European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.22, z. 3 (2024)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/10842

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Benign endotracheal tumor (hamartoma) mimicking bronchial asthma
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Kaziród, Tomasz; Tokarski, Sławomir; Kaznowska, Ewa; Rzeszutko-Grabowska, Magdalena
Introduction and aim. The most common benign tumor of the lung is hamartoma. In many cases, it is a spherical tumor, located peripherally, often without clinical symptoms. Predominantly it is found accidentally during radiological examination. In some cases the tumor reaches a significant size in the lung parenchyma or in the lumen of the bronchi or trachea. Then, symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, wheezing, less commonly hemoptysis, and chest pain may occur. In addition, tumors located endobronchial or endotracheal may cause recurrent pneumonia or mimic obstructive diseases of the lower respiratory tract such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or bronchial asthma. We present the case of a patient with an endotracheal tumor mimicking bronchial asthma. Description of the case. A 53-year-old male was taking bronchodilators and inhaled steroids for several months. The baseline chest radiograph showed no abnormalities. Spirometry suggested an obstruction of respiratory flow in the central or upper airways. The lack of improvement after asthma treatment required an extension of the diagnosis. Computed tomography allowed accurate visualization of the tumor lesion of the trachea, which was significantly obstructing its lumen, and resection was carried out. Conclusion. Our case demonstrates that tracheal tumors can present symptoms similar to respiratory tract diseases. In unresolved cases, spirometry and computed tomography are helpful in proper diagnosis.
ST-segment elevation in anterior leads secondary to electric shock – a diagnostic dilemma
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Muniraju, Anil Kumar; Rohila, Amit Kumar; Sharma, Ankur; Shekar, Rakesh Guna; Rodha, Mahaveer Singh
Introduction and aim. Electrical injuries can be life-threatening and prompt interventions can save lives. Cardiac complications like arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are common after electric shock. Certain ECG abnormalities can persist after successfully reviving the patient which can mimic ST-Elevation occlusive myocardial infarction. This case report aims to inform the treating emergency physicians about this rare association of ST-Elevation in anterior leads after electric shock. Description of the case. After obtaining proper consent from the patient, we describe here an interesting case of a 19-year-old boy who was presented to the emergency room with cardiac arrest after sustaining electrical injury. The patient was revived after cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECG, as well as echocardiographic findings, were consistent with ST-elevation myocardial infarction of the anterior wall. A diagnostic dilemma was there between occlusive and non-occlusive causes of this condition. A coronary angiogram and conservative management of the patient helped in decision making and he was discharged with a Glasgow coma scale of 15/15 after recovery. Conclusion. ST-Elevations in ECG can occur after electric shock injury and their cause is rarely due to occlusion of the coronaries. Hence thrombolysis in such cases is rarely needed and supportive management is required.
Acute myocarditis mimicking ST – elevation myocardial infarction in a young adult with pharyngitis – a case report
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Christou, Andreas; Kaperonis, Alexandros; Veskoukis, Nikolaos
Introduction and aim. Acute myocarditis (AM) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease that manifests with a highly variable range of clinical symptoms, sometimes mimicking those of myocardial infarction. The aim of this report was to describe the diagnostic challenges of AM. Description of the case. A 22-years old male previously diagnosed with pharyngitis arrived in the emergency room (ER) with retrosternal chest pain. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST elevation in inferior and posterior leads and reciprocal changes with ST depression in anterolateral leads. Laboratory tests revealed elevated cardiac enzymes and bedside echocardiogram (ECHO) revealed hypokinesis of the inferior wall. Initial diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was made. Coronary angiogram showed normal epicardial coronary arteries and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Conclusion. This case was proven challenging due to the unusual ECG and ECHO findings, mimicking inferoposterior STEMI. The need for available angiography and CMRI was mandatory for the final diagnosis of AM.
