Przeglądanie według Autor "Haddawi, Krarr Haider"

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Evaluation of hormonal and adipokine biomarkers in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome – a case-control study
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Alredha, Redha Dawud Abd; Haddawi, Krarr Haider; Al-Hayali, Wisal Raoof; Yaseen, Bushra Raouf
Introduction and aim. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder that significantly affects women of reproductive ages. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of hormonal biomarkers such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total and free testosterone, ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, and adipokines, including visfatin and kisspeptin, in distinguishing PCOS patients from healthy controls. Material and methods. In this case-control study, 50 women diagnosed with PCOS were compared with 50 controls of the same age. Demographic and clinical data were collected through structured interviews and physical examinations. Physical activity levels was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form as well as anthropometric measurements were performed using a calibrated digital scale Seca 803. Blood samples were analyzed for AMH, total and free testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, visfatin, and kisspeptin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. PCOS patients exhibited significantly higher levels of AMH (8.1±2.3 ng/mL vs. 4.07±1.1 ng/mL, p<0.001), Free testosterone (4.55±0.95 pg/mL vs. 2.47±0.46 pg/mL, p<0.001), visfatin (86.6±11.02 ng/mL vs. 49.53±10.25 ng/mL, p<0.001), and kisspeptin (9.88±1.96 ng/mL vs. 4.84±1.07 ng/mL, p<0.001) compared to controls. Logistic regression showed that elevated levels of AMH (odds ratio [OR]=2.95, p=0.0056), visfatin (OR=1.7, p=0.0043) and kisspeptin (OR=18.3, p=0.0015) were strongly associated with PCOS. Conclusion. These findings confirmed the significant role of AMH, testosterone, visfatin, and kisspeptin in the diagnosis of PCOS. Integration of adipokine markers, particularly visfatin and kisspeptin, with traditional hormonal markers enhances diagnostic accuracy.
Plasma KIM-1 and interleukin-18 are superior biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying risk in type 1 acute cardiorenal syndrome
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Alredha, Redha Dawud Abd; Farman, Hassan Ali; Haddawi, Krarr Haider
Introduction and aim. Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a condition in which acute cardiac dysfunction leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels in acute CRS compared to acute heart failure (AHF) and healthy controls. Material and methods. A case-control study was conducted with 90 participants divided into three groups: control (n=30), AHF (n=30), and acute CRS (n=30). Renal function parameters (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate) and plasma biomarkers (KIM-1, IL-18) were measured. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of disease outcomes. Results. Plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the acute CRS group than in the AHF and control groups. KIM-1 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (the area under the curve (AUC)=1.000) with 100% sensitivity and specificity, while IL-18 also performed well (AUC=0.96, sensitivity=96%, specificity=97%). ROC analysis identified plasma KIM-1 and IL-18 cut-off values of >72.78 pg/mL and >254.8 pg/mL, respectively, which may be used as thresholds for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma KIM-1 was a significant predictor of adverse outcomes (OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.50–8.49, p=0.003), while IL-18 also contributed to risk stratification (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.125, p=0.03). These adverse outcomes included progression to kidney disease. However, these findings require validation in an independent cohort to confirm reproducibility and generalizability. Conclusion. KIM-1 and IL-18 are highly effective biomarkers for diagnosing and stratifying the risk of acute CRS, outperforming traditional markers of renal function. Their clinical integration could enable early detection and personalized treatment, thus improving patient outcomes. However, more studies with larger cohorts, serial measurements, and independent validation are warranted.