Przeglądanie według Temat "Pakistan"

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Energetyka wodna w Pakistanie. Szanse i zagrożenia
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Głogowski, Aleksander
Hydro energy is not the main source of energy for the rapidly developing Pakistani economy, but it is an important element of her energy mix. From the Islamabad's economic interests point of view of, the priority is to limit the scale of blackouts, which slow down the development of economics and make life of Pakistan’s population tougher. Hydro power plants, however, are considered more expensive when it comes to the cost of construction than conventional ones. They have a significant advantage: they do not require fuel, and therefore for a country relatively lacking natural resources it is an interesting alternative. The Indus river basin area is suitable to the construction of this type of infrastructure. However, demographic factors are a serious limitation for the development of this type of infrastructure – the growing population means an increase in the demand for potable water (both for people as well as for the food sector). In addition, environmental risks associated with global warming may also have a negative impact on water supply. International environment is disadvantageous to the development of hydro plants. The Indus Water Treaty, signed with India in 1960, does not match the new challenges posed by both the growing population and the development of hydropower. Therefore, competition in the management of shrinking water resources may lead to an escalation of the conflict between India and Pakistan, lasting over 70 years. An important role for the dynamics of international relations in South Asia, also in the energy and water dimension, has and will have a policy of the People's Republic of China, which is focused on close cooperation with Pakistan, which is considered by India as a thread.
Inequality of opportunity – gender bias in education in Pakistan
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Tusińska, Magdalena
The subject matter of the paper is inequality of opportunity (IO). Contemporarily, as part of IO, gender bias in education is most likely to be a constraint for growth and development in developing countries. The focus is on gender bias in education in Pakistan, which is a widely discussed problem thanks to the Nobel Prize laureate Malali Yousufzai. The goal is to present the premise and potential consequences of unequal access to education for Pakistanis, and to bring the specifics of the country into clearer focus. The thesis is that gender bias in education in Pakistan is determined by various and deeply rooted factors that place equal access to education in the realm of a distant goal, hampering the growth and development of the economy. The research methods used were a critique of the literature, analysis of statistical data, documents and online sources as well as elements of case study. Plans concerning education have been sketched in SDG-4 and in the document “Pakistan 2025”, but despite some improvements, Pakistan is still a country where one’s future depends on whether one is male or female. A lack of access to education for girls is part of a broader landscape of gender and spatial inequality. The findings suggest that the main circumstances for the exclusion of girls from education are culture, poverty and the state. If recommendations for these areas are not implemented, gender bias will remain one of the barriers to the growth and development of Pakistan.