexpensive production methods compared with silicon solar cells. The present review compares solar cells made with copper oxides combined with TiO2–TiO2/Cu2O and TiO2/CuO heterojunctions, and “cascade heterojunction systems.” First, we describe the main properties of titanium (iv) dioxide (TiO2), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), and cupric oxide (CuO), and their potential applications. Next, we explain the concept of copper oxide and TiO2 heterojunctions. We summarize and present the photovoltaic characteristics (efficiency, fill factor, circuit current density, and open circuit voltage), thickness, preparation method, and electrode type for solar cells comprising copper oxide and TiO2. The efficiency of the solar cells ranged from 0.0005% to 1.62%. The thickness of the TiO2 and cupric oxide layers ranged from 0.06 to 16 µm, and from 0.18 to 1.5 µm, respectively, depending on the fabrication method. Additionally, we review and discuss the available combinations of copper oxide with other materials (Cu2O with ZnO, CuO with ZnO, and CuO with Si), as well as the effect of the thickness of the copper (i) oxide and copper (ii) oxide on the solar cell performance. Finally, we present aspects to improve the conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells with copper oxides combined with TiO2. This review will be useful for the construction and further development of thin-film solar cells.
Characteristics of TiO2, Cu2O, and TiO2/Cu2O thin films for application in PV devices
(AIP Advance, 2019) Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina; Sibiński, Maciej; Pawełek, Ryszard; Wisz, Grzegorz; Cieniek, Bogumił; Potera, Piotr; Szczepan, Patryk; Adamiak, Stanisław; Cholewa, Marian; Głowa, Łukasz
Several Cu2O and TiO2 thin films and four additional TiO2/Cu2O structures were fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The process parameters were selected on the basis of earlier studies and numerical simulations. We examined the morphology of a cross-section of the PV structures, roughness and topography, and the transmission spectra of the thin films. Additionally, the properties of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction. Next, the morphology cross-sectional and layer compositions of the solar cells was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Only one of the TiO2/Cu2O structures appeared smooth and homogeneous with columnar-type growth. For the as-grown films, diffraction peaks were observed and identified as brookite, rutile, CuO, and Cu2O and the average roughness of the samples was 0.5, 1.2, 5.4, and 4.0 nm, respectively. Finally, the transmission spectra of the thin films were recorded. Transmission and reflection spectra of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were analyzed, and the optical band gap and absorption coefficient of the oxidized layers were calculated. In the region of 400 to 1000 nm, transmittance varied from 5% to 70% in the TiO2 samples, and from 15% to 40% in the Cu2O samples, and reflectance of the TiO2 and Cu2O samples ranged from 20% to 90%. In the region of 1.5 eV to 3.5 eV, the mean absorption coefficient varied from ∼105 1/cm to ∼3 · 105 1/cm for TiO2 thin film, and from ∼2 · 105 to ∼6 · 105 1/cm for Cu2O thin film. The optical band gap values of the samples shifted slightly toward bulk anatase-3.5 eV, bulk rutile-3.1 eV, and copper(I) oxide. Finally, silver contacts were used for the electrodes. One of the fabricated TiO2/Cu2O PV structures was found to be sensitive to electromagnetic radiance during the experiment.
Comparison of Solar Tracking System Solar Tracking System and Fixed Photovoltaic Modules in Lodz
(Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2018-01) Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina; Sibiński, Maciej; Cholewa, Marian; Pawełek, Ryszard
The world energy consumption has exhibited high growth over the last several decades. Alternative energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity, reduce pollution air, and have little environmental impact. The commonly used fixed-tilt solar panels, however, have low efficiency and high production cost. Thus, it takes a long time to obtain a return on the investment. Solar trackers increase the efficiency of PV systems and are therefore more attractive from a financial point of view. In order to design tracking systems that will be efficient, it is necessary to analyze the results during various periods during the year and over their lifespan. Thus, we performed a comparative study between fixed-tilt panels and the tracking system installed in Lodz, Poland. Fixed-tilt panels are at normal to the Earth's surface (90 deg from horizontal plane) and are attached to a building façade, azimuth 180 deg (S direction) with 15 cm ventilation gap so slight efficiency drop may be presumed. We performed short- and long-term analyses of the solar tracking and fixed-tilt systems, which allowed us to conclude that the panels tracking the sun had an additional gain of energy during the year as compared to the fixed-tilt panels. During some months, however, the solar tracking system did not produce as much energy as the fixed-tilt, vertically positioned panels. These results might be useful in designing and constructing solar tracking PV systems.
