European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine T.22, z. 4 (2024)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttps://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/11151

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  • Pozycja
    Doctoral dissertations in nursing – research protocols in a multicenter comparative study
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Teixeira-Santos, Luísa; Cerveny, Martin; Collins, Daniela; Nagórska, Małgorzata; Patel, Harshida; Shao, Joy; Sihvola, Saija; Simoes, Angela; Warshawski, Sigalit; Luiking, Marie-Louise
    Introduction and aim. Nursing doctoral research is vital for advancing the field, improving patient care, and addressing complex healthcare challenges. It contributes to evidence-based practices, innovative interventions, and the development of skilled nurse researchers and leaders, shaping the future of healthcare through enhanced knowledge and informed policy decisions. This scoping review aims to map the landscape of PhD dissertations in the nursing domain. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will consider doctoral studies in nursing domain published in Dutch, English, Finnish, Hebrew, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak, Swedish, published between 2020–2023. Material and methods. The search strategy was to find published literature in the following electronic databases: CINHAL, PubMed, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and ERIC. Additionally, national repositories of several countries was explored, and contact established with universities represented by the members of this research team. The screening process entailed two steps carried out by two independent reviewers: firstly, screening by title and abstract and secondarily by full text. Data describes the literature according to the review research questions that were defined following the PPC mnemonic. Data will be presented graphically when possible and accompanied by a narrative that describes the Ph.D. dissertation characteristics. Conclusion. Identifying areas of research in nursing contributes to the development of nursing as a science.
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    Cryptogenic stroke in a young patient after COVID-19 infection – a case report
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Liyanage, L.R. Sathisha Deshan; Purvishbhai, Soni Karsh; Antipina, Ekaterina Olegovna
    Introduction and aim. Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is a type of cerebral ischemia in which the cause is unknown or unclear. It can be difficult to determine the cause of CS because of various factors, such as incomplete investigations or the transient or reversible nature of the event. Infections can increase the risk of stroke by causing localized inflammation of the meninges and cerebral parenchyma, systemic inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction. COVID-19-related cerebrovascular events can happen due to a hypercoagulable state from systemic inflammation and cytokine storm, post-infectious immune-mediated responses, and direct viral-induced endothelitis, which can lead to angiopathic thrombosis. Description of the case. A 25-year-old male was diagnosed with mild semantic aphasia. The patient had a history of moderate COVID-19 infection. An angiography revealed that the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery in the left hemisphere was not contrasted, indicating an occlusion. MRI and CT scans showed evidence of ischemic changes in the left hemisphere of the brain. The patient was treated with several drugs, including antiplatelet and neuroprotective drugs. Conclusion. Our case demonstrates that autoimmune antibody formation, specifically antinuclear antibodies, can cause vasculopathy, leading to thrombus formation and stroke. It suggests a potential link between autoimmune antibody formation and stroke in COVID-19 patients.
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    A rare case of hypertrophic olivary degeneration in a patient with pontine hemorrhage
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Mamytova, Elmira; Biialieva, Gulmira; Akulich, Evgeniya; Abaeva, Tamara; Monolov, Nurbek; Satybaldiev, Masalbek; Chekirbaeva, Nursulu; Batyrov, Maksatbek
    Introduction and aim. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is an extremely rare disease that affects the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) in the medulla oblongata and is also referred to as hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olives. This type of degeneration is characterized by trans-synaptic degeneration resulting from the blocking of afferent impulses in the ION, which is distinct from HOD. In this report, we present a clinical case of bilateral HOD that was identified and confirmed by neuroimaging two months after pontine hemorrhage. Description of the case. A 52-year-old male was admitted to a university hospital because of gait imbalance, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, psychomotor agitation, visual hallucinations, and full vertical and horizontal gaze paralysis. He had a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. The patient received symptomatic supportive treatment, without surgery. Ten weeks after the vascular incident, neurological examination revealed six cases of right cranial nerve palsy, vertical pendular nystagmus, dysarthria, decreased throat reflexes, and lingual and pharyngeal paresthesia. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral hyperintense foci of 15×6 mm in the medulla oblongata, as detected by T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Two months of treatment with clonazepam, carbamazepine, and vestibular exercise resulted in no positive changes. Rehabilitation and psychotherapy were then continued. Conclusion. Contrast MRI is required to confirm HOD, whereas non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging is the only method used for imaging and is not always reliable because it can cause neoplasia, infarction, demyelinating disorders, infections, and other similar problems.
