Tematy i Konteksty nr specjalny 1(2020)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/6047

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Notes about Czerniawski
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kisiel, Marian
The article constitutes a collection of notes related to the lesser known and rarely commented works by an émigré writer – Adam Czerniawski: his poems translated into English, short texts of literary criticism, short novels and his memoirs. Modern Polish prose is still frequently treated as a ciphertext, of interest only to a limited number of readers who revel in this labyrinth of thoughts. It may seem that at the end of the 20th century – a period so involved in the debate about the traditional understanding of literature – avant-garde variants of prose should be understandable for everyone or, at least, that literary criticism would assign them to the appropriate level in the hierarchy of modern forms. However, the situation turned out to be different. The prose model imposed by Positivism still remains predominant in the habits and tastes of both literary critics and readers, and only recently has this model been questioned. As a result, the short novels by Czerniawski have not yet been sufficiently analysed. Reminiscent of Gombrowicz, these texts can be seen as absolute stories. The feature of absoluteness is visible at all their levels: origin, narration, reading. Everything is possible, yet nothing is accidental or random. However, limiting these narratives to only avant-garde rules would, without a doubt, distort their sense. Czerniawski’s prose also uses the infinite potential of the grotesque, plays with its own language, thus making it into an undoubtedly philosophical Ding an sich. The prose was also written in order to face traditional sanctities such as, for instance, the incorrigible “Polishness” that glorifies old symbols and sees a divine influence in them. Finally, Czerniawski’s prose is based on the “common sense” that can be found in numerous amusing contexts of the surrounding world.
Jan Lechoń’s and Kazimierz Wierzyński’s Letters (Some Comments Based on the Critical Edition)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Dorosz, Beata
This paper presents the problems faced by an editor preparing a correspondence dialogue between Jan Lechoń and Kazimierz Wierzyński (237 letters, mainly handwritten, from the years 1941–1956) for a critical edition, such as: its completeness, dating, or the challenge of deciphering the manuscripts. The paper signals some of the appearing motifs and problems in the letters, making an initial attempt to interpret them in the context of both authors’ biographies, as well as historical events (especially the experience of emigration). Moreover, it contains seventeen short poetic pieces written by both poets (poems, epigrams and trifles) which may be found on the pages of those letters. They have been transcribed from the manuscripts and then edited, therefore appearing in print for the very first time in the Polish version of this article in 2011.
“This Emigrant Fate of His”: On Włodzimierz Odojewski’s Short Story Collection „…i poniosły konie"
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Dutka, Elżbieta
Włodzimierz Odojewski is one of the most famous émigré writers who still deals with the topic of emigration, even in his books published long after his both symbolic and real return to the homeland. Significant extension and dwelling on the said topic can be observed in the book „…i poniosły koine” […and the horses bolted]. The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of the short stories gathered in the volume (published in 2006) from the perspective of the biographical context, the rest of Odojewski’s writings, as well as his opinions on various aspects of exile. Such interpretation reveals a more existential and internalized dimension of emigration but also its universal meanings. Thus, emigration is considered to be a metaphor of human fate.
Vilnius’s "Comoedia" – Another Link in the History of the Avant-garde
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Szawerna-Dyrszka, Anna
The aim of the article is to discuss the magazine “Comoedia” dedicated to art and culture. From the start, “Comoedia” attracted contributions from eminent figures in letters and the arts. However, until now the monthly periodical has been described as a magazine devoted only to the theatre. The author of the article proves that “Comoedia” is “a missing link” in the chain of the Polish avant-garde movement in literature.
Loneliness over a Piece of Paper. Maria Dąbrowska as an Epistolographer
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Głębicka, Ewa
The article discusses Maria Dąbrowska’s vast correspondence, which complete, in a way, her „Dzienniki” [Journals] , constituting very valuable biographical material, so far published only in selected fragments. Among many of her sets of letters, the most interesting ones are those exchanged with her husband, Marian Dąbrowski, her partner, Stanisław Stempowski, and later on with his son, Jerzy, as well as with her very close friend and partner, Anna Kowalska. This article discusses the most important sets of letters from and to Dąbrowska, indicating their historical value and biographical significance.