Rzeszów-Eger Resolution on traditional rural landscapes of the Carpathian region
(University of Rzeszów - Cetre Ecol. Res. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2017-10) Bobiec, Andrzej; Mázsa, Katalin
The Resolution identifies traditional rural landscapes of the Carpathian region as the most precious bio-cultural legacy of the long-lasting adaptive relationship between rural communities and the surrounding nature. Globalization, agricultural intensification, and specialization, as well as the progressing urbanization of the countryside, increasingly lead to societies' detachment from their original, rural, identity. Grant-based initiatives cannot prevent the ultimate loss of traditional landscapes. Their preservation requires new policies allowing and encouraging the rural communities to develop their economies in harmony of their traditions and in accordance with natural knowledge, complemented with state-of-the-art scientific and technological assets. Only such an approach, based on local economies, could perpetuate large blocks of working high nature and cultural values landscapes.
Growing Plants on Vermicompost as a Way to Produce High Quality Foods
(Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biological Sciences, 2000) Kostecka, Joanna; Błażej, Janina
Fertiliser application plays an important role for quantity of crops. Consideration of soli degradation as an effect of over-fertiliser application is also important. A large concentration of mineral nitrogen and potassium in soil disturbs biological relationship between soil, plants and human health. In many fruits and vegetables the nitrate and heavy metals contents exceed their permissible levels. It is possoble to prevent this by replacing mineral fertilisers with vermicompost. There are some evidences that vermicompost can promote the growth of plants [1,2,7,8].
How electromagnetic fields can influence adult stem cells: positive and negative impacts
(Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2016-04-18) Maziarz, Aleksandra; Kocan, Beata; Bester, Mariusz; Budzik, Sylwia; Cholewa, Marian; Ochiya, Takahiro; Banas, Agnieszka
The electromagnetic field (EMF) has a great impact on our body. It has been successfully used in physiotherapy for the treatment of bone disorders and osteoarthritis, as well as for cartilage regeneration or pain reduction. Recently, EMFs have also been applied in in vitro experiments on cell/stem cell cultures. Stem cells reside in almost all tissues within the human body, where they exhibit various potential. These cells are of great importance because they control homeostasis, regeneration, and healing. Nevertheless, stem cells when become cancer stem cells, may influence the pathological condition. In this article we review the current knowledge on the effects of EMFs on human adult stem cell biology, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, or differentiation. We present the characteristics of the EMFs used in miscellaneous assays. Most research has so far been performed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. It has been demonstrated that the effects of EMF stimulation depend on the intensity and frequency of the EMF and the time of exposure to it. However, other factors may affect these processes, such as growth factors, reactive oxygen species, and so forth. Exploration of this research area may enhance the development of EMFbased technologies used in medical applications and thereby improve stem cell-based therapy and tissue engineering.
Extracting of temporal patterns from data for hierarchical classifiers construction
(IEEE, 2015) Szpyrka, M.; Szczur, A.; Bazan, Jan G.; Dydo, Ł.
A method of automatic extracting of temporal patterns from learning data for constructing hierarchical behavioral patterns based classifiers is considered in the paper. The presented approach can be used to complete the knowledge provided by experts or to discover the knowledge automatically if no expert knowledge is accessible. Formal description of temporal patterns is provided and an algorithm for automatic patterns extraction and evaluation is described. A system for packet-based network traffic anomaly detection is used to illustrate the considered ideas.
