Studia Anglica Resoviensia T. 20 (2023)

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A study of adjacency pairs in the film “Ted”: the case of dispreferred seconds used for a humorous effect
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Pluszczyk, Adam
The purpose of the article is to concentrate on the identification of the linguistic features which are allegedly typical of the dispreferred second parts. There will be 12 instances to be analyzed where the adjacency pairs will include the dispreferred second parts. Moreover, the intention is to shed light on some positive aspects of the dispreferred second parts (dispreferred seconds) and attempt to demonstrate that in certain contexts the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts is justified or even necessary to achieve a special effect. In other words, the so called dispreferred seconds (second parts) will be analyzed from a different perspective - it will be demonstrated that the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts does not necessarily have to be perceived negatively. What is more, the presented utterances in the dispreferred second pair parts will even contribute to achieving a humorous effect. The purpose of the article is to concentrate on the identification of the linguistic features which are allegedly typical of the dispreferred second parts. There will be 12 instances to be analyzed where the adjacency pairs will include the dispreferred second parts. Moreover, the intention is to shed light on some positive aspects of the dispreferred second parts (dispreferred seconds) and attempt to demonstrate that in certain contexts the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts is justified or even necessary to achieve a special effect. In other words, the so called dispreferred seconds (second parts) will be analyzed from a different perspective - it will be demonstrated that the occurrence of the dispreferred second parts does not necessarily have to be perceived negatively. What is more, the presented utterances in the dispreferred second pair parts will even contribute to achieving a humorous effect.
Blurred lines or Word crimes? On cognitive linguistic contributions to the study of musical parody by ‘Weird Al’ Yankovic
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Milić, Goran
The paper argues for the multiple advantages of applying cognitive linguistic concepts and frameworks to the study of basic mechanisms and conceptual, pragmatic and social aspects of musical parody a as a polyvalent, flexible, multimodal phenomenon, understood both as a musical genre which revolves around replication or imitation of pre-existing music, and as a comedic statement utilizing the latter technique. Points of convergence, and important differences, between traditional concepts offered by the most influential linguistic theories of humour, viz. Raskin’s (1985) Semantic Script Theory of Humour and Attardo & Raskin’s (1991) General Theory of Verbal Humour, are addressed, with particular emphasis on how the status and treatment of concepts of incongruity and its resolution are accommodated within the interpretative frameworks of frame- shifting (Coulson, 2001) and Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002). Both emerge as useful heuristics offered within the cognitive linguistic paradigm and suggested as applicable to (multimodal) humour research. These are argued to encompass and cater for both the sequential and the (predominately) non-sequential aspects of incongruity resolution (Ritchie, 2009) underlying musical parodies as sources of humorous amusement. Further motivating factors for the development and appreciation of parodies as humorous stimuli, such as the role of (word) play and listener familiarity with the borrowed music are addressed by focusing on the description of the distinctive cognitive-cultural mechanisms and goals underlying the opus of a particular artist, ‘Weird Al’ Yankovic, by applying the abovementioned concepts and interpretative frameworks to the analysis of the techniques and goals behind his use of comedy music.
Boxing metaphors in political discourse: A quantitative corpus-based study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Wiliński, Jarosław
This paper utilizes the cognitive theory of metaphor and a corpus-based methodology to investigate the prevalent usage of metaphorical expressions derived from boxing terminology in the domain of politics. The objective is to identify and analyze the boxing metaphors that are commonly employed in political discourse. The findings of this study demonstrate the existence of boxing metaphors that exhibit strong or loose associations with the political domain. These metaphors possess distinct figurative meanings, originate from diverse metaphorical mappings, and serve multiple functions within the realm of political discourse.
CATing the Way: Polish Translators and Computer-Assisted Translation Tools
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Organ, Michał
This paper aims to establish a profile of Polish translators who apply CAT tools in their professional practice. The investigation identifies six primary categories, shedding light on the translators themselves, their experience, and interactions with specialised software. The first category delves into demographic data, analysing age groups and gender distribution among the users. The second category focuses on basic data encompassing the translators' experience with programs and their preferred foreign languages. The paper also explores the link between higher education and CAT tool proficiency, examining fields of study, educational institutions, specialised training, and opinions on the integration of this technology into academic curricula. In order to assess the non-academic aspects of learning and applying such software, it investigates the translators' engagement in training courses, certifications, and sources of qualifications improvement. Various methods for acquiring skills in CAT tools are also explored, such as online webinars and practical translation practice. The results reveal that the translators are rather experienced users of the software, they rely heavily on such programs, employing them in various types of translations, mostly non-literary texts. Translators perceive them positively, acknowledging their contribution to accelerating work processes and improving competitiveness in the translation market. The use of CAT tools is expected to increase, emphasising the need to incorporate these tools into translator training programs and adapt study plans to accommodate their further popularisation. The data was collected through an anonymous survey and provides insights into the preferences, habits, and perspectives of Polish translators using CAT tools. This paper serves as a foundation for further research and comparison with other translator groups, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the translator's profession in the context of translation technology utilisation.