Lung abscess with pneumonia after SARS-CoV-2 infection – a case report
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Borys, Renata; Szeliga, Ewa; Wojtuń, Kazimierz; Kużdżał, Adrian; Sawka, Karolina
Introduction and aim. Some patients after the SARS-CoV-2 infection may be at higher risk of consequent bacterial or fungal infections even if they have no risk factors (advanced age, obesity, metabolic diseases). A possible complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is lung abscess with pneumonia what requires further examination and specialized treatment as well as the pulmonary rehabilitation. Description of the case. This report presents all stages of the diagnosis and treatment of lung abscess with pneumonia of male patient, aged 42 years in course of COVID-19. The article emphasizes the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in decreasing the number of postoperative pulmonary complications. Presented case report includes a description of a rehabilitation program conducted during the patient’s hospitalization. Conclusion. Lung abscess is a serious disease with an often unpredictable course, complications and an uncertain prognosis. However, most patients can be treated conservatively, and the priority in treatment is antibiotic therapy and physiotherapy treatments.
Wunderlich syndrome – report of a rare case with comments on clinical implications
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Krowiak, Karolina; Krowiak, Anita; Rajda, Sebastian; Palak, Artur; Balawender, Krzysztof
Introduction and aim. Spontaneous renal hemorrhage, known as Wunderlich syndrome, is a rare clinical condition that occurs without any history of trauma. The most common causes of this syndrome are both benign and malignant renal tumors. The treatment strategy is determined based on the patient’s hemodynamic stability. Description of the case. We report a case where a patient was admitted to the emergency department experiencing persistent pain in the right flank for three days. A diagnosis of spontaneous renal hemorrhage, secondary to an angiomyolipoma, was established through CT imaging. In this case study, we detail the diagnostic process and management of a patient who, due to the absence of hemodynamic instability, did not require surgical intervention. Instead, the patient was monitored and managed with conservative treatment. Conclusion. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis, implementation of appropriate treatment, and the relevance of active follow-up in hemodynamically stable patients receiving conservative treatment.
Atypical presentation of extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma in a 57-year-old female – a case report
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Nagalakshmi, Kumbha; Ramachandran, Nair Parvati; Narla, Swetha Lakshmi; Subramanyan, Annapurneswari; Parasuraman, Brundha Marimuthu
Introduction and aim. Malignant soft tissue tumors exhibiting similar histological and immunohistochemical characteristics to Ewing sarcoma of the bones are referred to as extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma within the pathology research domain. These tumors fall under the broader classification of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, which encompasses Ewing sarcoma of the bones, extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumor, the latter demonstrating a more pronounced neural differentiation compared to Ewing sarcoma of the bone. Extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma stands out as a rare, aggressive, and rapidly growing malignant soft tissue tumor characterized by a notable recurrence rate and a predilection for occurrence in males. The roots of recognizing extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma trace back to 1975 when Angervall and Enzinger reported the inaugural case. This study aims to underscore the significance of recognizing diverse clinical presentations for precise diagnosis and effective patient care of Extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma in an elderly patient. Case description. In the context of our pathology research, a noteworthy case involves a 57-year-old female presenting with a mass in the left iliac fossa. The diagnosis, established through a comprehensive approach involving Imaging, histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirms the nature of the tumor as extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma. This case adds to the understanding and documentation of this distinct variant through a multi-modal investigative process. Conclusion. This case report contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on an atypical presentation of extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma in an older patient. Understanding the varied clinical manifestations and incorporating advanced diagnostic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, is pivotal for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.
