Przeglądanie według Temat "prevalence"

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Assessment of nutritional status in relation to socio-economic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in early childhood in Morocco
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Benayad, Fatima Zohra; Razine, Rachid; Barich, Fatima; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Haroun, Abbas Ermilo; El Hilali, Samia; Obtel, Majdouline
Introduction and aim. The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of children aged 0-24 months, and analyze its association with socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the outpatient health network between 2021 and 2022, by taking anthropometric measurements of children in accordance with World Health Organization standards and using a questionnaire sent to consenting mothers. Results. 1012 children were included in this study. The prevalence of overweight was 13.3%, obesity 3.2%, wasting and severe wasting 2.7%. The study revealed that boys had a higher prevalence of overweight compared to girls (p=0.01), while girls were more likely to have a normal weight than boys (p=0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was observed between nutritional status and age in boys (p=0.003); however, malnutrition such as overweight and wasting increased after the age of 12 months in both genders. There was a significant correlation between child nutritional status, gender, and residence, but no significant association was found with parental education or household income. Conclusion. This study suggests that it is important to develop strategies to improve socio-economic status in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Percepcja i rozpowszechnienie wybranych czynników ryzyka palenia tytoniu i używania innych wyrobów nikotynowych wśród dzieci i młodzieży w południowo zachodniej Polsce
(Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, 2019-07-04) Lintowska, Agnieszka
Szczególną grupą ryzyka palenia papierosów i używania innych wyrobów nikotynowych są dzieci i młodzież.[Jest to populacja bardzo podatna na bodźce zachęcające do palenia, a także szybsze wykształcenie uzależnienia od nikotyny niż w przypadku dorosłych. Celami podjętych badań były ocena rozpowszechnienia palenia, narażenie na środowiskowe, behawioralne czynniki ryzyka palenia, motywacji podjęcia palenia oraz ryzyko regularnego palenia w przyszłości w populacji dzieci i młodzieży Dolnego Śląska. W pracy wykorzystano dwa kwestionariusze ankiety udostępnione przez American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Badania przeprowadzono w okresie od lutego do grudnia 2016 roku w grupie dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 12 – 19 lat oraz dodatkowo w grupie osób dorosłych pełniących funkcje rodzicielskie (rodziców lub opiekunów). Wszyscy badani byli mieszkańcami województwa dolnośląskiego. Większość badanej populacji w wieku 12-19 lat paliło papierosy bądź inne wyroby nikotynowe, tendencje te rosły wraz z wiekiem, niezależnie od płci i miejsca zamieszkania. Wykazano dysonans w deklaracjach rodziców i dzieci w zakresie narażenia dzieci i młodzieży na bierne palenie w warunkach domowych. Około ¼ badanych uczniów wskazało, że systematyczne palenie dotyczy wszystkich lub prawie wszystkich uczniów w klasie, a 12% palących deklarowało pełne objawy uzależnienia od nikotyny. Większość uczniów prezentowało niedostateczny poziom wiedzy na temat szkodliwości palenia. Czynnikami ryzyka palenia tytoniu były palenie tytoniu przez rodziców, rówieśników, inicjacja palenia tytoniu przed 13 r. ż., wypalenie co najmniej 100 papierosów w życiu oraz palenie w ostatnich 30 dniach przed badaniem.
Prevalence and predictors of job stress among healthcare workers in secondary health centers in a Nigerian City
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Oni, Daramola F.; Azeez, Ismaheel A.; Olaniyan, Fatai A.; Ilori, Titilayo H.
Introduction and aim. Stress is prevalent in all aspects of our lives and it seems particularly overwhelming in the workplace. This study identified prevalence and factors associated with job stress among healthcare workers in public secondary health facilities in the Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Material and methods. The study was a cross-sectional study. Two hundred and sixty-nine healthcare workers were recruited over three months. The respondents were recruited using the systematic sampling techniques. Results. The age range of the participants was 20–59 years with a mean age of 39.28(SD 9.39).The prevalence of job stress among physicians was 42.1%, health management staff 31.3%, pharmacists 28.6%, nurses 23.5%, and laboratory personnel 23.1%. Most participants 162(61.1%) had functional families. Participants from polygamous families were about 70% less likely to report job stress compared with those from monogamous setting (OR=0.3, 95%CI 0.07–0.9). Participants from dysfunctional families were about 2 times more likely to report job stress compared to those with functional families. OR=2.0, 95%CI (1.09–3.56). Conclusion. Compared with nurses, this study demonstrated a higher prevalence of job stress among physicians and other healthcare workers. Family type and family support were predictors of job stress among healthcare workers. The outcome of this study would be used as a source of information for practice and policy making for health facilities in Nigeria, and some places in Africa, with the aim of planning improved conditions for health workers through appropriate job stress management.
Prevalence of depression in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension: DEPTH Study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Lalwani, Raj Kumar; Shah, Jayesh Dashrathlal; Chatterjea, Tapas; Nadakuduru, Papa Rao; Erande, Suhas
Introduction. Depression, a common psychiatric mood disorder, is a leading cause of disability and a significant contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Aim. To determine the prevalence of depression in patients with controlled and uncontrolled type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hypertension (HTN) in India. The association of depression with socio-demographic profile and clinical risk factors was also assessed. Material and methods. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, T2DM and/or HTN patients attending outpatient department at tertiary care hospitals and private clinics across 54 cities in India were enrolled. The primary outcome measure was to determine the prevalence of depression in T2DM, HTN and T2DM + HTN patients. Association of depression with patients’ demography, socio-economic status, anxiety, and clinically diagnosed insomnia were also investigated. Results. Of 1829 patients, the prevalence of depression in T2DM, HTN and T2DM+HTN cases were found to be 51.03%, 46.94% and 48.64%, respectively. A higher proportion of patients with uncontrolled T2DM and HTN reported depression (T2DM: 77.64% vs. 22.36%; HTN: 72.49% vs. 27.51%). There was a significant association between anxiety and severity of depression across all indications (p<0.0001). Depression was significantly associated with complications in T2DM (p=0.0001) and comorbidities in T2DM + HTN (p=0.0023) cases. Conclusion. Depression is highly prevalent and has a direct significant association with various socio-demographic variables and anxiety in Indian patients with T2DM and/or HTN.