Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 7 (2012)

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http://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/219

The seventh volume of this periodical develops two trends seen in a number of earlier volumes of Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia. One trend is to focus on themes and this volume, entitled Archaeology in a town, a town in archaeology, addresses the archaeology of medieval and early modern towns. This theme originated at the conference “Towns of Lublin Land in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period. Problems and Research Perspectives“, which was held at MCSU in Lublin, 6–7 December 2007. Our volume presents this topic in a broader geographical context. The second trend is the attempt to reflect the problems of urban archaeology as a subject of interdisciplinary studies. The predominant archaeological perspective is complemented by articles reflecting on the theory of archaeology of “the second degree”, cultural anthropology, geography, history and urban planning. This volume also contains contributions celebrating the 80th birthday of eminent art historian Jadwiga Teodorowicz-Czerepińska, a researcher of urban planning and the urbanisation of Podkarpacie and Lublin areas.

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An interview of Jadwiga Teodorowicz-Czerepińska (J.T.Cz.) by Dr Jan Gurba (J.G.)
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Gurba, Jan
Archaeological examination of medieval towns in Bohemia (An overview by an archaeologist)
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Frolík, Jan
The article summarizes the results from the archaeological excavations in the town of high middle ages in central and eastern Bohemia. The group of excavated towns includes the important settlement agglomerations of early middle ages changed during high middle ages into royal towns (Čáslav and Chrudim) and the newly located royal towns (Polička and Skuteč) and the bishop’s town (Český Brod) and mining town (Kutná Hora) and small market-towns (Hrochův Týnec and Luže). The new pieces of knowledge about town fortifications and about the form and development of town houses and about everyday life were collected during rescue excavations made in last twenty years.
Building plots under the Old Theatre in Lublin: an example of late medieval and modern building development
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Tkaczyk, Jacek
Archaeological research carried out during renovation of the Old Theatre has uncovered traces of several half-timbered buildings dated to the 14th–15th centuries and of four townhouses dated to the 16th–17th centuries. The stratigraphic and spatial relationships have helped to distinguish six basic phases of building development. They have also provided a basis to determine the original layout of three plots demarcated after the city charter which were parcelled out and aggregated in the 16th–17th centuries and then merged into one before construction of the Old Theatre in the 19th century.
Das mittelalterliche Chełm im Lichte archäologischer Quellen
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Dzieńkowski, Tomasz
Long term interdisciplinary research in Chełm resulted reconstruction of the original arrangement of the plots in Chełm and its later transformation caused by an urban process of location. In the early medieval times Chełm was a Polish Russian borderland and it functioned as a capital city with a prince and bishop’s residence (royal since 1253), a borough and a residential and craft’s colony. Changes of spatial development of the town took place in 1392 but the town’s 13th century history and its multicultural character was respected and remained untouched.
Editorial
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Kadrow, Sławomir; Rozwałka, Andrzej
The seventh volume of this periodical develops two trends seen in a number of earlier volumes of Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia. One trend is to focus on themes and this volume, entitled Archaeology in a town, a town in archaeology, addresses the archaeology of medieval and early modern towns. This theme originated at the conference “Towns of Lublin Land in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period. Problems and Research Perspectives“, which was held at MCSU in Lublin, 6–7 December 2007. Our volume presents this topic in a broader geographical context. The second trend is the attempt to reflect the problems of urban archaeology as a subject of interdisciplinary studies. The predominant archaeological perspective is complemented by articles reflecting on the theory of archaeology of “the second degree”, cultural anthropology, geography, history and urban planning. This volume also contains contributions celebrating the 80th birthday of eminent art historian Jadwiga Teodorowicz-Czerepińska, a researcher of urban planning and the urbanisation of Podkarpacie and Lublin areas.
Franziskanerinnen im Stadtraum von Zamość im 17. Jh., im Lichte der archäologisch- historischkartographischen Forschungen
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Mazecki, Tomasz; Woźniak, Marta
Authors’ aimin this article is an interdisciplinary approach to localizing the first residence of the Franciscan sisters in the 17th century in Zamość. This work is based on unpublished analysis of archaeological and supervisory research, historical monographs and cartographic sources. A review of other publications concerning the same issue however from a more general point of view gives a reason for further critical considerations regarding the matter of localizing the original Franciscan sisters in the area of Ordynacja Zamoyska – a capital city of that times. An archaeological method was compared to the cartographic sources what resulted in providing especially significant pieces of information. The above mentioned issue in the history of Zamość has never been considered as a distinct field of any study.
Mrs Jadzia – that sounds proud!