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    Congenital epulis in a newborn – a case report in Benin City, Nigeria
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Oriaifo, Sylvester; Eweka, Osasere Andrew; Atoe, Kenneth
    Introduction and aim. Congenital epulis is a rare benign tumor that affects the oral cavity of newborns which typically presents as a solitary mass on the maxillary alveolar bridge at birth, with a predilection for the female gender. The rarity of congenital epulis is underscored by the limited number of reported cases in the literature, as evidenced by the infrequent occurrence of this condition in newborns. Description of the case. This case report presents a rare case of congenital epulis, a benign gingival tumor in a newborn. The report includes a brief literature review to provide insights into the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and management of congenital epulis. Conclusion. This case contributes to the current knowledge regarding rarity of occurrence and emphasizes the need for reporting, early intervention and multidisciplinary collaboration in effective management.
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    Neonatal lupus in an infant with maternal history of Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Katakam, Bhumesh Kumar; Dhabal, Arunima; Gurram, Narsimha Rao Netha; Chintagunta, Sudharani
    Introduction and aim. Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a rare autoimmune condition occurring in infants born to mothers with circulating antinuclear autoantibodies, particularly anti-Ro and anti-La. It presents with a characteristic cutaneous rash, which may be accompanied by systemic manifestations. The condition is mostly self-limited, although congenital heart block, if present, is irreversible. We report a rare case of cutaneous NLE in an infant of a mother with a prior history of Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration of skin (JLIS), which is arguably a variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). Description of the case. This report concerns an infant presenting with cutaneous manifestations of NLE, without any systemic involvement. The mother was asymptomatic, but had been previously diagnosed with JLIS. The diagnosis of NLE was made based on serological results from both the infantile and maternal blood. Conservative management was sufficient to achieve complete resolution. Conclusion. The case underscores the importance of considering NLE in infants presenting with annular rash, even in asymptomatic mothers with no known rheumatic disease. It also suggests that JLIS may belong to the same spectrum as LE, rather than being a separate entity. This warrants careful prenatal monitoring in mothers with a concurrent or prior diagnosis of JLIS.
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    The use of topical metronidazole in the management of seborrheic dermatitis – a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Lee, E. Lyn; Shanmugham, Suresh; Kumar, Suresh; Smales, Frederick Charles; Ching, Siew Mooi; Veettil, Sajesh K.
    Introduction and aim. Topical metronidazole, with its well-known anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, could be beneficial for managing seborrheic dermatitis (SD), but studies report conflicting results. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical metronidazole in the treatment of SD. Material and methods. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL was conducted from inception to April 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing metronidazole to any comparator for SD were included in this study. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Analysis of the literature. Seven RCTs were included. Overall, topical metronidazole did not significantly reduce SD symptom severity when compared to any comparator/treatment. However, it significantly reduced symptom severity compared to placebo after 4 to 8 weeks (standardized mean difference (SMD) -3.00, 95% CI, -5.21 to -0.78). Specifically for facial SD, metronidazole showed significant symptom reduction (SMD -0.85, 95% CI, -1.41 to -0.29). No significant differences were found in the proportion of patients with clinical improvement or side effect frequency. Most studies had a high risk of bias and lacked information on missing data and assessor masking. Conclusion. Topical metronidazole demonstrates potential for managing SD, but current trials lack quality. Larger, high-quality trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and compare it with other treatments for SD.
  • Pozycja
    Composite index of anthropometric failure and conventional anthropometric indices of undernutrition among children in India – a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Roy, Soumyajit Singha; Mondal, Nitish
    Introduction and aim. The high prevalence of childhood undernutrition continues to be a major public health issue in India. This systematic and meta-analysis study employed both the composite index of anthropometric failures (CIAF) and conventional to determine the magnitude of undernutrition in Indian children. Material and methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2005 to June 2023 using electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, J-Gate, and ScienceDirect. A random-effects model for pooled prevalence rates was generated and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index and Q statistics. Analysis of the literature. CIAF revealed a higher prevalence of undernutrition than conventional anthropometric indices in children aged 0 to 72 months. The combined prevalence of stunting and underweight was 37% (95%CI: 0.32-0.41), and wasting was 22% (95%CI: 0.18-0.25) (p<0.01). However, according to CIAF categorization, the pooled prevalence of undernourishment was reported to be 55% (95% CI:0.50-0.60; p<0.01). CIAF’s higher prevalence highlights its effectiveness in capturing childhood undernutrition, accounting for children with multiple concurrent nutritional deficiencies in population. Conclusion. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the assessment of undernutrition using conventional anthropometric indices compared with CIAF, which aggregate different aspects of undernutrition, especially when children have multiple undernutrition issues. Appropriate, target-specific interventions are necessary to improve the overall nutritional status of Indian children.
