Przeglądanie według Autor "Florek, Marek"

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A Preliminary Report on a Search for Artefacts and Verification Excavations Conducted within the Limits of the Old Village of Trójca in 2020 and 2021
(the Authors, 2022-12) Florek, Marek
In 2020–2021, within the limits of Trójca – a medieval village located near a ford on the Vistula River that is today part of Zawichost – artefacts were sought with the use of metal detectors. Next, a survey excavation was conducted, resulting in the discovery of e.g. two silver hoards from the 11th and 12th c., single coins from the 11th–12th c. (over 140 specimens) and from later times, merchant’s weights, adornments, minor devotional articles and military accessories (especially from the 11th–13th c.) and many other artefacts. Their discovery makes us suspect that Trójca was one of the most important supralocal trade centres of Lesser Poland in the early Middle Ages. The conducted excavations and research are only the first stage for future archaeological prospections to be conducted in Trójca and will be continued in the years to come.
Archaeology in a scrapyard, or how a monument ceases to be a monument
(the Authors, 2020) Florek, Marek; Kokowski, Andrzej
Amateur searches for archaeological artefacts, most frequently with the use of metal detectors, are generally aimed at building up private collections. They have also become a source of income in the illegal trade in artefacts. Collecting ancient artefacts as recyclable metal is a new phenomenon. At the scrapyard in Milczany, Sandomierz district, several kilograms of such scrap were found, among which two fibulae from the Roman period, Almgren 67 and 43, were recognised. They are valuable in the research into the history of the Przeworsk Culture. The authors also note the widespread practice of collecting striped flint, used by modern jewellers, which has resulted in the devastation of several sites which were relics of ancient mines of this material. The authors consider the scientific value of the recovered artefacts, which often cannot be localised precisely. They call for the unceasing promotion of the value of archaeological artefacts and indicate its effectiveness in the Hrubieszow Basin.
Badania ratownicze osady wczesnośredniowiecznej w Głazowie, stan. 22, pow. sandomierski
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2020) Florek, Marek
In 2005, rescue excavations were carried out at site 22 (discovered a year earlier) in Głazów. Their aim was to record and explore the features visible in the high balk. Two of the examined features were the remains of smoking chambers (pits), and the third pit could be of an utility function. Based on the pottery sherds found inside, these features should be dated between the beginning of the 9th and the end of the 10th century. However, in the arable layer of the ground and on the surface of the site, there were mainly fragments of ceramics determined to the 12th – 13th centuries. This dating indicates the two-phase settlement of the early medieval site 22 in Głazów: the first phase – 9th – 10th (or the beginning of the 11th century); the second phase – 12th – 13th centuries. The village Głazów, which exists today, is a direct continuation of the settlement of the second phase.
Bronze Age Hoard of Axes Found in Oficjałów, Opatów Commune, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Florek, Marek
In 2011, a hoard consisting of 3 bronze flanged axes (with a funnel-shaped face), so called Bohemian type was found in the village Oficjałów, Opatów commune, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The hoard can be dated to the middle period of the Bronze Age (HA1 phase). Regarding Polish territories, similar axes, mainly discovered in hoards, rarely individually, occasionally in burial complexes, are known mostly from Silesia, and also from western Lesser Poland, rarely from other regions. This is the third hoard of bronze items discovered on the Sandomierz Uplands and the first one containing axes. It may be the evidence of influence of the Western Lesser Poland group of the Lusatian culture (possibly even in the form of infiltration of small groups of people) on “Lusatian settlement” appearing on the Sandomierz Uplands. What is more, we cannot exclude the possibility that, together with other hoards and individual bronze artefacts from this area, it is the evidence of contacts of the local group of the Trzciniec culture with the “Lusatian” environment in the Sandomierz Upland.
Funnelbeaker Culture artifacts from the settlement in Mozgawa, Pińczów Commune, Świętokrzyskie Province
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2008) Florek, Marek; Wiśniewski, Tadeusz
Issues concerning the existence and functions of the so-called great kurgans in Małopolska in early phases of the Early Middle Ages
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2008) Florek, Marek
„Luźne” znaleziska żelaznych grotów oszczepów kultury przeworskiej z Wyżyny Sandomierskiej i jej obrzeża
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2020) Florek, Marek
The subject of the research are 5 spearheads from the villages: Leszczków, Rytwiany, Szczeka and Lubienia, in the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The artefacts, apart from the one from Szczeka, were found by accident, probably in the course of illegal searches with the use of metal detectors. The spearheads should be dated to the younger Pre-Roman period and the Roman period. They probably come from the destroyed cremation graves from the unknown so far cemeteries of the Przeworsk culture.
