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    Podstawy prawne organizacji i działania organów nadzoru administracji oświatowej w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Leniart, Ewa
    Artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie systemu nadzoru nad edukacją w Polsce po odzyskaniu niepodległości w 1918 r. Przed organami państwa stanęło bowiem wyzwanie ujednolicenia kształtu edukacji na terenach dawnych dzielnic zaborczych. Kluczem do osiągnięcia tego celu było stworzenie sprawnie działającego i posiadającego skuteczne narzędzia aparatu nadzoru. W tym celu powołano okręgowych kuratorów oświaty podległych Ministrowi Wyznań i Oświecenia Publicznego. Urząd ten został wyposażany w liczne uprawnienia nadzorcze, dzięki czemu osiągnięcie założonego celu w krótkim czasie stało się możliwe. Tymi zasadniczymi celami było ujednolicenie systemu edukacji i zapewnienie wysokiego poziomu nauczania.
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    Usiłowanie zmiany ustroju państwa oraz usiłowanie usunięcia organów władzy jako zbrodnie stanu. Zarys problemu
    (2015-09-14) Leniart, Ewa
    This paper is a trial to analyze the shaping process of crimes of attempt to change the political system of the State and of attempt to change State authority agencies throughout centuries. These crimes, included among high treasons, have undergone evolution, both in respect of legal interpretation (subsumption of specific facts under the binding legal regulations) and judicial decisions, but also in respect to their meaning for power consolidation in the State. A specific expression of such an evolution was recognition of crimes of attempt to change the political system of the State and of attempt to change State authority agencies, regulated by Art. 86 of the criminal code of the Polish Army from 1944, following the Soviet law, as counterrevolutionary crimes. It was a new concept, alien to the Polish legal system, which in the period of communism enabled using regulations of criminal law to introduce and then to consolidate their power in Poland. Recognition as counterrevolutionary crime of an action whose origin were specific, political reasons that were unwelcome by the authorities, had a decisive influence upon qualification of human acts as unlawful acts that were high treasons. Quite independent of the political system, there are some legal regulations sanctioning responsibility for acts aimed at state authority agencies and the political system of the state. The science of law has elaborated in this respect some legal regulations that are uniform in all democratic countries. As it is shown by the history of criminal law, abuses in applications of regulations sanctioning criminal responsibility in connection with committing crimes of high treason may originate from misinterpretation of legal regulations and latitude in giving sentences in criminal proceedings, which took place on a large scale in Poland from 1944 to 1956.
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    ZBRODNIE STANU W INTERPRETACJI PROKURATORA WOJSKOWEGO MAKSYMILIANA LITYŃSKIEGO JAKO PRZYKŁAD ODRZUCENIA OSIĄGNIĘĆ II RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ W TYM ZAKRESIE
    (2015-10-16) Leniart, Ewa
    Maksymilian Litynski was attorney at law, who developed career after year in communist 1944 justice military. Among others, there was deputy of leading public prosecutor in biggest period of communist terror military. It postulated interpretation of regulation about crimes of states Maksymilian Litynski, which ran away from jurisdiction and sciences of crown laws from period II polish republic. It recognized Litynski, that all actions are crimes of states, which can present threat for political structure, social and polish people's republic economic. He expanded catalog of crime of state in consequence regard, that such actions were these crimes also as promulgation of hostile propaganda, participation in delinquent associations, but it defends property in some cases without required law of permission it also and broadcasting receivers. No doubt, boost of protection was achieved polish people's republic due to taking advantage for it purpose of such interpretation of crime of state instruments, which gave regulations of crown laws.