  • Pozycja
    Growth differentiation factor 15 – a review of current literature on biological roles and clinical significance
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Rzemieniewski, Bartosz; Kasztelan, Aleksandra; Poboży, Kamil; Domańska-Poboża, Julia
    Introduction and aim. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell repair, growth, metabolic regulation, and immune response. This review aims to discuss the biological roles and clinical significance of GDF15 and to analyze its impact across different medical fields such as cardiology, oncology, neurology, gynecology, and areas related to aging and metabolic disorders. Material and methods. A review was constructed through a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on studies from 2014 to 2024, using relevant keywords. Analysis of the literature. Recent research highlights GDF15’s potential as a biomarker in cardiovascular diseases, its role in cancer progression and resistance to therapies, and its significance in metabolic regulation affecting conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cachexia. Emerging research also points to its role in aging, mitochondrial diseases, and systemic conditions such as sepsis, liver, and lung disorders. Conclusion. GDF15’s involvement in multiple pathological states and its broad impact across various medical disciplines underline its potential for future clinical applications. Understanding GDF15’s complex roles could lead to novel therapeutic strategies and enhance prognostic assessments in diverse medical fields.
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    Valentino’s syndrome – a systematic review of a life-threatening mimic of acute appendicitis
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Salati, Sajad Ahmad; AlSalamah, Yasir Ahmed; AlSulaim, Lamees Sulaiman
    Introduction and aim. Valentino’s syndrome is an atypical but potentially lethal presentation of a perforated peptic ulcer. It closely mimics appendicitis. Literature about this disorder is sparse due to its rarity. Hence, this article was compiled to gain an understanding of this disorder. This article was composed to review the profiles of patients with Valentino’s syndrome reported in the recent literature. Material and methods. A systematic literature search was conducted through electronic databases, including PubMed, ResearchGate, and Scopus, using the key words and terms “Valentino’s syndrome,” “perforated duodenal ulcer simulating acute appendicitis,” and “perforated peptic ulcer mimicking acute appendicitis.” Only English literature was considered for inclusion in this study, and the time frame was fixed between 2012 and 2023. Analysis of the literature. Twenty-seven cases from both genders, ranging in age from 7 to 76 years, were included in the review. In 20 cases, the diagnosis was made at laparotomy for a presumed diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Six cases had undergone appendectomy as their first surgical operation, but their condition had worsened postoperatively and had undergone re-exploration at a delay of 3 to 10 days (mean 6±2.86 days; mode 3 days). One patient required a third abdominal exploration. Conclusion. Valentino’s syndrome has a very high rate of misdiagnosis. There is a need to increase awareness of this disorder among healthcare professionals so that it might be considered a differential diagnosis while a patient is being evaluated for acute abdomen.
  • Pozycja
    Preiser disease in pediatric population – a review
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Kopcik, Katarzyna; Kwinta, Robert
    Introduction and aim. Preiser disease is an avascular necrosis of the scaphoid. It is a rare disease, and even less common among the pediatric population. Disease is idiopathic, occurring without trauma or scaphoid non-union. Diagnostic methods include classic radiology, CT, MRI and bone scan. Treatment may be both surgical and conservative, and main aim is pain relief and widening range of motion of the wrist. The main aim of this paper is to summarize available knowledge about Preiser disease in the pediatric population. Material and methods. The paper is based on scientific publications available in PubMed and NCBI databases. After evaluation of abstracts, papers were selected and analyzed, considering the references citied. Analysis of the literature. Preiser disease is rare in the pediatric population. Children tend to present better results after conservative treatment than adults. Currently there are no unified treatment recommendations in Preiser disease, as knowledge about this condition is still limited. Wider research is vital to unify management recommendations. Conclusion. Preiser disease can affect patients of both sexes at any age, but it is exceedingly rare in children. There is a need for controlled randomized studies to establish the treatment standards, which is challenging due to the rarity of the disease. By now, non-surgical treatment tends to be the most common among the pediatric population. Surgical methods implemented in this condition include vascularized bone grafts and proximal row carpectomy.
