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A Double Child Coffin from the Southern Crypt of the Holy Trinity Church in Radzyń Podlaski (19th Century)
(the Authors, 2022-12) Dabralet, Igor; Michalik, Jakub; Grupa, Małgorzata; Gałka, Barbara
The lives of children in the past were both ephemeral and fragile. The birth of a child, although expected and prayed for, was inevitably connected with the fear of death of both the mother and child, and every childbirth was a kind of a challenge. Unfortunately, in many cases, it finished with death during the delivery or just after. Surviving childhood safely was a constant struggle for the smaller members of a community. This information is evidenced during archaeological explorations of churches and burial grounds. No matter whether they were rich or poor, death took its toll on every social group. There was only the difference in the way of burial ceremony and accessories attributed to it. Some of the child burials were comparable with the richest burials of adults. One of them, a burial in a double coffin, attracted archaeologists’ attention at the very beginning of exploration in Radzyń Podlaski. A child burial in a double coffin can be classified as a unique find, not only in the area of Poland but also in Europe.
A Few Remarks on the Presence of Wood in Funeral Rites of the Lusatian Cultural in the Lublin Region
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Kłosińska, Elżbieta Małgorzata
In the Early Iron Age, there were burial cemeteries (Bliskowice, Krupy, Lublin-Jakubowice Murowane) in the Lublin region where wooden chests/sarcophagi were built, probably as family graves. These cemeteries were arranged in order: rows of graves were running along the E-W axis, and each chest was located along the S-N axis. The dead, equipped with vessels and animal food, were burnt together with the chest. This custom refers to the burial rite performed by the population of the Western-Podolian Scythian culture. Previously, in the Bronze Age, population of the Lusatian culture used wood during funerary rites, but to a lesser extent (palisades and fences).
Pilgrimage Crosses from Explorations of the Parish Church in Końskowola (Lubelskie province)
(the Authors, 2021) Dobek, Mikołaj; Michalik, Jakub
Archaeological explorations carried out inside the crypts of Catholic churches typically deliver a wealth of movable historical artefacts, including numerous devotional objects such as pilgrim souvenirs. During excavation works in the crypts of Końskowola parish church of The Discovery of The Holy Cross and St. Andrew the Apostle, two wooden crosses made of dark wood were found. Looking at the history of devotionalism and the pilgrimage movement, it became possible to define the role of the described objects when they reached Końskowola. Type analysis of the material used in the production of the objects can help in further studies on wooden objects brought to Poland over the centuries.
The Yew Cross from Szczuczyn – a Symbol of Life and Death or an Unusual Memento?
(the Authors, 2022-12) Michalik, Jakub
Archaeological research in the crypts of the Church of the Holy Name of the Virgin Mary in Szczuczyn has been carried out since 2012. Many years of research have made it possible to identify some of the buried people, including the Piarists who served as the hosts of the church. One of the monks identified was Stanislaw Marszycki, who took the name Simeon of St Joseph after his monastic vows. Identification of the Piarist was possible thanks to the information on the coffin. On the deceased’s vestments rested a wooden crucifix, which can be interpreted as part of the deceased’s individual equipment. The crucifix was subjected to wood species identification using a microscope with transmitted light. This made it possible to determine that it was made from the wood of the common yew tree (Taxus baccata L.). Yew wood is a valuable material and was used to make both large boatbuilding components, furniture, and weapons, and was also readily used in 18th- -century gardens. The yew was also a tree around which there was a great deal of superstition. Because of its toxicity and longevity, it was treated as both a tree of death and life. The cross from the monk’s coffin, according to superstition, might have guarded the deceased against evil, been an individual object with which the deceased was associated, or perhaps was chosen because yew wood was eminently polishable and with a beautiful colouration.