Tematy i Konteksty 11(16) 2021

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/7160

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Anatomia epidemii. Intelektualna walka Grzegorza Piramowicza z zarazą ospy prawdziwej w kontekście wypowiedzi Woltera i Tissota
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Pawlata, Małgorzata
The subject of the article is the attempt to spread vaccinations against smallpox undertaken by the circle of intellectuals gathered around king Stanislav August Poniatowski. There are two aspects described in the article. Educating the society by publishing effects of work conducted by doctors in Western Europe based on observations of medicine in the Far and Middle East. The second aspect is popularizing healthy behaviours amongst the readers of magazines and newspapers in the Stanislaw August Poniatowaski Era namely encouragement to vaccinate. The article is concentrated on the analysis of writings by Grzegorz Piramowicz published in “Zabawy Przyjemne i Pożyteczne” (Pleasant and Useful Games)” inspired by the Voltaire’s letter “On smallpox vaccinating”.
„Asystował wybuchowi cholery” Autor i recenzenci o książce Lucjana Wolanowskiego „Klejnot Korony. Reporter w Hongkongu w czasach zarazy”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Rott, Dariusz
Lucjan Wolanowski (1920–2006) was an outstanding journalist, writer and traveler. Today, he is a forgotten author. In 1963, he published a short book titled “The Crown Jewel. Reporter in Hong-Kong in tmes of cholera”. Written during the epidemic of cholera in Hong-Kong where was staying, the book was a success and was translated into many foreign languages. It is a factual report on illnesses and suffering of Hong-Kong residents. The author combined his passion to explore, travel experience and observation skills with his great storytelling abilities and appreciation for details. His book inspired the modern trend of reports on tropical diseases in the Polish literature.
Biedermeierowskie świadectwo zarazy – „Granit” Adalberta Stiftera
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Mazur, Aneta
The following article is an introduction to the Adalbert Stifter’s short story entitled “Granite” in Polish translation. The article explains the political and cultural origin of the work, its poetical form, its ethical and philosophical meaning. The “Granite”, included in the short story collection (Colorful Stones, 1853) is considered to be an important declaration of Biedermeier movement in Austria, its aesthetic as well as its ethic tradition, manifest of which was so-called „Gentle Law” (das sanfte Gesetz), i.e. an ordered existence harmony and an unspectacular, daily practising the humanism in the personal, country and social life. In Stifter’s piece it concerns also an extraordinary case of the epidemic, which did plagued the Bohemian countryside in the 18th century. The story plot being based on local oral tradition, presents how adult’s and children’s characters react the hazards and challenges they must confront during the illness. Playing with several allusions (such as biblical, philosophical, scientific, legendary ones) the “Granite” concludes with two distinctive thesis: the only way to survive the plague is acting with human dignity and altruistically; the survive means an irrational and paradoxical experience. The „epidemic” motive – due to historical fact, at the same time the figure of a catastrophe, of a test, of an initiation into dark rules of history and nature as well – is sophisticatedly articulated, using different text construction, plot and narrative levels or implied meanings of the work (the titel motive of „granite”, a motive of volcanic catastrophe, plays a role in all of them). There is a kind of misterious interpretative ambiguity in Adalbert Stifter’s work till now – “Granite” is to understand as a Biedermeier idyll; as an evidence of author’s world view; as a documented case of the epidemic in Boccaccio style; as a parable about humanity at the crucial moment of the life; and, finally, as a short story masterpiece.
Chłodno i rzeczowo. Kazimierz Sarnecki o chorobach na dworze Jana III Sobieskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Ślęczka, Tomasz
This article addresses the question of illness, as discussed in the writings of Kazimierz Sarnecki, an envoy of Lithuanian Chancellor Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, residing at King Jan III Sobieski’s court. Sarnecki’s primary task was to take note of all happenings at King Sobieski’s court, focusing mainly on the king’s health, but including also other matters, some of them of little importance. Sarnecki regularly kept Radziwiłł up-to-date through diary entries sent together with a separate cover letter, usually of considerable length. In his diary, Sarnecki detailed the King’s state of health, starting each entry with a short description of what the King was doing and how he felt and only then proceeding to report on other events. Subsequently, he also included information on Queen Maria Kazimiera, the King’s sister Katarzyna Radziwiłłowa née Sobieska (mother of Karol Stanisław), the royal couple’s children (Jakub, Teresa Kunegunda, Aleksander and Konstanty), as well as other members of the court and visitors. He also noted down anecdotes, often loosely connected with medicine. When Kazimierz himself fell seriously ill, he did not seek his patron’s compassion, but assured that despite his illness, he would discharge his duties with the help of third parties, so that Radziwiłł’s interests would not be harmed. His notes are always written in a cold and terse tone, devoid of commentary and empathy. Even those passages which concern him personally are free of emotion.