Nowe cmentarzysko w Rzeczycy Suchej, gm. Dwikozy, woj. świętokrzyskie
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Florek, Marek; Kurzawska, Aldona; Płaza, Dominik Kacper
In 2014, accidentally ploughed human bones were discovered in the field in the village Rzeczyca Sucha, Sandomierz district, and a year later rescue and trial archaeological excavations were carried out. In the course of research, two poorly preserved human burials were uncovered. One of them contained grave goods and those were two pendants made of shells. It was possible to establish C14 dating on the basis of one of the skeletons. The results of the research indicate the end of the Neolithic period.
Nowe znaleziska średniowiecznych czekanów i toporów z okolic Sandomierza i Opatowa, woj. świętokrzyskie
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2023-12) Florek, Marek
Between 2020 and 2023, six iron battle axe heads from the Medieval or Early Modern period were found accidentally or during searches for artefacts using metal detectors in the vicinity of Sandomierz and Opatów. The oldest of these items is an iron axe-hammer head of the bradatica type from the 9 th to 10 th centuries, while the youngest is a small battle axe (known as an „obuszek”) from the Late Middle Ages or the Early Old Polish period (16 th –18 th centuries).
Nowożytny (?) grot oszczepu z Rudnika nad Sanem, pow. niżański, woj. podkarpackie
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2021) Florek, Marek; Stępnik, Tomasz
An iron spearhead accidentally found in 2020 in the woods of Rudnik nad Sanem, was initially described as a piece of the spear and dated, on the basis of its shape, back to the Middle Ages, most probably to 10th–13th century. In the course of conservation work the remains of wood from the socket were restored. Wood species analysis revealed that the shaft was made of maple tree. C14 dating shows that it originated from Modern Period, most likely from the 17th century. In light of these discoveries one should conclude that the spearhead was not part of a spear, but of a javelin used as a hunting weapon, probably in the 17th century.
Rudnik on the San: spatial arrangement and changes in town topography from the mid-sixteenth to late nineteenth century
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Florek, Marek
Rudnik on the San River is an example of one of the first private foundations of a town in Sandomierz Land, which was to become the administrative and economic centre of a small estate consisting of several villages and at the same time, due to its location by the Sandomierz – Przemyśl route and near the navigable San, it also took part in regional trade. The size and spatial arrangement of town reflected its needs in this context. Here we can see one of the first attempts in this area to apply the Renaissance concept of a private town combined with the owners seat. Full realization of this concept, as well as the development of the town in line with initial expectations, were hampered by frequent changes of ownership, their limited financial resources, competition from other private towns, and finally warfare in the second half of the seventeenth century with the consequent economic crisis.
Some Issues Related to the Problem of Heritage Conservation of Archaeological Complexes in Czermno (Tomaszów Lubelski County) and Gródek (Hrubieszów County)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Florek, Marek
This paper discusses some problems related to the conservation of two archaeological complexes in Czermno and Grodek in the Lublin Voivodeship. Their characteristics and research history are described in detail, along with their preservation state, ownership status, risks, and current heritage conservation activities. The conclusions presented in the paper are related to the need for further scientific, interdisciplinary research, conservation efforts, and changing their protection status as defined by law. Finally, a proposal is made to found a Czermno-Grodek open-air museum, which would make these tasks easier.
Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzysko kurhanowe w Międzygórzu, pow. Opatów, woj. świętokrzyskie (Międzygórz, stan. 44). Wyniki badań wykopaliskowych w latach 2006–2009
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2023-12) Florek, Marek
The article discusses the results of excavations carried out in 2006–2009 at the Early Medieval barrow cemetery in Międzygórz. During the excavations, 5 burial mounds were identified. In all of them, cremation burials were found. In four cases, the burned remains of the deceased were scattered directly on the surface of the mounds or originally deposited in some organic containers, and in one example they were placed in a pottery urn placed on the top of the mound. There were also remains that could be associated with funeral ceremonies held at the cemetery and in honour of the dead. The cemetery should be dated to the 8 th –9 th century.