Introduction. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become powerful human therapeutics in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Drugs based on mAbs are approved for the treatment of cardiovascular, respiratory, hematology, autoimmunology, and oncology diseases. Aim. To present the current state of knowledge about the application of mAbs in the therapy of various diseases such as cancer, autoimmune and Alzheimer’s diseases. Material and methods. We conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature from the following databases: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link. Results. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than 50 therapeutic mAbs which are applied in various clinical trials. Action of mAb are based on various mechanisms, including directly targeting the cells, modifying the host response, recognizing and degrading molecules as well as delivering cytotoxic moieties. Conclusion. Despite some limitations including side effects, and therapeutic challenges, monoclonal antibodies are an attractive option for the development of new therapies and molecular drug targets against a wide range of common diseases due to their specificity and flexibility. MAbs are considered as a great hope for medicine, and effective and safe drugs in the treatment of various diseases.