Phototherapy in the management of vitiligo – an updated narrative review
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Wełniak, Adam; Białczyk, Aleksandra; Kamińska, Barbara; Czajkowski, Rafał
Introduction and aim. Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease characterized by progressive loss of melanocytes. Various treatment options have been developed to manage vitiligo, however, phototherapy has emerged as one of the most effective treatment options. Therefore, this review has been written to examine the mechanisms of this particular treatment approach and its optimal implementation. Material and methods. A review of the literature regarding combination of word vitiligo with the following: psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA), narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and excimer laser (EL) was performed using the PubMed database. Analysis of the literature. NB-UVB has demonstrated safety and efficacy in stimulating melanocyte proliferation and melanin synthesis, making it an attractive treatment option for both localized and generalized vitiligo. PUVA therapy, combining psoralen photosensitization with UVA irradiation, has shown remarkable efficacy in repigmentation, particularly in refractory or extensive vitiligo. However, because of possible side effects, it is not recommended as a first line phototherapy. With its targeted and precise approach, EL offers a localized treatment and has produced impressive results in localized and segmented vitiligo. Conclusion. Despite limitations, phototherapy continues to evolve, offering hope for individuals with vitiligo. Further research and advancements in treatment protocols are needed.
Improving diabetes mellitus care in Nigeria – health promotion and education perspectives
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Agofure, Otovwe; Abiodun, Oluwafunmilayo Oluwaseun; Oyewole, Oyediran Emmanuel
Introduction and aim. In this review, we suggest ways to improve diabetes mellitus (DM) care in Nigeria from a Health Promotion and Education (HPE) perspective by addressing the gap in DM care through the adoption of strategies from the Ottawa Charter and National Health Promotion Policy (NHPP) guidelines. Material and methods. This review conducted a comprehensive literature search on Africa Journal Online, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, from 1986 to 2023, using relevant keywords. Analysis of the literature. The adoption of the Ottawa charter and NHPP remains a key strategy in addressing the gap in DM care in Nigeria. This could be achieved by the adoption of population-focused multi-sectoral interventions encompassing legislation, regulation, and fiscal measures, creating sustaining and expanding health-promoting environments to reduce modifiable risk factors, and reorienting the primary health care services to aid the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of DM patients. Conclusion. This review concluded that the government and other critical stakeholders should adopt the HPE strategies that covers increased financing, strict legislation on DM modifiable risk factors, reorientation of the primary healthcare system, and capacity building for HPE practitioners into DM care in Nigeria as a strategy to improving DM care and prevention in Nigeria.
Acne vulgaris during pregnancy – management ensuring both maternal and fetal safety
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Kurzeja, Jacek; Maciejewska, Danuta; Bartczak, Magdalena; Guderska, Urszula; Urbanek, Agnieszka; Rasmus-Czternasta, Adrianna; Czternasty, Filip
Introduction and aim. Acne vulgaris represents a condition commonly encountered by women during pregnancy. However, its treatment becomes particularly demanding when occurring during gestation. The aim of this review is to present multiple strategies for management of acne in pregnant women, prioritizing both maternal and fetal safety. Material and methods. Review and analysis of the scientific literature available in November and December 2023. Analysis of literature. The study describes commonly used topical treatments and oral medications emphasizing difficulty and responsibility of assessing the safety of drug use during pregnancy. Apart from that, the importance of skin care is stressed with a focus on usage appropriate to the condition and pregnancy-safe cosmetics. The influence of diet and physical activity on acne development is also underlined, as well as the significant association between acne and mental health. Conclusion. Dealing with acne during pregnancy might be difficult; however, there are effective and safe acne treatments suitable for pregnant women, along with various supportive approaches. Considering above, the authors highlight a holistic nature of acne management that includes not just medication but also procedural interventions, skin care practices, diet, physical activity, and psychological support.