The Oeuvre of Jan Alan Bardziński – a Dominican, Preacher and Translator
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Rusnak, Radosław
The article is devoted to little known and rarely appreciated late-Baroque Dominican Jan Alan Bardziński who was a keen preacher and translator of both secular and religious texts. Bardziński’s literary activity is strongly connected to his duties performed in the order as one of the main values he searches for in his texts is of a didactic nature. Simultaneously, he may certainly be perceived as an adapter of some ancient works which puts him among other 17th and 18th-century followers of the culture of Classicism. In the article we briefly discuss his works and provide the readers with their distinctive features. Moreover, we shall take into consideration Bardziński’s notes which allow us to define his goals and priorities and underline the moral values included in his works.
The Writings of Jakub Susza (Jacob Susha). A Page from the History of Uniate Literature in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th Century
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Pawlak, Wiesław
The article presents the writings of Jakub Susza (Jacob Susha, c. 1610– 1687), the Uniate bishop of Chełm 1652–1687. His most important works: the Latin biographies of Josaphat Kuntsevych (Cursus vitae et certamen martyrii b. Iosaphat Kuncevicii..., Rome 1665) and Meletius Smotrytsky (Saulus et Paulus Ruthenae Unionis sanguine beati Iosaphat transformatus sive Meletius Smotriscius..., Rome 1666) and the history of the revered icon of Our Lady of Chełm (Phoenix redivivus albo obraz starożytny chełmski Panny i Matki Przenajświętszej, Zamość 1646, Lvov 1653, Zamość 1694), all represent little-known literature written within the Uniate Church. Jakub Susza’s intellectual development, his education in Jesuit colleges in Braniewo, Pultusk and Olomouc, and the characteristic features of his works (the consistent use of Polish and Latin as literary languages, the use of western Latin and Polish literary models) contribute to his image as an example of latinisation and occidentalisation (which at that time meant polonisation) of higher Uniate clergy in the Commonwealth, though as a bishop he took care to preserve the religious identity of the Eastern church.
“I Did Not Know Then...” Two Autothematic Poems
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Pasterski, Janusz
The author discusses the autothematic motifs in the poems „Sitowie” by Julian Tuwim and „Przeciwne wiatry” by Tomasz Różycki. The author analyses both poems and compares the transformations of the autothematic motifs, emphasizing the connections with literary tradition and the dialogue of the poets’ artistic attitudes. In both literary works the key problem is the relation between words and things.
Melancholics on the Vistula River
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Piechota, Dariusz
The article discusses the theme of melancholy in Polish prose of the 21st century, using four contemporary novels – „Pokolenie Ikea” [The IKEA generation] (2012) by Piotr C., „Wszyscy jesteśmy hipsterami” [We are all hipsters] (2016) by Dariusz Radecki, „Melanżeria” [Melangery] (2011) by Anna Klara Majewska and „Za pięć rewolta” [Five minutes to a revolt] (2011) by Dawid Kain – as conspicuous examples of its presence. The author suggests that due to the increased pace of social and technological changes the generation of thirty-year-olds experiences a feeling of melancholy, formerly characteristic for elderly people and analyses the protagonists of the novels selected to present how they cope with a reality that does not fulfil them.
“The Last One Turns the Light off”. Polish Prose after the Year 2000 in the Context of EU Migration
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Nęcka, Agnieszka
This article focuses on the emigration/migration issue depicted in Polish literature written after the year 2000. The examples discussed prove that we are dealing with two variants in the depiction of emigrants’ experience. On the one hand, we can talk about a positive pattern where emigration is treated as an adventure, perceived as breaking free from the existing obligations and imposed rigours. On the other hand, one may find several negative patterns, in which emigration is a necessary evil. The author notices a clear gender difference in the presentation of the emigrant experience: male narratives tend to be more depressing, presenting the protagonists as degenerated and humiliated, while female authors drift towards “chick lit,” depicting their protagonists as developing professionally and emotionally.
Access Paths: On Popular Women’s Literature and Criticism
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Nowacki, Dariusz
Referring to critical statements that have appeared during the last few years, the author discusses ways of commenting on popular literature penned by female authors. One may distinguish five types of comments, 1) Appropriation (Aneksja), employed when a popular novel is included in the socially important literature referring to pressing and alarming problems (e.g. domestic violence). 2) Playing with convention (Gra z konwencją), based on pinpointing both grotesque and ironic elements and, above all, metaliterary signals in popular novels. 3) Adherence to tradition (Zgodnie z tradycją), best represented in the secondary literature, either through a poetologic approach (structural analyses) or approaches inspired by feminist criticism. 4) Exhortation to pay close attention (Dobrze się wschłuchać), focused on the approaches suggested by other fields, e.g. how popular women’s literature is read by sociologists. 5) Focus on emotions and excess (Emocje i zbytek), based on emotional and therapeutic research on the perception styles of popular literature. In this case, one focuses not on popular women’s fiction, but on the way it influences the readers’ emotions.
