Przeglądanie według Temat "hepatitis B"

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Antiviral drug resistance rates among patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-06) Özlük, Suat; Bayram, Yasemin; Özkaçmaz, Ayşe; Parlak, Mehmet; Özdemir, Ayşe; Aypak, Cenk
Introduction and aim. Chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) affects millions of people around the world. Many clinicians find it challenging to choose therapeutic agents due to the mutations that occur in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that cause drug resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the HBV resistance rates against the currently recommended first-line therapies in the region of our country where HBV prevalence is high. Material and methods. A total of 96 patients (56 men and 40 women) with HBV infection were enrolled in the study. The serum samples collected from those were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis followed by pyrosequencing (PyroStar HBV Drug Resistance Test, Altona Diagnostics, Germany) for drug resistance mutations associated with lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir. Results. HBV drug-resistance mutations were investigated in 80 treatment-naïve and 16 treatment-experienced patients (6 entecavir, 4 PEGylated-interferon, 4 tenofovir, 2 lamivudine). None of the HBV-DNA samples had mutations cause to drug resistance were detected in any codons regions that were analyzed. Conclusion. Antiviral resistance poses serious obstacles for clinicians in the treatment of CHB. Determining whether antiviral resistance exists in HBV is critical to choose the appropriate treatment agent.
Knowledge, risk perception and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine among youths in a semi-urban area in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2024-09) Oyasope, Beatrice Tomisin; Atibioke, Oluyemi Peter; Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi
Introduction and aim. Hepatitis B is a chronic liver disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of hepatitis B vaccine, the incidence of disease is increasing. This study was designed to investigate the knowledge, risk perception, and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine among youths in the Ido Local Government Area, Oyo state, Nigeria. Material and methods. A cross-sectional survey design was adapted, and 422 consenting youths were recruited. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A 19-point knowledge scale was used; scores ≤6, >6–12, and >12– 19 were considered poor, fair and good knowledge, respectively. Risk perception was measured on a 14-point scale, with scores ≤7 and >7 as poor and good, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact at α0.05. Results. Respondents were 26.6±3.5 years, and 56.2% were females. Only 13.7% had good knowledge of hepatitis B, and 53.2% had a good perception of hepatitis B infection. Moreover, 48.9% had received at least one dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine. A significant association existed between knowledge, risk perception and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion. Knowledge and utilization of hepatitis B vaccine were low among the respondents. Health education programs in the study area are crucial to improving hepatitis B vaccine utilization among youth.