Characterizing Legal Stylistics with a TXM textometric tool
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Popineau, Joelle
Textometry tools can be used to characterize specialized varieties of English, such as Legal English. Our goal is to use the TXM textometry tool (Heiden et al., 2010) on Sales and Purchase Agreements (SPAs) to show agreements are drafted following a rigid structure, either in their form and shape (macrostructure) or their content (microstructure). We assume that the choice of words (Weisberg, 2014), and the construction of sentences or paragraphs [in agreements] shape how agreements are written and comprise the deal, that is, what is being sold. We hypothesize that there exists legal stylistics based on structural features. We built a corpus comprising Sales and Purchase Agreements of different sizes and topics to which the TXM tool was applied: parts of speech tagging help single out structure, linking words, word variety, frequencies, and writing routines. All descriptive details resulting from our implementation build legal stylistics that thus helps legal professionals, translators, teachers or clients better understand and draft agreements.
Citation and Referencing Practices in Argumentative Essay Writing by Upper-Intermediate EFL Students
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Kapranov, Oleksandr
One of the critical skills that undergraduate students of English as a Foreign language (EFL) should master involves their ability to write an argumentative essay, which is adequately supported by credible sources, such as scientific articles, books, and online materials. Arguably, a successful argumentative essay reflects EFL students’ genre-appropriate citation practices that, according to Swales (1990), involve several discursive realisations of citation (for instance, integral, non-integral, etc.) in the text. The article presents a study whose aim is to learn about citation and referencing practices in a corpus of argumentative essays written by a group of undergraduate EFL students on the upper-intermediate level of EFL proficiency (henceforth – participants). Anchored in the theoretical framework developed by Swales (1986, 1990), the participants’ citation and referencing practices in the corpus were identified and quantified. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the participants preferred the non-integral type of citation, where the author/authors cited are mentioned at the end of the citation in the parentheses. The participants’ referencing practices were found to be dominated by books and book chapters published by a number of reputable domestic publishing houses.
Exploring the perception of politeness in relation to language attrition and interpersonal dynamics in an intercultural academic context
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Ezzaouya, Hanae; Ohashi, Iori
The present paper explores the intricacies of the perception of international doctoral students of politeness, linguistic choices, and language attrition, and their subsequent influence on intercultural academic relationships. The findings of this study provide an insight on the interplay between the perception of politeness and linguistic choices, a paramount determinant of successful academic communication. The data from this case study further shows that assimilation to the host country’s culture and linguistic nuances along with the length of academic breaks in the home country emerge as critical factors in second and first language attrition. The study underscores the imperative need for developing pragmatic competence and particularly ensuring its reinforcement through prolonged sustained exposure and productive language practice in both the nascent and advanced stages of second language acquisition in academic contexts where English is used as a lingua franca. As the environment of academic communication is becoming increasingly globalized, the results of this study emphasize the significance of effective communication and sustained pragmatic competencies in establishing effective academic networks, collaborations, and relationships in diverse intercultural settings.
Exploring the relationship between willingness to communicate and cultural capital in a language learning context - a qualitative investigation
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Trinder, Magdalena
The qualitative study is intended to determine if there is a potential relationship between willingness to communicate and cultural capital in young learners of English and whether it may be possible to assess levels of cultural capital and cultural participation in a quantitative fashion, which would then open the way for a broader range of studies that would allow for regressive analysis of the relationship between cultural capital and a broad range of individual differences to determine the extent to which this may be a key factor in language acquisition and learning. The qualitative investigation was conducted on five participants who were willing to give interviews during a language camp in the UK in the summer of 2022. All five of the participants scored highly on a WTC assessment scale and also showed confidence in communicating in a non-classroom environment. The tentative findings of the study would appear to indicate that there is a firm basis for further research on a quantitative scale in order to validate the basic hypothesis.
