Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego T. 43(2022)
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- PozycjaContribution to the determination of the chronology of the Brînzeni local group of Trypolye culture(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Karski, KamilThe author focuses on the chronology of the Brînzeni (Brynzen) group of the Tripolye culture in the context of the radiocarbon dates obtained from two settlements sites in Moldova - Văratic Holm i Brînzeni XI (IX). Thanks to the conducted analyzes and the results of the latest research, it is possible to place the discussed results in a wider context, including materials in relation to the inner-Trypolye context and contacts with other communities in Central and Eastern Europe.
- Pozycja„Die eine aus dem Westen, die andere aus dem Süden“. Eine kleine Studie zu Fibeln in der Vekerzug-Kultur(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Anita KozubováThis study deals with the finds of fibulae from the Hallstatt period sites of the Vekerzug culture from Eastern Hungary and Southern Slovakia. The majority of the fibulae come from graves, the rest are either stray or settlement finds. Providing a more complex overview of the fibulae was at the centre of our interest, focused mainly on a cultural and spatial analysis, their possible relation to the specific gender or age category of the burial individuals and on possible importance of the fibulae for the costumes of the Vekerzug culture. Two main origin groups of the fibulae were identified, namely the fibulae of the Hallstatt type and the fibulae of Balkan origin. The fibulae were predominantly found in the graves of adult females. Their costumes do not differ from the female costumes of the Vekerzug culture without fibulae.
- PozycjaDokument Patriarchy akwilejskiego Poppona z roku 1031, jego kontekst historyczny oraz problem osadnictwa słowiańskiego w północno-wschodniej Italii w średniowieczu(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Piotrowski, MarcinThe article concerns the document of the Patriarch of Aquileia Poppo from 1031, which mentions, among other things, a place called villa Sclavorum (Villa of the Slavs). The Latin content of the document was quoted with a translation into Polish. In addition to the characteristics and translation of the document, it is presented in a historical context and against the background of the Slavic settlement in north-eastern Italy in the Middle Ages.
- PozycjaKoniec „łużyckiego świata”(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Czopek, SylwesterThe article is devoted to the disappearance of the Lusatian cultural circle, also traditionally called the Lusatian culture or, in more recent literature, the Lusatian urnfields. At the beginning, terminological issues are clarified and views on the disappearance of this cultural unit, which played an important role in Central Europe in the middle of the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, are presented. The main analytical part focuses on four regions within today’s borders of Poland – north-western, north-eastern, south-western and south-eastern. This is due to the sharply outlined foreign cultural features that are particularly sharp in these regions. This applies to the infiltration of the Jastorf culture (and earlier Nordic influences), the Baltic circle, the Hallstatt cultural complex and the Eastern European nomadic world. They are the aftermath of migration movements of varying intensity and chronology, but always within the early Iron Age (9th/8th–5th centuries BC). Signs of the structural crisis of the local Lusatian communities, which are very fragmented and do not constitute a cultural monolith, are also important for the considerations undertaken. The issue of changes in the natural environment on the border of the subboreal and subatlantic periods is also considered.
- PozycjaLightweight dwellings of the Funnel Beaker Culture from Vynnyky-Lysivka (Western Ukraine) and the phase CII of the Tripolye Culture from Gordinești II-Stînca goală (Northern Moldova) as examples of houses from the late 4 th Millennium BC(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Rybicka, Małgorzata; Hawinskyj, Andryi; Król, DariuszThe paper presents the issue of house constructions from the second half of the 4 th millennium BC in western Ukraine and northern Moldova. While numerous reports concerning the dwellings of the Funnel Beaker Culture from the area east of the Bug River has been published, these accounts did not provide enough information to precisely assess their construction details. The first such structure whose features can be described in detail is the house from the site Lysivka in Vynnyky. The construction of the dwelling was lightweight, analogous to residential structures from the eastern group of the Funnel Beaker Culture. Another debatable topic was the characteristics of houses of the Gordinești group of the Tripolye Culture. Archaeological research at the site of Gordinești II-Stînca goală proved that communities of the late stage of this culture lived in lightweight houses that were built using clay. Neither the residential structures from the Vynnyky-Lysivka site, nor those from the site of Gordineşti II-Stînca goală, should be regarded as analogy to the classical “ploshchadkas” of the Tripolye Culture.
- PozycjaMateriały krzemieniarskie ze stanowiska Wysoka 1, pow. łańcucki (badania 1995)(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Pelisiak, AndrzejThis study contains information about flint materials discovered at the site 1 in Wysoka, Łańcut commune. This inventory consists of 57 items. Most of them were discovered in the context of features of the Mierzanowice culture. They are made mainly of Świeciechów flint, and they are of typical Early Bronze Age flintwork nature (half-products of bifacial axes, backed blade knife). In addition, not numerous Neolithic artefacts of the Malice culture were discovered there.
- PozycjaNowe znalezisko nagolennika brązowego z terenu Lubelszczyzny(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Kłosińska, Elżbieta MałgorzataA brown shin guard was recently discovered in a bend of the Tyśmienica River. The ornament was probably made in the Mazowsze-Podlasie center of bronze production. It can be dated to the younger section of the Early Iron Age – HaD.