The Topos of Childhood in Modern Poetry (1939–1989)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Mielhorski, Robert
The paper problematises the literary image of childhood in poetry in relation to external historical and socio-political events. The material analysed covers Polish poetry from 1939 – 1989 (a clearly distinguished segment of the historical-literary process). The choice and ordering of the case studies results from the application of two research paradigms: (i) the paradigm concerned with autobiographical motifs, which refers to such topics of 20th century writings as exile (poetry of return by Łobodowski, Wierzyński etc.) immigration (nostalgic [pansentimentalism] and emotionally neutral motifs), Holocaust (motifs of fear, division between now and then, the role of imagination) and (ii) a generation-related paradigm, which allows us to follow the topos of childhood viewed from the perspective of history according to the order of generations entering Polish literature (from the 1920 Generation to the New Wave Groups) up to the succession of consecutive literary trends in the second half of the 20th century (e.g. soc-realism and soc-plans). Poetic texts concerning childhood in the light of history are viewed as records of “rites of passage” operating from the child’s phase of the pre-personalisation area – the child’s sense of being one with the world, experiencing the harmony of being – to the period of personalisation – when history leaves its mark on this period; characterised by the sense of one’s distinctiveness from reality, individual alienation, the need for rationalisation of one’s own existence and the existence of the surrounding reality. The role of history is to lead the child from the pre-personalistic period to the experience of personalisation.
Kresy (Polish Eastern Borderlands) in Polish Literature of 1918–2018. Significant Interpretative Perspectives
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Uliasz, Stanisław
The paper offers a comprehensive, synthetic account of the discourse on the subject of the Polish Eastern Borderland over the course of the last hundred years. It analyses the ways in which the understanding of the notion of Kresy and “borderland”, as well as the strategies for presenting the term, have changed, including attempts to replace this category with other terms. Furthermore, the paper characterises the dynamics concerning the transformations of situational contexts that emerged in the period of the Second Polish Republic, developed during World War II, after 1945 (in the country and abroad) and continuing from the 1980s and 1990s to the present. Significant interpretative perspectives include, among others, the trends in literary schools, the legends and myths of the Polish Eastern Borderland, the notion of the borderline of cultures, small homelands, and methodological phrases and breakthroughs (spatial turn, geopoetics, postcolonial criticism).
Centenarian “Weird Fiction” from Providence in Contemporary Poland. Translational Models and the Reception of Short Stories by Howard Phillips Lovecraft – the Case Study of “Dagon”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Luboń, Arkadiusz
The article discusses the conventional models and translation techniques, which are most common among the Polish translators of the weird fiction by Howard Phillips Lovecraft. The proposed classification of such models, aimed at either “popularisation,” “stereotypisation” or “revision” of Lovecraft’s short stories, presents the impact of extra-textual factors (vision of the writer, target group of readers, cultural and political influences) on the content, language and style of translated works by the American author. The comparative analysis takes into consideration one of the early short stories by Lovecraft, “Dagon” (1917), and its Polish versions by Arnold Mostowicz (1973), Robert Lipski (1994) and Maciej Płaza (2012).
A Creator’s Illness as a Source of Memory and Forgetting: Selected Examples
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Darska, Bernadetta
In the present article I examine autobiographical works in which writers reveal their illnesses. I am interested not so much in the description of a given ailment, but rather in the embroilment resulting from being ill and from the persistent conflict between memory and forgetting. Becoming aware of the illness turns out to be a critical point, forcing the writers to re-evaluate their own lives. Consequently, memory and forgetting assume a new status. I also attempt to juxtapose the universal nature of being ill and the intimacy of this experience; I point out the similarities and differences involved in dealing with illnesses, the common denominator of which seems to be the necessity of confronting the limits of memory and the expansiveness of forgetting.