Selected treatment methods for colloid milium – a literature review
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Ciulkiewicz, Łukasz; Pełka, Maciej; Fijałkowska, Justyna; Kania, Anna
Introduction and aim. Colloid milium is a rare degenerative skin condition of unknown origin. Typically, it affects sun-exposed areas of the skin. Nevertheless, non-sun-exposed areas may also be affected. Clinically it presents with yellow or red papules, filled with gelatinous masses. There are four subtypes of colloid milium, each with its distinct characteristics: adult, juvenile, nodular, and pigmented. Although diagnosis is primarily clinical, skin biopsy and various staining techniques are required to exclude similar diseases. There is no single effective treatment for colloid milium. Most methods involve the use of lasers, dermabrasion, and oral medications. Yet, the final results differ. Since this topic has not been addressed very frequently in recent literature, the purpose of this review is to present the currently available treatment methods for colloid milium. Material and methods. A literature review was performed to identify the most efficient treatment approaches for colloid milium, focusing on their effectiveness in eliminating nodules and preventing recurrence. Analysis of the literature. Due to its rarity and consequent lack of extensive scientific research, the number of available therapy options for colloid milium is limited. Commonly used treatment methods include lasers, oral medications, dermabrasion, and photodynamic therapy. Microablative fractionated CO2 laser treatment resulted in complete ablation of the lesions with no recurrence. Non-ablative fractional resurfacing after multiple therapies led to the total elimination of the lesions, with no signs of reappearance during follow-up. Dermabrasion required a lengthy healing process. During follow-up no new papules were detected. After multiple sessions of treatment with MAL-PDT, the skin was devoid of nodules and recurrence was prevented. Following full recovery, treatment with the long-pulsed ER:YAG laser revealed the skin without any textural changes, scars, or pigmentation. During follow-up, no new papules were reported. Oral medication provided insignificant results. The majority of patients undergoing these procedures did not need preparation or analgesia. However, non-ablative fractional resurfacing required topical analgesia with 30% lidocaine gel, long pulsed Er:YAG laser treatment demanded intravenous sedation, and dermabrasion involved axillary block analgesia. None of the procedures provoked adverse effects. Conclusion. Skin lesions caused by colloid milium may provoke esthetic concerns, prompting patients to remove them. However, available treatments methods are limited and yield varying outcomes. Among the prominent procedures are microablative fractionated CO2 laser, non-ablative fractional resurfacing, long pulsed ER:YAG laser, and treatment with MAL-PDT, which led to complete ablation, required minimal convalescence time, and provided long-lasting remission. Dermabrasion displayed partial results, with no observed relapse of colloid milium during follow-up. Oral treatment presented the least significant results. Further research is necessary in order to develop new treatment methods for colloid milium that are safe, effective, and affordable.
Vitamin D – a key player in diabetes management – a review
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Pant, Niranjan; Huang, Mingwei
Introduction and aim. Diabetes mellitus is a major health concern around the world and requires new management strategies. Several investigations have shown the connection between a lack of vitamin D and diabetes and its complexities. The objective of this review was to investigate the impact of vitamin D on maintaining glucose levels. Material and methods. The material and methods section of this review involved conducting a literature review. This process included searching databases such as PubMed Crossref, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and complications of diabetes. These databases were selected to ensure a comprehensive exploration of the existing literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between vitamin D status and diabetic complications. Analysis of the literature. Vitamin D plays an important role in preventing macrovascular and microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic foot ulcer in people with diabetes mellitus. Correcting vitamin D deficiency through optimal dosages of vitamin D supplements is an effective way to address the management and prevention of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetic individuals. This review emphasizes the critical importance of vitamin D supplementation for individuals with diabetes mellitus as it significantly maintains optimal blood glucose levels and reduces diabetes-associated risks. Conclusion. Vitamin D is vital for managing and preventing diabetes complications. It stabilizes blood glucose levels and reduces risks of complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, and foot ulcers. Including it in diabetes management is crucial for better health outcomes.
The importance of ultrasonography examination in renal abscesses in pediatric patients
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Kowalczyk, Katarzyna; Ożóg, Katarzyna; Klęba, Joanna; Kucharska-Miąsik, Iwona; Guzik, Anna; Guz, Wiesław
Introduction and aim. Renal abscess is a rare finding in the pediatric population, estimated at 0.2% of all intra-abdominal abscesses. The most common manifestations are fever, flank pain and simultaneously increased inflammatory markers in laboratory tests. Symptoms of this condition are non-specific and can be dismissed with other pathologies like renal tumor. Although the management is based on widespread antibiotic therapy, some cases need surgical intervention because of poor general condition and major diameter of abscess (>5 cm). We undertook this study to analyze the ultrasonography findings correlated with the clinical manifestations of renal abscesses in children that can potentially improve detecting renal abscesses in children earlier. Material and methods. We retrospectively studied 9 patients with renal abscesses treated in our hospital. Results. All patients were diagnosed with renal abscesses based on ultrasonography (US) examination and each of them had elevated inflammatory parameters at the time of admission. For treatment, all patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and two of them were treated with surgical drainage. All study group recovered completely or received a reduction of abscesses diameters. The renal abscesses were monitored by ultrasonography. Conclusion. In our study, we assessed the usefulness of the US examination for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in pediatric patients. Ultrasonography is a gold standard due to its wide availability, noninvasiveness and low price. It also allows for immediate diagnosis, which is crucial to institute proper treatment. Treatment of abscesses depends on the clinical condition of the patient, other comorbidities, imaging presentation and the size of the abscess.
