Medical Review T. 14, z. 2 (2016)

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Assessment of a sitting position by means of a kyphotisation indicator in the professionally active people
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Gruca, Maria; Saulicz, Edward
Introduction. The development of modern technology has changed human lifestyle from active to passive (sitting). According to many authors, prolonged sitting is a risk factor for overextension and painful conditions of the spine. However, it seems that this relationship can only occur in conjunction with other factors. The aim of this study is to assess a sitting position using a kyphotisation indicator constructed by the author. Material and methods. The study included 372 people living and working professionally in the Silesian Voivodeship. The research program consisted of an interview survey and measurements the length of the spine projections, which provided the calculation of a kyphotisation indicator. Results. The conducted assessment showed that the examined people receive automatically a kyphotic sitting position and this postural habit is moved to a standing position. In addition, the study highlighted the 2 types of habitual sitting positions, one with a higher kyphotisation indicator and the other with a lower kyphotisation indicator, reflecting the “dynamic” sitting and searching a comfortable (antalgic) sitting position by the researched people. Conclusions. A kyphotic sitting position is a risk factor for overextension and painful conditions of the spine, and the kyphotisation indicator can be a useful tool for further clinimetric research regarding a sitting position.
Assessment of mobility, body balance and risk of fractures in the elderly
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Ćwirlej-Sozańska, Agnieszka; Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska, Anna; Wiśniowska, Agnieszka; Guzik, Agnieszka; Drużbicki, Mariusz; Sozański, Bernard
Introduction. In recent years, we have seen significant changes in the highly dynamic process of ageing amongst the population of Europe, leading to increasing life expectancy. Prolonging the life of the elderly, in which full independence and functional performance are maintained, is a challenge facing modern medicine. It is necessary to take actions to improve health and quality of life during old age. Purpose. The aim of this research is to assess the differences in mobility level and static/dynamic balance, as well as the risk of bone fractures between people aged 50 and 65 years and the elderly aged between 66 and 80 years. An analysis of the suitability of selected clinical tests is conducted to assess the above mentioned parameters. Material and methods. The study included a group of 200 randomly selected people living in Rzeszow, a city in southeastern Poland, who were aged between 50 and 80 years. All the results of the research, which ultimately involved 138 people – 103 women and 35 men – have been analysed. To assess the mobility and static/dynamic balance, the following clinical tests were used: Timed Up and Go, Functional Reach, Tandem Stance, Tandem Walk and Tandem 180° Pivot. For the assessment of fracture risk, the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) calculator was used, while the data were collected on the basis of direct interviews. Results. It was found that, with age, the frequency of dynamic balance, mobility disorders and the risk of bone fractures significantly increase. In a group of people aged 66 to 80 years, a decrease in the efficiency level of mobility and balance was observed in 30% of respondents on average, depending on the kind of functional test used (20-60%), in relation to people whose age did not exceed 65 years. Conclusions. It is necessary to take preventive actions, especially amongst a group of people aged over 65 years, in order to improve functional efficiency and balance, thereby reducing the risk of fractures.
Editorial
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Kwolek, Andrzej
Endurance training of the respiratory muscles –literature research
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Perenc, Lidia; Karczmarek-Borowska, Bożenna; Tymczak, Monika
Introduction. In 1976, Leith and Bradley proved that strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles in young healthy volunteers could be successfully trained using respiratory muscle endurance training. In 1992 Urs Boutellier and Christina Spengler’s cooperation resulted in the construction and distribution of SpiroTiger training device. Aim of the study. To analyze available data on monitoring and documenting changes after the respiratory muscles endurance training. Presentation of changes after specific training in the athletes, healthy and chronically ill individuals. Material and methods. Literature Research and the PubMed database analysis using the following keywords: respiratory muscles endurance training, normocapnic hyperventilation, SpiroTiger. Conclusions. Monitoring and documentation of changes in the lung and respiratory muscle function and endurance under the influence of the training can be conducted in a manner consistent with evidence-based medicine. Improved respiratory muscle endurance and ability to perform the effort was observed in the athletes, healthy adults and chronically ill patients under the influence of the training.
Excessive body mass and its correlation with hypertension – a review of the literature
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Wyszyńska, Justyna; Podgórska-Bednarz, Justyna; Mazur, Artur
Hypertension is a serious health issue both in Poland and worldwide. It has been demonstrated that hypertension diagnosed in childhood persists in adulthood. Therefore, knowledge of the risk factors, prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension are crucial due to its serious medical and social consequences. Early identification of risk factors for hypertension allows to implement targeted preventive actions leading to the modification of habits connected with lifestyle, which in turn may lead to a reduction in the incidence of the disease or reduce its effects. The aim of the paper is to characterize the relationship between the occurrence of excessive body mass and hypertension in adults and in children and adolescents. Material and methods. A review of Polish and foreign literature mainly from the last 10 years. The following databases were searched: PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Termedia, Polish Medical Bibliography.