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    Semaglutide – a long – awaited cure for obesity or an elusive treatment?
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Oleksak, Izabela; Maliszewska, Karolina; Szawłoga, Tomasz; Welian-Polus, Iwona; Wilanowska, Wiktoria; Babkiewicz-Jahn, Kamila; Matuszewska, Justyna; Szymańska, Adrianna
    Introduction and aim. Obesity is a challenging disease that affects various organs and cannot be easily treated. Therefore, the discovery that taking semaglutide results in weight loss caused great excitement amongst patients and medical professionals. The aim of this literature review is to explore the benefits and dangers of semaglutide and its effectiveness in treating obesity. Material and methods. Review of articles published in PubMed since 2017 until first quarter of 2024. Analysis of literature. Obesity is an increasing problem of the world population. There are different approaches in obesity treatment. Semaglutide seems effective in treating diabetes, as well as conditions that emerge from long-lasting obesity. It showed positive influence regarding diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular risk and more. It is important to remember about possible adverse events. The most prominent are gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. New reports show complications with simultaneous use of anesthesia or coexisting depression. Larger studies on semaglutiderelated side effects will be published in 2025 and in 2026. Conclusion. Semaglutide is an anti-diabetic drug showing promising effects in treating diabetes and in alleviating conditions caused by obesity. It is worth remembering that its side effects have not yet been fully investigated.
  • Pozycja
    Forensic aspects of salbutamol overdose – doping, abuse, and suicide
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Kycler, Maciej; Rzepczyk, Szymon; Teżyk, Artur; Żaba, Czesław
    Introduction and aim. Salbutamol is a popular drug used in respiratory diseases. With the increasing prevalence of the use of this substance for therapeutic purposes and its availability on the market, the frequency of its use for other purposes has also risen due to its effects outside the respiratory system. The aim of the study was to investigate the medico-legal aspects of salbutamol. Material and methods. Medical literature databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched. The search was carried out in accordance with the specified purpose of the keyword research using Boolean operators. Analysis of the literature. In sports, the use of salbutamol is strictly regulated by anti-doping regulations. Recreational substance abuse and accidental overdoses, mainly among children and the elderly, are also important. Rare cases of suicide attempts associated with the use of salbutamol have also been reported. Conclusion. Salbutamol overdoses are usually not life threatening. However, one should remember about the possibility of accidental overdose, especially among the elderly and children taking the drug chronically. Currently, the use of salbutamol for recreational purposes is rare. In sports, the status of salbutamol use, especially among athletes who do not require its use for therapeutic reasons, is still a controversial issue.
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    Zn and Se supplementation abrogated metals-(metaloids) mixture mediated ocular-thymus toxicity via modulation of oxido-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms in female Sprague Dawley rats
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Antia, Mfoniso; Ezejiofor, Anthonet N.; Orish, Chinna N.; Ugwu, Theresa; Cirovic, Ana; Cirovic, Aleksandar; Ajibo, Doris N.; Orisakwe, Orish E.
    Introduction and aim. This is an evaluation of the protective effects of Zn and Se in the eye and thymus of rats exposed to cock tail noxious metal mixtures (CNMM) (Al, Pb, Hg and Mn) in ameliorating ocular pathologies due to autoimmunity. Material and methods. Female Sprague rats were grouped into eight (n=5) and orally exposed to various treatments for a period of 60 days: (1): the control group receive deionized water only; (2): the CNMM only group received lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 (20 mg/kg), AlCl3 (35 mg/kg), HgCl2 (0.40 mg/kg) and MnCl2 (0.56 mg/kg); (3) received CNMM+ZnCl2, 0.80 mg/kg; (4) received CNMM+Na2SeO3, 1.50 mg/kg; (5) received CNMM+ZnCl2, 0.80 mg/kg and Na2SeO3, 1.50 mg/kg combination. Oxidative stress markers, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and caspase-3 and histopathological changes were determined. Results. CNMM decreased antioxidants levels but increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations. CNMM in creased levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2, and nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and caspase-3. There was moderate retinal degeneration and total cell loss at the ganglionic cell layer in the eye; severe degenerative thymus, lymphocyte depletion and multifocal necrosis in CNMM only. Conclusion. Supplementation with Zn and Se reduced the biochemical and histopathological changes in the eye and thymus in response to CNMM exposure.