Two general theorems on superstability of functional equations
(Springer Basel, Aequationes Mathematicae, 2015) Brzdęk, Janusz; Najdecki, Adam; Xu, Bing
We prove that the superstability of some functional equations (e.g., of Cauchy, d’Alembert, Wilson, Reynolds, and homogeneity) is a consequences of two simple theorems. In this way we generalize several classical superstability results.
NANOTECHNOLOGY AS A PART OF PHYSICS TEACHING AT SCHOOL
(Concepts of Physics, 2008-01) Budzik, Sylwia; Kizowski, Czesław
The progress in teaching should be in accord with the progress of science, that’s why the subject of teaching must be supplemented by the elements of modern knowledge which permit pupils to understand better what happens around us. The end of XX century is characterised by the rapid development of nanotechnology, which we deal with in this paper.
Finding the Curie Temperature for Ferromagnetic Materials
(The Physics Teacher, 2007-01) Kizowski, Czesław; Budzik, Sylwia; Cebulski, Józef
The laboratory exercise described in this paper is based on a well-known qualitative demonstration of Curie temperature.1 A long ferromagnetic wire, in the form of a spiral, is attracted to a strong permanent magnet placed near its midpoint (see Fig. 1). The temperature of the wire is increased by passing a current through it. When the temperature reaches the Curie point, the wire becomes paramagnetic and is no longer strongly attracted to the magnet. We have developed this demonstration into a quantitative experiment by providing an accurate way to determine the temperature at which the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition occurs.
Human fall detection on embedded platform using depth maps and wireless accelerometer
(Elsevier, 2014-12) Kwolek, Bogdan; Kepski, Michal
Since falls are a major public health problem in an aging society, there is considerable demand for low-cost fall detection systems. One of the main reasons for non-acceptance of the currently available solutions by seniors is that the fall detectors using only inertial sensors generate too much false alarms. This means that some daily activities are erroneously signaled as fall, which in turn leads to frustration of the users. In this paper we present how to design and implement a low-cost system for reliable fall detection with very low false alarm ratio. The detection of the fall is done on the basis of accelerometric data and depth maps. A tri-axial accelerometer is used to indicate the potential fall as well as to indicate whether the person is in motion. If the measured acceleration is higher than an assumed threshold value, the algorithm extracts the person, calculates the features and then executes the SVM-based classifier to authenticate the fall alarm. It is a 365/7/24 embedded system permitting unobtrusive fall detection as well as preserving privacy of the user.
Kostka matrices at the level of bases and the complete set of commuting Jucys-Murphy operators
(Elsevier, 2009) Lulek, Barbara; Lulek, Tadeusz; Jakubczyk, Paweł; Jakubczyk, Dorota
A method for evaluation of Kostka matrices at the level of bases, and determination of related irreducible basis of the Weyl duality is proposed. The method bases on Jucys-Murphy operators which constitute a complete set of commuting Hermitian operators along the general Dirac formalism of quantum mechanics, applied to the algebra of a symmetric group. The way of construction of appropriate projection operators is pointed out, and the combinatorial meaning of the path on the Young graph, corresponding to a standard Young tableau, is made transparent.
Analysis of the c3 (v = 0, 1) State on the Basis of the 3A Band System in the 12C16O, 13C16O, and 14C16O Molecules.