Chorobotwórcza moc komet. O poszukiwaniu przyczyn morów w piśmiennictwie staropolskim
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Piskała, Magdalena
Rapidly spreading and ravaging diseases were not a rarity in Old Poland. The medical knowledge of the era could not properly explain the nature of infectious diseases and the mechanism of their spreading, so there were many different attempts at explaining their causes. Some suspected their enemies and infidels of poisoning air and water; others attributed pestilence to God’s wrath or to unfavourable configurations of heavenly bodies that were said to bring misfortune. The most devastating effects were attributed to comets; a comet’s appearance was seen either as a sign or as a cause of impending disasters, which, apart from pestilent air, included earthquakes, deaths of kings, wars, and tumults. Astrological explanation of the plagues proved to be very persistent and became a stock motif in the literature devoted to the subject, which, however, does not mean that it was accepted without criticism.
Czarna śmierć i lekcja życia – dwie odsłony
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Salwa, Piotr
The essay confronts two ways in which the Black Death motif is used in two 14-Century Italian collections of novellas. In Giovanni Boccaccio’s “Decameron” the pestilence means the crisis of civilized forms of collective life, the decay of social relations and moral disarray. The protagonists in a sublime way reconstruct various forms of “art de vivre” distancing themselves from the brutal reality. Giovanni Sercambi perceive the plague as a divine punishment that strikes the entire society for collective sins. The only way of salvation is a pilgrimage-penance, and later the acceptance of a new political regime, in which all the power belongs to a preposto, elected for life, and the citizens are interested only in their private affairs and respect of severe moral principles.
Dlaczego należy się bać? O uczuciach towarzyszących epidemii i zaleceniach w czasie jej trwania według „Przestrogi i lekarstwa na choroby z zarazy morowego powietrza pochodzące” Franciszka Ksawerego Ryszkowskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kocela, Weronika
The article analyzes the text of one of the many medical handbooks published in Poland in the second half of the 18th century. It concerns emotions and feelings accompanying a person during an epidemic, as well as problems and difficulties that he had to overcome. It also introduces the commonly functioning opinions of doctors about the plague and ways to fight it. The text should also be considered as an attempt to explain the reactions, behaviors and adopting specific attitudes – both of the sick and those managing the specific organization of social life during an epidemic.
Dzielnica, ale jaka? Kilka uwag o epitetach określających getto warszawskie
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Witkowska-Krych, Agnieszka
The text is an attempt of presenting and analyzing the linguistic landscape connected with describing and/or precising the features of the Warsaw Ghetto, i.e. Jewish closed residential area in Warsaw, created by the Germans in 1940 for more than four hundred thousand Jews. The most frequent phrase that was replacing the word „ghetto” was the formulation „Jewish residential district”, which was the direct translation of the German term „Jüdischer Wohnbezirk”, officially used to name this particular area. A collection of epithets that accompany the word „district”, found in the historical sources, both of Jewish and Polish origin, written during the war or many years after the war had ended, coming from various sematic fields, show the attitude of the speaker or writer to this new topographic solution, that not only divided the city, but also stigmatized and separated physically its inhabitants.
Emila Ciorana filozofia człowieka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Błaszczyk, Marek
The article presents a critical approach to “Podmiot w filozofii Emila Ciorana” by Mateusz Rura (Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2019). It discusses the main theses presented in the dissertation and invites to reflection on Cioran’s philosophy. The paper shows fundamental existential problems, such as self-consciousness, loneliness, suffering, despair, melancholy, suicide and fear of death.
Epidemie dalekie i bliskie: mór pod piramidami i w wiejskiej chacie w XVI wieku – Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Peregrynacyja do Ziemi Świętej…" i „Victoria deorum” Sebastiana Fabiana Klonowica – konwencje opisu na tle literatury klasycznej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kuran, Michał
The aim of the article is to present outlook specificity to the topic of epidemics process described in two works Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł’s “Peregrination to the Holy Land” and “Victoria deorum” of Sebastian Fabian Klonowic on the background of Thucydides, Lucretius, Ovid and Boccacio. As the contexts are summoned relations of Homer and Virgil. Elements creating convention are following: description of symptoms, treatment attempts, medics’ hopelessness, mass death of population, consequences of social stratification during the plague, an increase of religious worship or escape into hedonistic use of life, loosening moral principles, population migrations, families’ fall, lack of respect for bodies and mass burials. Radziwiłł describes, from a distant perspective, a several-year dynamics of the epidemic’s development largely omitting conventions, Klonowic focuses on its process among the poorer classes, only partially taking up well known plots. Referring to literary tradition, he introduces new ones.