On the role of pauses – a qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected political speeches in the European Parliament
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Semaník Miklóssiová, Karin
This paper presents an analysis of speech pauses occurring in selected political speeches, with a focus on both filled and silent types. The paper aims to highlight differences among pause categories in spoken language and assess potential gender differences. By analyzing speeches from male and female speakers in specific syntactic contexts, the paper reveals limited variations in fundamental frequency and pause duration. While certain subcategories exhibit slight differences in frequency, consistent patterns are lacking. Findings indicate that filled, hesitation, politeness, and perturbation pauses tend to be longer, whereas specification and personal stance pauses tend to have lower frequencies. Enumeration, opposition, and segmenting pauses strategically support a speaker's point, aligned with sentence structure. Investigating fundamental frequency trends before pauses demonstrates that a decrease in frequency signifies unit culmination, while an increase suggests non-final positions within units. The paper concludes that disparities exist among pause types, though differences between male and female speakers are generally minor. This emphasizes the need to consider multiple factors, including duration, frequency, and syntactic context, for comprehensive pause definitions. Overall, the paper provides insight into speech pause attributes, variations, and their significance in conveying meaning, thus enriching our understanding of speech patterns and communication strategies.
The influence of emotional intelligence awareness on the teaching experiences of university teacher trainees: a quantitative and qualitative analysis
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Dick-Bursztyn, Marta
Educating prospective teachers is a complex and interdisciplinary effort, encompassing educational policies, core subject knowledge, and honing essential skills, attitudes, and behaviours necessary for effective classroom teaching. This study focuses on the initial stage of teacher development, exploring how pre-service university students perceive and understand emotional intelligence (EI) and its components, especially as they embark on internships in primary and secondary schools. The emotional dynamics in English language teaching classrooms, involving various emotions among students, teachers, parents, and colleagues are examined. The study underscores the importance of emotional expertise for both students and teachers in facilitating a productive teaching and learning process. A review of relevant literature reveals that while there is extensive research on emotions in teacher training, the emphasis has been primarily on general education, with limited focus on second-language teacher education. EI is seen as a critical factor in teachers' classroom management, pedagogical skills, and overall success within the profession. Additionally, studies on EI within English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher education are relatively scarce but indicate a significant impact on teaching outcomes. This research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate pre-service teachers' perceptions of EI. Quantitative data was collected through a survey questionnaire measuring participants' agreement with statements related to EI. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with selected pre-service teachers. The study involved 32 pre-service university students enrolled in English language teacher education programs about to begin internships at primary and secondary schools in Poland.
(Un)translatability of a text: a blessing in disguise? The case of Spanish, English and Polish
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Puchała-Ladzińska, Karolina
Untranslatability constitutes one of the controversial issues within the area of Translation Studies. Scholars frequently disagree as it its very existence, some of them claiming that certain linguistic effects simply cannot be translated into another language, while other asserting that all texts produced by man are translatable to a greater or lesser degree, irrespective of the linguistic means they apply. The purpose of this paper is, first of all, to illustrate the issue of potential untranslatability by presenting a Spanish text featuring a plethora of challenging linguistic effects, and then attempt to translate its fragments into two languages: English and Polish. The paper also discusses the problems encountered during the very translation process, as well as the solutions selected together with their justifications. All this is done with a view to concluding whether untranslatability exists indeed, or whether the challenging linguistic effects present in a text can be successfully reproduced in another language.
West Germanic diachronic constant: the case of negative constructions
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Horodilova, Tetiana
This paper explores the common path of the sentence negation practice in the Early West Germanic languages. The prior idea is to find out the general set of markers, which implement the negation pattern. Our assumption is that West Germanic languages, as it has been shown in many papers, contrast with East Germanic and North Germanic languages by ways of negation marking. Our aim is to define the status of the grammatical phenomenon in question within the suggested period. Having assumed that all West Germanic languages may share a similar sentence negation pattern, we laid a special emphasis on their structural characteristics. We also hypothesize that gradual changes of this period were occurring due to the general rearrangement of these language system, which incurred the elimination of the redundant elements. According to Jespersen’s cycle, all the languages under consideration faced multiple negation, i.e., the phenomenon of negative concord (NEG-concord). The latter implies the that preverbal negative particles have been removed from the negation pattern both due to their weakening and the rise of the new supportive element, which originated from the independent structural unit wiht ‘thing’. The rise of the supportive element in the Early West Germanic languages is considered to be a part of the Common Germanic NEG-concord pattern. This lexical-grammatical element turned out to be the one that allowed further eliminating the multiple negation practice in West Germanic languages.

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