Minimally invasive percutaneous technique for harvesting iliac crest graft using a tap and drill sleeve
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Kumar, Rakesh; Mahajan, Avijit; Sangwan, Nitesh; Sood, Ayush; Ranjan, Rajni; Batra, Ankit
Introduction and aim. Orthopedic surgeries often require acquiring cancellous bone grafts, commonly sourced from the iliac crest. Traditional harvesting methods pose risks of donor site morbidity, prompting interest in minimally invasive techniques. This study introduces and evaluates the efficacy and safety of a percutaneous technique using a tap and drill sleeve for iliac crest bone graft harvesting. This study aims to assess outcomes and complications associated with a minimally invasive percutaneous technique for iliac crest bone graft harvesting through a retrospective analysis of twenty patients undergoing upper limb reconstructive surgery. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on twenty patients who underwent upper limb reconstructive surgery between January and March 2023. The technique involved making a bone deep stab incision, precisely positioning a drill and tap sleeve, utilizing controlled tapping techniques, and extracting the graft. Post-operative assessments included evaluating pain levels, ambulation, and patient satisfaction. Results. The minimally invasive percutaneous technique demonstrated favorable outcomes, with reduced donor site morbidity observed. Within 24 hours post-operatively, 70% of patients reported low visual analogue scale scores, and 80% regained normal walking ability. No instances of post-operative paresthesia were reported. Conclusion. The examined minimally invasive percutaneous technique for iliac crest bone graft harvesting showed reliability and safety, particularly in low resource settings. Utilizing basic orthopedic tools such as tap and drill sleeves offers accessibility and affordability. This approach could effectively mitigate donor site morbidity in orthopedic reconstructive treatments.
Assessment of nutritional status in relation to socio-economic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in early childhood in Morocco
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Benayad, Fatima Zohra; Razine, Rachid; Barich, Fatima; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Haroun, Abbas Ermilo; El Hilali, Samia; Obtel, Majdouline
Introduction and aim. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of children aged 0-24 months, and analyze its association with socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the outpatient health network between 2021 and 2022, by taking anthropometric measurements of children in accordance with World Health Organization standards and using a questionnaire sent to consenting mothers. Results. 1012 children were included in this study. The prevalence of overweight was 13.3%, obesity 3.2%, wasting and severe wasting 2.7%. The study revealed that boys had a higher prevalence of overweight compared to girls (p=0.01), while girls were more likely to have a normal weight than boys (p=0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was observed between nutritional status and age in boys (p=0.003); however, malnutrition such as overweight and wasting increased after the age of 12 months in both genders. There was a significant correlation between child nutritional status, gender, and residence, but no significant association was found with parental education or household income. Conclusion. This study suggests that it is important to develop strategies to improve socio-economic status in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The impact of an educational game on rational drug use and society’s attitudes towards the role of nurses
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Dolu, İlknur; Önal, Yakup; Taşkaya, Zehra; Savci, Sema Nur; Yilmaz, Fatih
Introduction and aim. Despite critical role of nurses in managing medication1, public perspectives of the role nurses play in rational drug use is still unclear. The study aimed to asess the impact of the “HEALTHgain” game, an educational tool, on enhancing individual comprehension of proper medication usage and their perceptions of the significance of the contributions of nurses in society. Material and methods. This pretest-post-test, randomized control study took place betweenn May and November 2022 in Turkey. Two-hundred and thirty seven individuals aged 18 years and above were recruited. Results. The “HEALTHgain” game had a noteworthy impact on the knowledge of rational drug usage (F(1)=45.739, p<0.001) and attitudes of society towards a nurse’s role in rational drug use between the baseline and end measurements after 14-day of playing the game (F(1)=283.434, p<0.001). Morover, there were a significant improvement in both intervention and control group knowledge level of rational drug use between the initial and final assessments after a two-week period of game play, though it had not been presented in any table (t=-3.824, p<0.001 for control group; t=-35.492, p<0.001 for intervention group). Conclusion. The study recommends that enhancing the game through contributions from various disciplines could elevate the rational use of medical knowledge and positively influence individual attitudes toward the role of nurses.