Kafkowski tryptyk interpretacyjny: opowiadanie „Przemiana”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Moreno-Szypowska, Jadwiga Clea
The article presents the allegorical novella “The Metamorphosis” of Franz Kafka from a biblical perspective. The main character, Gregor Samsa, is compared to Job and Jesus, the New Adam, and his father to God. The images emerging in the text reveal their hidden meaning, which in a surprising way shows the connection with the “Holy Scriptures”, both with the “Old” and “New Testaments”, which may be surprising in the case of a Jewish writer from the Vltava River. The author uses Kafka’s other writings, including “Letter to His Father”, to demonstrate the autobiographical sources. Gregor Samsa–Franz Kafka sacrifices himself to the Father’s glory. The whole interpretation is inscribed in the philosophy of the Danish thinker – Søren Kierkegaard.
Kim był Bonawentura Pleciuch, autor wiersza „Prośba do Aniołów Stróżów, aby nas zachowali od gotycyzmu” (1822)?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Pluta, Paweł
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to determine the authorship of a poem entitled “A Plea to Guardian Angels to save us from gothicism” published in 1822 under the pseudonym of Bonawentura Pleciuch. In my analysis I propose a hypothesis that the poem’s satirical tone and the place of its publication, local periodical “Krakus”, allow us to link it with the name of Konstanty Majeranowski. I discuss Majeranowski’s literary activity, paying special attention to his feature columns entitled “A Philospohical Scrap”, all of which in high probability suggests his authorship of “A Plea to Guardian Angels…”.
Leprosus i księżna. Pielęgnacja zakaźnie chorych w świetle dokumentów z procesu kanonizacyjnego św. Elżbiety Węgierskiej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Puchalska-Dąbrowska, Bernadetta M.
The aim of the article is to present the image of the care of the infectiously ill in the documents of the canonization process of St. Elizabeth of Hungary (1207–1231). The material under discussion includes the testimonies of the saint’s spiritual director Conrad of Marburg, her four servants and additional hagiographical material. The accounts made by direct observers of the duchess’ life emphasize the variety of forms of her involvement in the care of lepers and suffering from diseases that cause similar symptoms, arousing disgust in people from her surroundings. The narrative, rich in drastic details, plays the role of a hagiographic argumentatio illustrating the heroism of the central character of the testimonies.
Literacka rama wydawnicza w edycji dzieła Malchera Piotrkowity pt. „Przeciw morowemu powietrzu przestroga”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Sitkowa, Anna
In the article, the research is devoted to the study of titling press, stemmat, an inscription letter and a preface to the reader, constituting the literary framework of the only work known today by Malcher Piotrkowita, Jan Kostka’s court physician, voivode of Sandomierz. A warning against miasmas, issued after January 5, 1579, has survived till today in a unique form, belonging to the collection of the National Museum in Krakow / The Princes Czartoryski Museum. Piotrkowita’s book has not yet become an object of detailed studies, although, according to the author, it was the first comprehensive guide for the time of the plague, written by a Pole in his national language.
Literackie obrazy epidemii o proweniencji szkolnej z XVII i XVIII wieku (wybrane zagadnienia)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Mieszek, Małgorzata
The subject of the article are literary images of the epidemic contained in works originating from the academic environment. Among the analysed texts are occasional works devoted to students who died due to the plague (a sermon by a Dominican, Michał Wojniłowicz; a poem in poem by a professor of the Krakow Academy – Paweł Zapartowic). They fit into the panegyric convention, but at the same time revealed the medical awareness of the time (symptoms of infection, hygienic and medical procedures conducted on the patient) and the personal involvement of the teachers. The second group of analysed texts consists of plays staged on the Piarist and Jesuit colleges’ stages. They are related to the cult of „the plague saints”. They also deal with the theme of plague as a form of punishment for sins that affects some antagonists. In some plays, personifications of natural disasters and epidemics are used. The article revealed that there were relatively few literary images of the plague related to the academic environment. The causes of epidemics and the methods of their prevention were much more often mentioned in handbooks and calendars, available to the general public. The community of students and teachers was rather active in the religious field, acting in associations and congregations, as well as participating in propitiatory services and processions.