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    Tryptophan reduces the degree of brown adipose tissue whitening in rats with visceral obesity
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Yanko, Roman; Levashov, Mikhail; Safonov, Sergey
    Introduction and aim. The relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and visceral obesity (VO) is a topic of growing interest in scientific and medical research. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of L-tryptophan on histomorpho logical abnormalities in BAT induced by a high calorie diet (HCD). Material and methods. The study was performed on male Wistar rats 3 months of age. Control rats (group I) were fed a stan dard diet. VO in animals (groups II and III) was modelled by exposure to an HCD (45% fat and 31% carbohydrates) for 12 weeks. The rats in group III were also given L-tryptophan (80 mg/kg). Histological preparations were prepared from the interscapular bodies of the BAT. Indicators of lipid metabolism, oxygen consumption, subcutaneous oxygen tension and basal temperature were measured in the rats. Results. It was found that the group of rats on HCD lead to the development of VO, and histomorphological changes occur in BAT indicating a decrease in its activity. Supplementation with L-tryptophan reduced the structural abnormalities in BAT, name ly the accumulation of fat, the whitening of brown adipocytes, and prevented excessive loss of activity due to the deleterious effects of HCD. Conclusion. Supplementation with L-tryptophan may have a potential benefit in preventing the development of excessive VO by preserving BAT activity.
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    Determination of the effect of gender perception among university students on attitudes towards disabled women
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Ünal, Esra; Öztürk, Simge
    Introduction and aim. This study investigates the effect of gender perception among university students on attitudes towards disabled women. Material and methods. The target population of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of university students enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences in a province located in southern Türkiye. The Socio-demographic Form, the Gender Perception Scale, and the Attitudes towards Disabled Women Scale were administered to the participants through Google Forms. The sample of the study consisted of 644 students registered at the Faculty of Health Sciences and meeting the inclusion criteria. Results. A positive and moderately significant correlation was found between gender perception and attitudes towards disabled women among students who were enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences. The variables explaining 26.3% of the total variance for the attitudes towards disabled women included the presence of a disabled individual in the family, education of disabled individuals together with individuals with no disabilities, views about the marriage of disabled women, kinship with the disabled relative, and gender perception scale score. Conclusion. It was concluded that gender perception had a significant effect on the attitudes of students enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences towards disabled women.
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    The impact of baby care education provided to mothers in the early postpartum period on the maternal role and postpartum anxiety
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Özkoç, Melike; Tandoğan, Özden
    Introduction and aim. Baby care training given to mothers can help them feel more secure and make their motherhood role more effective. The aim was to determine the effect of early postnatal infant care training on the maternal role and anxiety in first-time mothers. Material and methods. The study involved 60 mothers of which n=30 were in a control group with treatment as usual and n=30 were in the intervention group receiving special training on infant feeding, basic hygiene practices, baby’s sleep patterns and basic care skills. Training took place in the first 8 and 24 hours after birth and mothers were followed up 5 weeks later. The “Barkin Maternal Function Inventory (BMFI)” and “Postpartum Anxiety Scale (PAS)” were used to measure maternal roles and postpartum anxiety at 6 weeks after birth. Results. Participants were usually between 28–32 years of age and were first-time mothers. Six weeks after birth, there was a statistically significant difference in BMFI total scores between the experimental and control groups (p<0.001), while the experimental group scored higher (89.8±11.01). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of postpartum anxiety. Conclusion. Significant improvements were observed in the anxiety levels and mothering skills of mothers who received training. It is recommended that similar training programs be implemented on a larger scale and their effects be monitored long-term.
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    Assessment of behavior and barriers of post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention of rabies in patients attending a tertiary care center in eastern India – a mixed method approach
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Debata, Ipsita; Nayak, Rosy; Behera, Basanta Kumar; Panda, Prem Sagar; Nayak, Smrutiranjan; Mandal, Dibyajyoti
    Introduction and aim. Rabies from animal bites, although preventable, is almost 100% fatal, with the dog being the most common infected animal. Several factors influence the timely initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) which needs to be explored. This study aimed to determine the facilitating and inhibiting factors in initiating PEP among animal bite victims attending a tertiary care center in Eastern India. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 consenting animal bite victims attending casualty and medicine as out-patients in a tertiary care hospital. A mixed-method study approach was undertaken to explore the facilitating and inhibiting factors for the timely initiation of PEP using a pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results. The most common biting animal were dogs (96.2%). Around 102 patients (68%) were males and 48 (32%) were females. Timely initiation of PEP was seen in 112 (74.7%) of the study sample while delay was seen in 38 (25.3%). The inhibiting factors were the absence of an accompanying person (54.67%), the absence of vaccines and immunoglobulins in the nearest health facility (50.67%), referral from other health facilities (44%) and preferred other modalities of treatment (24.67%). Delays in initiation of PEP was significantly associated with gender (p=0.018), place of residence (p<0.001), those living more than 20 km from a health facility (p=0.014), educational status (p<0.001), and those with monthly income <10000 INR (p<0.01). Conclusion. Lower economic status, education, and accessibility to health facilities were major inhibiting factors causing a delay in the initiation of PEP. Further, community-based studies are warranted.
