Przeglądanie według Autor "Rao, Rajath"

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Anemia – a scourge to maternal and child development in Bihar, India
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-06) Nirala, Santosh Kumar; Rao, Rajath; Naik, Bijaya Nanda; Patil, Shreyas; Verma, Manisha; Singh, CM; Pandey, Sanjay
Introduction and aim. Anemia remains a leading contributor to years lived with disability (YLDs), being responsible for 50.3 million (5.82%) YLDs worldwide and 19.3 million (12.03%) YLDs in India, respectively. Results of the National Family Health Survey 2019-2021 (NFHS-5) suggest a high burden of anemia in India among women of reproductive age and children aged 6-59 months at the national level (57%, 67.1%), and in the state of Bihar, India (63.5%, 69.4%). Iron deficiency is the leading cause, accounting for more than half the cases. Anemia bodes harmful implications for both the mother and child, with long-lasting consequences for the latter. Anemia control programs have yielded little benefit despite efforts stretching over five decades. This narrative review aims to highlight the burden of anemia and the probable factors behind it among under-5 children and women of reproductive age in the Indian state of Bihar. Material and methods. The paper is a narrative review. The following databases were used to search and select literature: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. In addition, the websites of relevant government departments and national health programs were searched for pertinent material. Analysis of the literature. A multitude of reasons seem to be behind the unabated high prevalence in Bihar: low socioeconomic status, gender disparities, traditional customs and practices, food insecurity, lack of diverse diets, poor consumption, and no adherence to iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements, groundwater contamination with arsenic and fluoride, and supply chain mismanagement, all playing roles of varying degree. Conclusion. An all-encompassing approach and not merely the provision of IFA supplements are necessary to unravel the intricate web of factors that lead to anemia.
Are our sub-centers prepared enough to tackle high-risk pregnancies? A cross-sectional survey from Southern Rajasthan, India
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-09) Paliwal, Bharti; Sharma, Rupa; Rao, Rajath
Introduction and aim. Sub-centers (SC) are the first contact point with the community with auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) as the instrument, delivering all the primary health care services. The SCs are under constant criticism for their inability to deliver quality services. This study assessed the preparation of facilities available at the SC to manage high-risk pregnancies (HRP) and to compare the same between rural and tribal blocks of the selected district. Material and methods. This health facility-based cross-sectional observational study was done for 6 months among 276 rural and tribal SC of the Udaipur district by a two-stage random sampling method using an observational checklist to assess the infrastructure and logistics of SCs. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results. The study covered 264 (95.7%) non-24x7 SCs and 12 (4.3%) 24x7 SCs. Only one-third SCs, 93 (33.6%) were situated at the center of the village. Only 151 (54.7%) SCs had attached ANM quarters. All 24x7 SCs and 78.4% of non-24x7 SCs had adequate equipment and infrastructure. Conclusion. Most of the subcentres’ infrastructure and functional equipment was equipped to tackle HRP. Rural SC adhered more than tribal. Most HRPs were tracked and referred to higher centers. Unless we emphasize strengthening SCs, the dream of a healthy nation will remain obscure.
Clinico-epidemiological and vaccination profile of patients attending flu clinic of a tertiary health care institution in Eastern India during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2022-12) Singh, CM; Chaudhary, Neha; Naik, Bijaya Nanda; Rao, Rajath; Pandey, Sanjay; Kumar Nirala, Santosh ; Ranjan, Alok; Prasad, Santosh
Introduction and aim. With the third wave of COVID-19 hitting the country, there is an urgent need to systematically document the clinical-epidemiological and vaccination details of the patients to formulate evidence-based decisions. So, this study was planned to describe the profile of patients attending the flu clinic of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Material and methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was done for 6 weeks (Jan-Feb 2022) among 623 patients using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire related to COVID-19. An unadjusted odds ratio was calculated and statistical significance was attributed to a p-value <0.05. Results. Out of 623 patients, almost 90% of the patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 with at least one dose of any vaccine. Cough (57.8%) was the most common complaint. Patients aged > 60 years and those having one or more than one comorbidity suffered from moderate-severe COVID-19 infection when compared to their counterparts (p<0.001). Also, 2.1% of fully vaccinated, 3.8% of one dose vaccinated and 10.9% of unvaccinated patients suffered from moderate-severe COVID-19. Conclusion. During the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a smaller number of elderlies compared to the previous two waves were affected indicating age shifting. The severity of COVID-19 was less among vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated highlighting the importance of COVID-19 vaccination.
Risk and associates of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among undergraduate university students – a Pan-India cross-sectional study
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2022-12) Biswas, Ratnadeep; Joshi, Rishabh; Rao, Rajath; Rajan, Ratnesh; Gaur, Rituj; Rangnath; Sahoo, Saikrishna
Introduction and aim. Substance abuse and its associated problems are a global concern. Young adults, particularly college- going students, remain among the highest at-risk groups for various substance use disorders. So, this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of substance use and its correlates among undergraduate (UG) university students. Material and methods. We did an online cross-sectional survey among 1003 undergraduate university students across India using a pre-structured, self-reported questionnaire consisting of basic demographic details, standard tool (WHO-ASSIST), and the results were tabulated. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the correlates of substance use and Pearson correlation to find a correlation between ASSIST scores. Significance was attributed to a p-value <0.05. Results. A total of 320 (31.9%), 167 (16.7%), and 125 (12.5%) among 1003 students used alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis respectively. 70 (21.9%), 116 (69.5%), and 62 (49.6%) were at moderate-high risk of abuse for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis respectively. There was a strong positive statistically significant (p<0.001) correlation between all three substance-specific scores (Pearson’s Coefficients r = 0.643, 0.763, and 0.725 respectively). Conclusion. One, two, and three out of every ten students used cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol respectively. Many of them fall into the moderate-high risk category. The data suggest that a student at high risk for any one substance is also at a higher risk of using another substance as well. This calls for an integrated ‘bundle’ approach to focus on all substances together as one unit.