Gait in patients with stroke-related hemiparesis and methods of gait assessment
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Guzik, Agnieszka; Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Walicka-Cupryś, Katarzyna
Cerebral stroke, a serious complication of cardiovascular system disorders, has become an important medical issue in contemporary societies. Gait disorders in patients after stroke constitute a serious clinical challenge - every year, more than ten thousand patients become seriously disabled as a result of stroke. Locomotor disability is one of stroke’s consequences. Patients with stroke-related hemiparesis often show gait disorders. Hemiparetic gait is characterized with a number of disorders, such as a considerable asymmetry of gait phase time, i.e. step length, or limb load – the healthy leg being overloaded. These disorders result in limiting patients’ everyday activity. Therefore, objective methods of gait analysis are currently being researched. Among gait assessment methods there are clinical, or observation methods – which consist of gait description as related to the normal gait patterns; as well as quantitative, or objective methods – which consist of measuring, description and analysis of chosen parameters of human gait. The aim of the study is to characterise gait in patients with stroke-related hemiparesis, as well as to discuss the methods of its assessment.
Gait velocity as a tool for evaluating the effects of gait training in patients with chronic stroke
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Guzik, Agnieszka; Drużbicki, Mariusz; Kwolek, Andrzej; Przysada, Grzegorz; Brzozowska-Magoń, Agnieszka
Background. Gait velocity is a simple but very essential parameter which may be applied as an indicator of functional efficiency. Gait of stroke patients is characterized by reduced speed. As a result, the patients have significantly limited functioning capabilities, including walking independently outside home. The study was designed to assess selected temporal gait parameters, including gait velocity, stride velocity and swing phase velocity in patients with chronic stroke following a rehabilitation program with the use treadmill. Material and method. The study was conducted in a group of 50 patients with hemiparesis in the late period after stroke. Temporal gait parameters such as: gait velocity, stride velocity and swing velocity were examined. Additionally, 10-metre walk test was measured. Results. While analyzing 10-metre walk test results it was shown that after rehabilitation gait velocity increased by an average of 0.15 m/s (p = 0.0000). Similar results were obtained in terms of gait velocity which had been assessed using a 3-dimensional gait analysis, the average gait velocity increased by 0,14m/s (p = 0.0000). Analyzing stride velocity, both the paretic and non-paretic side it was noted that after rehabilitation this particular parameter increased by an average of 0.05 m/s (p = 0.0019) and 0.06 m/s (p = 0.0052). Similar results were achieved in terms of swing velocity of the paretic side - p = 0.0017. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that rehabilitation program with the use of treadmill enabled significant improvement in gait velocity, stride velocity and swing phase velocity in patients with chronic stroke. Gait velocity is a practical and simple tool to be applied for monitoring of progress in rehabilitation and for assessing effects of gait re-education in patients with hemiplegia in a chronic stage after stroke.
Review of the book titled “Stimulation of the development of children suffering from difficulties in learning – new tendencies” by Celestyna Grzywniak, published by the Publishing House of the Pedagogical University in Cracow in the year 2015
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Sadowska, Ludwika
The prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children in the Subcarpatian region – a pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Weres, Aneta; Baran, Joanna; Łuszczki, Edyta; Dereń, Katarzyna; Mazur, Artur
Introduction. A severe epidemic of lifestyle diseases, including obesity, is now one of the biggest problems of modern medicine. This is a medical problem, social and economic. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of selected perinatal and environmental factors on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children located in the Subcarpathian region. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted in 2012, it included 200 children between the ages of 3 to 6 years (87 boys and 113 girls) from kindergartens. In children, weight loss was measured on an electronic balance and their height was also measured on medical scale. Obesity was determined on the basis of criteria developed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children was found in 3-year-olds (6.4%), 4-year-olds (11.3%), 5-year-olds (17.7%), and 6-year-olds (20.7%). Conclusions. Body weight and mother’s BMI are factors that significantly increase the risk of obesity among children aged 3–6. Additionally, in boys, a risk factor is also the birth body length.
The use of selected techniques of manual therapy in conservative treatment of primary dysmenorrhea
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Trybulec, Bartosz; Wyżycka, Emilia
Introduction. Dysmenorrhea is the main cause of school absence among adolescent girls and a common problem of woman in reproductive age. Also causes discomfort and significantly reduces the quality of life. The management of dysmenorrhea includes using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment. However there is relatively not much information about the effectiveness of conservative treatment. Aim. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of manual therapy techniques, such as deep transverse massage and specific segmental traction, in reducing the symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Material. The study involved 22 selected women with symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in medical history. Methods. Every woman qualified to the study underwent three treatment sessions which consisted of two meetings each. Deep transverse massage of paraspinal muscles of the lumbar spine and, in next step, specific traction of segments L1-S1 were performed. The participants after every next menstruation filled in a questionnaire about the pain experienced during bleeding and possible adverse effects. Results. After treatment pain intensity and its duration were noticed as decreased. The result was statistically significant (p < 0,05). No adverse effects were found in the study group. Conclusion. Manual techniques, like deep transverse massage of paraspinal muscles and specific traction of segments of the lumbar spine, reduce the severity and duration of pain among woman with dysmenorrhea.

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