(Academic Press (Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy), 2001) Hakalla, Rafał
Six bands of the 3A system (c 3Π-a 3Π) in the CO molecule have been photographed as an emission spectra by the Geissler tube. The conventional technique of spectroscopy has been implemented. It was the first attempt to analyze the 1-3 band in the 13C16O molecule as well as the 1-2 band in the 12C16O molecule at high resolution. The Th lines were used as a standard along with the interferometric comparator equipped with a photoelectric scanning device. The 0-2 and 0-3 bands in 12C16O and the 0-3 band in 13C16O and 14C16O were reanalyzed. The total number of lines studied within the framework of this project amounts to 3071. Due to complicated and not totally described perturbations which appeared in the upper state c 3Π(v = 0, 1), the effective rovibronic structure constants for this state were calculated (for the first time in the case of v = 1 level in the 12C16O). Global merging of the rotational constants of the a 3Π(v = 0, 1, 2, 3) and c 3Π(v = 0, 1) levels in 13C16O, as well as a 3Π(v = 2, 3) and c 3Π(v = 0, 1) in 12C16O, made it possible to obtain c 3Π vibrational differences Δv1-0 = 1742.0944 (22) cm-1 in 13C16O as well as 1775.7665 (41) cm-1 in 12C16O for the first time. The so far unknown band origins of the 0-v″ and 1-v″ progressions of the 3A system in the molecules under consideration have also been determined. The first attempt to specify the equilibrium molecular constants for the c 3Π state, along with the new values for the a 3Π state, on the basis of the obtained values of merged rovibronic constants has been undertaken. The vibrational constants of the c 3Π state in the 13C16O molecule as well as in the 12C16O molecule were thus obtained for the first time. The 1-2 band of 12C16O and Dunham's isotopic relationship were implemented for that purpose. The analysis of anomalously small values of the centrifugal distortion constant D of the c 3Π state and the global character of perturbations in the observed isotopes of the CO molecule suggest homogeneous interaction between c 3Π(v = 0, 1) and the k 3Π state. Simultaneously, the analysis of the comparatively large values of the Λ-doubling parameter q and the analysis of the shifts of the term values caused by perturbations presuppose a significant influence of a heterogeneous nature of any of the 3Σ states (most probably the j 3Σ+ state) on the c 3Π(v = 0, 1) state. The article also presents the first attempt to calculate RKR potentials, r-centroids, and Franck-Condon factors for the 3A system. © 2001 Academic Press.
The 3A Band System in the Spectrum of the 13C16O Molecule.
(Academic Press (Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy), 1999) Hakalla, Rafał; Kępa, Ryszard; Rytel, Marek; Zachwieja, Mirosław
In the emission spectrum of the carbon monoxide 13C16O isotopic molecule three bands comprising about 1820 lines of the 3A band system (c3Π-a3Π) were recorded and analyzed. The 0-0 and 0-1 bands of this system were photographed for the first time and the 0-2 band was rephotographed by using methods of conventional high-resolution spectroscopy. The result of the rotational band analysis includes expanding of the spectrum interpretation up to J = 25 as well as the identification of four previously unobserved branches P13, R13, P31, and R31. Because of strong perturbations in the c3Π (ν = 0) state, the calculation of the rovibronic structure constants was performed only for the lower a3Π state. By using a calculation based on a nonlinear least-squares method, an effective Hamiltonian of Brown [J. M. Brown, E. A. Colbourn, J. K. G. Watson, and F. D. Wayne, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 74, 294-318 (1979)] and a separative procedure proposed by Curl-Dane-Watson [R. F. Curl and C. B. Dane, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 128, 406-412 (1988); J. K. G. Watson, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 138, 302-308 (1989)], it was possible to derive the rotational structure constants for the ν = 0, 1, and 2 levels for the a3Π state in the 13C16O isotopic molecule. Term values for the C3Π (ν = 0) level and the equilibrium molecular constants for the a3Π state also are reported. © 1999 Academic Press.
Perturbation in the E1Π (v=0) state of the AlH molecule.
(The 23nd Colloquium on High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy, Budapest, Hungary, 2013) Szajna, Wojciech; Hakalla, Rafał; Zachwieja, Mirosław; Piotrowska, Izabela; Ostrowska-Kopeć, Małgorzata; Kolek, Przemysław; Kępa, Ryszard
Perturbation in the E1Π (v=0) state of the AlH molecule.

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