Stigma and health literacy in individuals with COPD – a cross-sectional research
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Acar, Elif; Doğan, Nurhan
Introduction and aim. This study was conducted to evaluate the stigma and health literacy levels of individuals with COPD and to determine the relationship between stigma and health literacy. Material and methods. This study was conducted with 310 individuals with COPD between September 10, 2021 and March 10, 2022.Data were collected usingthe Patient Information Form, Health Literacy Scale and The Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale. Results. The average score of individuals on the Health Literacy Scale is 36.8±12.8, and the average score on the chronic illness anticipated stigma scale is 30.4±8.5. Health literacy scores are low in individuals over 65 years of age, female, married, unemployed, and secondhand smoke (p<0.05). Stigma score is high in individuals who are over 65 years old, male, single, and are not working due to illness (p<0.05). There is a significant relationship between the Health Literacy Scale and The Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (p<0.05). Conclusion. It has been determined that age, gender, marital status and employment status affect both stigma and health literacy. It is recommended that the health literacy levels of individuals with COPD be evaluated and supported to increase their health literacy levels.
Surgery experiences of patients with hematologic cancer, individual applications for the symptoms due to chemotherapy and determination of the anxiety levels
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Yiğit, Gülcan; Aygin, Dilek
Introduction and aim. The aim of the study was to determine the surgical experiences of patients with hematologic cancer, their anxiety levels, and their individual practices regarding the symptoms they experience. Material and methods. The study was conducted by face-to-face interviews with 74 patients followed up in a hematology clinic. The “Patient information form” and “Beck Anxiety Scale” were administered to the patients before chemotherapy, and the “Questionnaire Form Including Patients Practices for Symptoms” was administered after chemotherapy. Results. The mean age of the participants was 63.76±15.1 years, 47.3% were female, 47.3% were diagnosed with lymphoma, 67.6% had undergone surgery, and 32% received education. The mean Beck Anxiety Scale score was 11.36±7.99 and was considered mild anxiety. A significant difference was observed between education and employment status and postoperative education status, gender and hair loss, employment status and anorexia, scale score and employment status, and the effect of COVID-19 on chemotherapy (p<0.05). Conclusion. It was determined that patients with hematological cancer had a low levels of knowledge about surgical procedures and they did not perform any negative practice due to chemotherapy. Their anxiety levels were mild and the pandemic process was effective on anxiety.
The relationship between health literacy levels and genital hygiene behaviors in female university students
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Sağlık, Cavide; Istek, Zekiye; Demirbaş, Ayşegül; Bozkurt, Feyza Demir; Gümüş, Ecem Çiçek
Introduction and aim. This study investigates the correlation between health literacy levels and genital hygiene behaviors among female university students. Material and method. A descriptive-correlational study was conducted with 348 female students who voluntarily participated. Data were collected through an online survey comprising participant information forms, the Health Literacy Scale, and the Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-square test for categorical data, and correlation analyses, were performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results. The mean age of the participants was 21.92±2.51 years. The average scores on the Health Literacy Scale and Genital Hygiene Behaviors Scale were 106.0±17.9 and 86.73±10.13, respectively. Significant differences were observed in genital hygiene behavior scores concerning participants’ field of study and bathing habits. Furthermore, a moderately significant positive correlation was found between women’s health literacy scores and genital hygiene behavior scores. Conclusion. The study reveals a positive association between high health literacy levels and adequate genital hygiene behaviors among women. As women’s health literacy improves, their genital hygiene behaviors also enhance positively. Access to reliable health information resources is crucial to ensure accurate knowledge acquisition regarding genital hygiene practices.