Literatura staropolska wobec problemu zła. Uwagi wstępne
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Lasocińska, Estera
The article discusses the old Polish ways of explaining evil. The first part briefly presents the philosophical theories struggling with the problem of its existence and origin: Aristotelianism, Platonism, Stoicism and Epicureanism. It was found that the reception of these views can be traced in selected texts of the old Polish literature. Therefore, in the second and third parts of the article, appropriate analyses were carried out on the basis of the literary material provided by “Elegia IV 3” and the epigram “O żywocie ludzkim” (I 101) by Jan Kochanowski, as well as “Tobiasz wyzwolony” and “Adverbia moralia” by Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski. They focus primarily on the problem of suffering leading to the question of the essence of God, who, being the omnipotent Creator of the world, is also responsible for the presence of evil in it. Using the Epicurean theory of indifferent deities, Kochanowski presents, close to deism, the concept of the Creator acting for Himself and from heaven viewing His work with the Artist’s eye; Lubomirski, on the other hand, stands on the side of theism and assumes that God is the Creator of good, and that evil only allows the wise man to achieve perfection with His help.
Literatura wobec kryzysu epidemii
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Trościński, Grzegorz
This article was written as a preface to a thematic issue of „Tematy i Konteksty” entitled “Literature in the face of epidemic crisis”. It is the essay addressing the impact, which COVID-19 virus has had on contemporary man and the reality surrounding him. The author, in his deliberations, focused on many aspects of the pandemic: medical, sociological, philosophical, psychological and cultural. A very important element of the essay is an attempt of capture universal social-cultural mechanisms, which are distinctive to a time of pandemic. Another crucial issue addressed in this essay is tracing the cultural and literary paradigms, which are followed in both social and individual aspects of time of pandemic. The other essential matter which was looked into are people’s attitudes taken towards virus itself, other people and themselves.
„Ludzie bezdomni” Stefana Żeromskiego jako prefiguracja współczesnej powieści ekologicznej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Piechota, Dariusz
This article attempts to read Żeromski’s novel as a prefiguration of a contemporary ecological novel. The green reading of the writer’s work redirects readers’ attention towards non-human forms of life, introducing alternative optics for describing reality. The story of Tomasz Judym is tangled with the history of the natural world. While wandering around Paris, Warsaw, Cisy and Zagłębie, the protagonist notices the symptoms which prove the progressive degradation of the natural environment. As one of the few protagonists, he sees the destructive impact of industry on the natural environment. Judym is abandoning the anthropocentric perspective in favour of the biocentric one, making him more sensitive to the suffering of others, understood here as non-human inhabitants of the Earth. Nature is a self-regulating living organism, a powerful element whose contemplation can both delight and frighten. “Ludzie bezdomni” anticipates contemporary ecological thinking, which calls for rational use of earthly goods.
Metodologia śledztwa w poszukiwaniu biografii Jerzego Siewierskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kościelniak, Milena
The history of literature, like human memory, can be as selective as it is unreliable, which means that many authors of every epoch disappear into the darkness of oblivion. A researcher’s task is to restore the memory of those whose works he or she finds valuable or interesting enough to want to study. The present text deals with Jerzy Siewierski, a largely forgotten writer of post-war Poland and a silent co-founder of the flagship magazine “Współczesność,” in an attempt to reconstruct the biography of the Warsaw-based writer. This work on restoring Siewierski is carried out using methods close to those used by readers of detective novels – after all, the writer himself became famous for them in communist Poland. Thus, we study archival traces, i.e. the traces left by the author himself as well as those that were left by him without his will. Parallel to the archival research, witnesses so people who knew Siewierski and remember him, are being “interviewed”. What emerges from these interviews is a perverse, intelligent, and interesting figure, both significant and in the shadow of the great revolutions. Interestingly, certain elements of the writer’s self-creation allow us to look for subtle connotations with the father of the detective novel, Arthur Conan DoyleThese observations are all the more interesting and valuable for literary research because no comprehensive study of Jerzy Siewierski has been written before, and most information about him comes from the Siewierski family archives, conversations with his relatives, and memorabilia left by the writer.
Morowe powietrze w perspektywie uniwersalnej: Kronika, to jest historyja świata (1564) Marcina Bielskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Śnieżko, Dariusz
The article deals with the informations of pestilences in Chronicle that is the History of the Whole World (1564) by Marcin Bielski. The following issues have been taken under examination: ranges of pestilences, their causes, the ways of therapy, metaphors of infections, narrative forms of records and their modalities.

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