- PozycjaOsada z epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza na stanowisku Tarnobrzeg 5(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Rajpold, WojciechArchaeological research at the site Tarnobrzeg 5 site was carried out by Jan Gurba and Marek Florek in 1992, uncovering settlement materials of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture (TLC) and the Trzciniec culture (TC). The latter were not very numerous and representative, so they did not give grounds for a specific determination of the chronology. Undoubtedly, the most interesting artefact was a bronze sickle with a knob, referring to the III and IV period of the Bronze Age. The TLC materials, which almost entirely can be referred to the III phase of its development, turned out to be crucial for determining the chronology of the site. In terms of pottery forms, the most numerous were egg-shaped pots with holes under the edge of the rim, finger hollows and plastic strips. An interesting form was also a bowl on an empty leg. Both egg-shaped pots and a bowl with an empty leg may be evidence of Eastern cultural influences. It is also worth noting two fragmentarily preserved vases, which – as it seems – can be dated to the turn of the II and III phases of the TLC, which would indicate the existence of chronologically older material. Bronze and iron tweezers have also been recorded here, which may document the dissemination of iron.
- PozycjaSiekierka brązowa z Falejówki(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Blajer, Wojciech; Kotowicz, Piotr; Garbacz-Klempka, Aldona; Jurecki, PiotrThe article is devoted to the find of a bronze socketed axe discovered in 2013 in Falejówka (Sanok district). The find was made on the top of Mount Wroczeń, several meters from the hoard of bronze items (Falejówka, hoard II), dated to HaA1. This artefact belongs to the so-called “beaked” or “horned” axes, but none of the numerous specimens of this type is an exact equivalent of the discussed find. Stylistic features – primarily the characteristic trident motif decorating it, which occurs on axes discovered mainly in today's Hungary – allow the item from Falejówka to be dated HaA1-HaB1. The quality of the casting proves that the axe was made with good knowledge of the mould technology and the processes of smelting and pouring the liquid alloy, using bronze with a low tin content. As for its composition, metals derived from sulphide ores, mainly antimony, have also been identified.
- PozycjaThe size and structure of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture population(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Czopek, Sylwester; Trybała-Zawiślak, KatarzynaTarnobrzeg Lusatian culture is a cultural unit distinguished in south-eastern Poland, spanning from the middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age (and thus roughly from the 14 th /13 th to the 5 th /4 th century BC). One of its most characteristic features are large crematory cemeteries (the largest consisting of more than a thousand tombs), utilized for many centuries. For many of them, apart from standard archaeological information, we also possess anthropological analysis, perfect for demographic considerations. One can specify the size and structure of the population which used the cemetery, as well as study the dynamics of changes in the course of a long period of burying the dead in the same place. Such an analysis in the form of social microstructure research is the basis of inference at a higher level, including mesoregions settlement, characterized by a network of co-occurring cemeteries and accompanying settlements. The sum of these observations, in turn, allows us to estimate the number of people living in the territory assigned to Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. At each level of inference in terms of population size, a crucial role is played by possibly the most accurate and precise estimation of time of cemetery usage or the presence of settlements in the analyzed region.
- PozycjaWielokulturowe stanowisko w Wysokiej, stan. 1, pow. łańcucki – wyniki badań sondażowych z 1995 roku (analiza obiektów nieruchomych i źródeł ceramicznych)(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Adamik-Proksa, JoannaThe aim of the article is to present and analyse immovable finds and ceramic materials of the Mierzanowice, Trzicniec and Tarnobrzeg Lusatian cultures collected from site No. 1 in Wysoka, coming from trial excavations carried out in 1995. The uncovered ceramics indicate typical characteristics of the late phase of the Mierzanowice culture, the classical stage of development of the Trzciniec culture and the oldest phase of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. Research results in Wysoka, site 1 has also provided very important data on the specificity of settlement in the area of the Rzeszów Foothills.
- PozycjaWojna na słowa z polityką i historią w tle – językowe aspekty słynnego sporu o Słowian(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Jachym, BarbaraThe article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of the polemics conducted in the press by Józef Kostrzewski and Bolko von Richthofen in the interwar period. The scientific subject – the ethnogenesis of the Slavs – turned into a sharp political polemic. The set of analysed texts is an example of a discourse – a tangle of texts, thematically related, standing with each other and with the discourse in a complex relationship. The texts refer to each other through numerous quotations, paraphrases, references in the text and footnotes. Their analysis provided information about the image of us – Poles (Slavs) vs. they – Germans (Germani), we – Polish scientists vs. they – German researchers existing then, as well as information on language strategies used to create a specific image of oneself and the opponent. Since the controversy was conducted in public, it also affected the public perception of the discussed issue, while the socio-historical reality of the time also had an impact on the course of the debate. The closer the Second World War approached, the more heated the dispute became, and the more scientists moved away from the scientific problem and entered into sharp political polemics.
- PozycjaЕнеолітичне поховання біля с. Колоколин у Верхньому Подністров’ї(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Позіховський, OлександрIn 1935, T. Sulimirski, in a grotto near the village of Kołokolin, examined two destroyed burials, which he referred to the third period of the Neolithic period in accordance with the contemporary periodization, and proposed separating a local group of the Lublin-Volyn culture. Currently, these burials are associated with the Lublin-Volyn culture. However, the analysis of the artefacts discovered indicates that they represent two different taxonomic units. One of them, containing an amphora, should be associated with the Lublin-Volyn culture, the others with the local group (phase) of the Pleszów-Modlnica Lengyel culture. This is confirmed by analogies both from settlements and burials of the aforementioned group (phase) from the Kraków region.