Incidental vs. non-incidental gallbladder cancer – a hospital-based clinicopathological study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Dash, Sashibhusan; Anirvan, Prajna; Samantaray, Sagarika; Rout, Niranjan; Ranjit, Manoranjan
Introduction and aim. Most gallbladder cancers (GBCs) are discovered incidentally after routine cholecystectomy. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic implications of incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) versus non-incidental gallbladder cancer (NIGBC) is not known. Material and methods. During this study, clinicopathological details compared between incidental and non-incidental GBC groups included age, sex, clinical presentation, preoperative radiological diagnosis, surgical management, and macroscopic and microscopic features. The primary outcome of the study was difference in overall survival (OS) between IGBC and NIGBC. Results. Among 348 surgically treated patients, 56.6% weren’t preoperatively suspected of GBC. Macroscopic examination showed characteristic thickened gallbladder wall without mass lesion (IGBC) vs. clear mass lesion (NIGBC) on imaging. Interestingly, NIGBC had higher LVI (27% vs. 14%) and T stage (68% T2b/T3 vs. 47% T1b/T2a) despite lower margin involvement (p < 0.001). The OS for all patients was 12.2 months (median). Among patients who underwent surgery with curative intent, the median survival time was 21.4 months. However, within this group, NIGBC cases had a worse median survival (17 months) compared to IGBC cases (21 months). Conclusion. Rising incidental GBC necessitates routine microscopic examination of all gallbladder specimens. Surgeons in high-risk areas should remain vigilant for GBC in patients with atypical clinical and ultrasound findings. Early detection and curative resection are paramount for long-term survival in gallbladder carcinoma, with IGBC potentially offering a survival benefit regardless of stage or tumor characteristics. Prospective studies including detailed pathology and molecular analysis are needed to confirm this observation.
The importance of biochemical indicators in determining male infertility
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Nazarova, Gunay Elshan
Introduction and aim. Recently, infertility has become a global problem and the frequency of the “male” factor in family infertility has reached 40-50%. The aim of the research is to investigate the role of some biochemical indicators (endocrine factors and fructose) in determining male infertility. Material and methods. In the study, the spermogram of 101 men aged 20–46 with idiopathic male infertility, the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin and testosterone hormones in their blood, and the concentration of fructose in their sperm samples were analyzed, and their correlations were determined. Results. The concentration of FSH in the blood serum of men with asthenozoospermia and oligozoospermia increased statistically significantly by 57.7% and 2.4 times, respectively, compared to the control. More serious endocrinological disorders were recorded in men with azoospermia. In men with non-obstructive azoospermia, the concentration of FSH is 8.8 times, that of LH is 2.9 times; while prolactin increased by 89.0% compared to the control, testosterone concentration decreased by 22.9%. The fructose concentration in the oligozoospermia group compared to the control group increased by 60.8% (pH1<0.001), and in the non-obstructive azoospermia group by 2.0 times (pH1=0.001). A positive correlation between FSH and LH and a negative correlation between fructose concentration and forward motility of spermatozoa were determined in both asthenospermic and oligozoospermic patients (ρ=0.544; p=0.002). In case of non-obstructive azoospermia, FSH and prolactin, in azoospermia, LH and testosterone were directly proportional. Conclusion. During male infertility, there is a serious relationship between sperm indicators and endocrine disorders. An increase in the concentration of fructose is the main indicator of a decrease in the number and motility of spermatozoa. A high concentration of FSH and LH in men with azoospermia can be considered one of the important indicators in the diagnosis of non-obstructive azoospermia.

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