The article is the institution of the building police. The starting point for consideration in this study was done genealogy of the concept of the police. Initially, the term "police" identified with the political system of the state, later narrowing the concept of matters relating to the administration. Its mission was to provide security, order and public peace. Then the administration police was separated, building police, as a independent service operating in the sphere of construction. The heyday of the building police occurred in the XIX century. Its main objective was to ensure the safety and general governance in construction. The functioning of the building police had a large impact on subsequent legislation. To date, police have rules governing the nature of the construction process, which aims to ensure safety and order in the construction industry. Especially police functions highlighted in the activities of the building supervision organs.