Homo Holocaustus, or Autobiographical Female Experience of the Holocaust
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Żórawska-Janik, Natalia
The aim of this paper is to present the motif of the Shoah in female autobiographcial prose after the year 2000. The paper shows that, in recent years, more and more female authors in the second and third post-Holocaust generations have been recording their traumatic experience, and that the reason for it lies in the social stigmatization of Jewish people. It is stressed here that the issues of the Holocaust are part and parcel of a cultural taboo and – similarly to female written prose – they are frequently ignored or evaluated negatively. The Holocaust issues are tackled by contemporary young writers of Jewish descent who – contrary to the previous generation authors – have not experienced the mass murder of Jews; nevertheless, they feel its effects today. This paper proves that the research into trauma studies is not really conducted in Poland, and paying attention to a female viewpoint is very rare. The examples referred to in the paper of the autobiographical novels by Ewa Kuryluk, Agata Tuszyńska, Roma Ligocka and Magdalena Tulli demonstrate that this kind of writing is becoming more and more important within the literature focused on the Shoah. Compared to the autobiographical fiction by Marek Bieńczyk, Jan Tomasz Gross and Michał Głowiński, female Holocaust stories are distinguished by their authenticity, emotionality, intimacy and honesty of narration. The stories are devoid of any pathos, and they highlight the figure of a mother. Moreover, their confessions are based on the physical feeling of the legacy which has remained in their hearts and minds after the trauma that their loved ones had to experience. An attempt to describe prose post-Holocaust prose is made in comparison to Jewish literature in Poland, drawing the reader’s attention to the characteristic features of these issues compared to the autobiographical works by men.
The Problem of “Polishness” in the London Student Periodicals („Życie Akademickie" – „Kontynenty”)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Moczkodan, Rafał
Theis article presents the views and opinions expressed in two London periodicals published in the 1950s and 1960s by Polish students living in exile, namely „Życie Akademickie” and „Kontynenty”, focusing on the problem of preservation of “Polishness” among Polish emigrants of the younger generation. In the first part of the text, the views presented, include those of the members of the older generation of emigrants and refugees (e.g. Czesław Miłosz or Witold Gombrowicz), giving advice to the young, as well as of the young themselves (e.g. Wiktor Poznański or Wojciech Gniatczyński). The second part of the article refers to the notion of patriotism and the problem of national vices, which were also subject to a discussion which went on in the émigré press. The aim of the article is to illustrate the discrepancies between the attitudes of two – or even three – generations of Polish emigrants, concerning the issue of Polish national identity.
The Image of the United States in the Published Correspondence of Czesław Miłosz Written Between 1945 and 1950
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kołodziejczyk, Ewa
The article discusses the image of the United States depicted in Czesław Miłosz’s correspondence coming from the years 1945-1950. The author of the article refers to the circumstances that led the poet to taking up a job as a diplomat and analyses a variety of opinions on that decision circulating among both Polish and émigré writers. The letters discussed reflect the culture shock and the slow process of acclimatization that the poet went through; his way of perceiving and trying to understand America. The article also focuses on the role Miłosz played as a mediator between the Old and the New Worlds, translating American literature into Polish and trying to popularize Polish culture in the US.
The Novel as Third Space in the Struggle for One’s Own Place: Witold Gombrowicz’s Hidden Polemic with German Literature in „Pornografia”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Gall, Alfred
This paper deals with Gombrowicz’s novel „Pornografia” which can be interpreted as a third space where different literary discourses and philosophical concepts are interwoven. In this respect two German authors deserve special attention: Thomas Mann and Friedrich Nietzsche. It is the aim of this article to show to what extent Gombrowicz refers to the writings of these two authors in his attempt to establish himself as an important writer during his exile in Argentina. The novel „Pornografia” works in this respect as a sphere of interferences and a space of emerging hybridity, where Gombrowicz creates a special textuality consisting of hidden references to and even polemic with both Mann and Nietzsche. The notion of conflict is thus applicable in the description of Gombrowicz’s literary practice in this novel.
Contact and Conflict: Polish-Jewish Contact Zone
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia
The article suggests using the category of the contact zone adopted from postcolonial studies in research on borderland, which - in turn - allows researchers to describe the phenomenon of the frontier. According to Pratt, contact zone may be understood as the space of cooperation and competition, coexistence and antagonism, contact and conflict of groups. The aim of the article is to analyse the representations of borderland in Polish-Jewish prose of the 1930s (including the novels published in the mass-circulation press). We shall focus on the motives that stand behind the conflictive communication. It is worth noting that in the literary renditions, interactions between Poles and Jews easily transform into conflicts. Conflictive communication appears in various places (e.g. school, street, neighbourhood), forms (nicknames, arguments, pogrom cries) and functions (from initiating and escalating tensions to riots and murders). As a result, the contact zone transforms into a conflict zone.

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