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    Comparison of novel bioactive, bioceramic materials in vital pulp therapy in deciduous teeth – a clinical in vivo study
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Acharya, Sonu; Gurunathan, Deepa
    Introduction and aim. The use of modern bioceramic materials has enhanced the predictability of vital pulp therapy. This study aimed to assess the clinical success of Biodentine, modified NeoPutty mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 as pulp capping materials for indirect pulp capping in carious primary teeth. Material and methods. Indirect pulp treatment (IPT) was performed on 36 deciduous molars in 36 patients who were presented with deep carious lesions. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: Biodentine (12 teeth), modified NeoPuttyMTA (12 teeth), and Ca(OH)2 (12 teeth). Results. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 21.0. Pearson’s Chi-square test was employed to compare success and failure rates among Biodentine, modified Neoputty MTA, and Ca(OH)2 at three different time intervals (30, 90, and 180 days) and overall success and failure rates regardless of the time intervals. In the statistical analysis, different pulp capping materials yielded varying success rates. The modified NeoPutty MTA group demonstrated a success rate of 91.67%, the Biodentine group 83.33%, and the Ca(OH)2 group 58.33% after 6 months. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion. IPT with calcium silicate-based materials, such as Biodentine and modified NeoPutty MTA, showed superior results when compared to the use of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. Although differences in success rates were observed among the materials, they did not reach statistical significance.
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    Assessment of the quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients – a comparative study of WHOQOL-BREF and DQOL instruments
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Asti, Arnika Dwi; Sarwono; Kinwati; Suwaryo, Putra Agina Widyaswara
    Introduction and aim. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent health issue that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. Evaluating quality of life in T2DM patients is crucial for understanding the broader effects of the disease and improving patient care. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the WHOQOL-BREF and DQOL instruments in measuring the quality of life of T2DM patients. Material and methods. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted from March to June 2023 at Puskesmas Wanadadi 1 Banjarnegara. The sample consisted of 195 T2DM patients selected using purposive sampling based on the following inclusion criteria: diagnosed with T2DM for at least one year, aged 30-70 years, willing to participate, and able to complete the questionnaires. Data were collected using the WHOQOL-BREF and DQOL questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. Results. The analysis revealed that the WHOQOL-BREF and DQOL instruments provided comprehensive insights into the quality of life of T2DM patients. The WHOQOL-BREF was particularly effective in assessing physical and environmental domains (p<0.05), while the DQOL was more sensitive to diabetes-specific concerns and psychological well-being (p<0.05). Conclusion. Both the WHOQOL-BREF and DQOL are effective in evaluating the quality of life of T2DM patients, each offering unique strengths in different domains. The findings suggest that a combined use of these instruments could provide a more holistic understanding of the quality of life impacts in T2DM patients, guiding more targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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    Perceived COVID-19 anxiety, fear and depression levels among university students during the decreased restrictions of COVID-19 pandemic
    (Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-12) Baş, Kazim
    Introduction and aim. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted human life. It is observed that a significant group affected by this situation are university students. Evaluating the psychological states of students during the transition to normal life from the pandemic period is important. This study was conducted to examine the perceived levels of COVID-19 anxiety, fear, and depression among university students during the descreased restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1170 university students. The data were collected using “the Introductory Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale – Short Form, and the Depression Scale. Results. It was observed that there was a difference between gender, class, education level, income level, having had COVID-19, and having a deceased relative due to COVID-19 and perceived COVID-19 anxiety and fear and depression levels among university students (p<0.05). Conclusion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, although restrictions have been lifted, students still experience moderate levels of COVID-19 anxiety, fear, and depression. Therefore, considering the factors that affect university students’ mental state, there is a need for services that support students’ mental well-being.