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Michalska, Grażyna; Studziński, Jacek
(rec.) Alina Jaszewska (red.), Wicina. Katalog zabytków metalowych
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Malinowski, Tadeusz
Rudnik on the San: spatial arrangement and changes in town topography from the mid-sixteenth to late nineteenth century
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Florek, Marek
Rudnik on the San River is an example of one of the first private foundations of a town in Sandomierz Land, which was to become the administrative and economic centre of a small estate consisting of several villages and at the same time, due to its location by the Sandomierz – Przemyśl route and near the navigable San, it also took part in regional trade. The size and spatial arrangement of town reflected its needs in this context. Here we can see one of the first attempts in this area to apply the Renaissance concept of a private town combined with the owners seat. Full realization of this concept, as well as the development of the town in line with initial expectations, were hampered by frequent changes of ownership, their limited financial resources, competition from other private towns, and finally warfare in the second half of the seventeenth century with the consequent economic crisis.
The city as a “promise of ever new discoveries” in the context of re-socialized archaeology and through the prism of second degree archaeology
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Zalewska, Anna
This article sketches the complex phenomenon of the city and the diverse understanding of archaeological practice within the city, both in cognitive and social terms. Three ways of approaching the city are examined – as material and semiotic cognitive phenomenon (perceived as historical and archaeological source of knowledge about the past), as the composition of past and present social interactions (that could allow archaeology to construct an inter-subjective understanding of the importance of material meaning), and as a subject conducive to establishing ethical foundations for contemporaneous social practice that produces discourses about past social processes and present social values. Ways to connect these three domains are explored – through a reconsideration of archaeological entities and archaeological practice via theoretical propositions of: re-socialized archaeology, second degree archaeology and ethics of social consequences. The author argues that urban archaeology has great potential to become the context for rethinking the nature of archaeological enquiry and the kind of history, narratives and representations based on it.
The geographical foundations of cultural identity in contemporary Lublin
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Rodzoś, Jolanta
A city’s identity should be understood in terms of a set of characteristic features that distinguish it from any other city and underscore its uniqueness. Such unique identity is defined by several factors such as urban landscape, architecture, natural environment, economy and public life. Uniqueness can be achieved either through unmistakable landmarks and phenomena, or through a peculiar combination of objects, not necessarily unique in themselves. Uniqueness may be reflected in the city’s physiognomy, its urban landscape, the specific character of individual sights, as well as people’s awareness, their behaviour and different systems of values. Determining the city’s identity is a long-term, historic process. In the case of Lublin, the geographical conditions that shape the city’s cultural identity are very characteristic. The dynamic landscape and the presence of three river valleys have resulted in a specific spatial display and urban planning. This concerns both older and newer districts. Said conditions are all reflected in Lublin’s urban landscape, green areas arrangement, transport routes, and many other elements. The city is located in a peripheral, agricultural region, which translates into social structure, different systems of values of the city’s inhabitants, as well as into the city’s economy, which inextricably linked with the agricultural character of the Lubelszczyzna region.
The historical development of Końskowola
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Niedźwiadek, Rafał
Końskowola was granted a town charter in the early 16th century. The town was founded by Andrzej Tęczyński. Archaeological and historical sources imply that permanent settlement in that area began already in the early Middle Ages. At first parish was founded and then management center for nobles goods was established. The creation of the city was the culmination of this process.
The settlement of Kraków before the settlement charter
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Zaitz, Emil
The beginning of the twenty-first century was a period of special events for Kraków related primarily to the 750th anniversary of the town’s foundation location under Magdeburg law. This jubilee resulted in a variety of scientific and research projects. As with the 700th anniversary celebrated in 1957, a number of historical and archaeological studies were carried out, which provide a summary of current knowledge on the history of the city. They were presented in the form of scientific and cartographic publications, and popular ones. In the course of the jubilee (2005–2007) a few occasional exhibitions were prepared, among which worth mentioning are the exhibitions on Kraków legends and related historical figures, the life and culture of the Kraków stronghold complex from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, as well as the changes that took place in Kraków after foundation in 1257, during the period from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century. In the first decade of the twenty-first century a series of archaeological excavations were undertaken during the renovation of the main squares and streets of the city. These included the western (2002–2004) and eastern (2003, 2005–2010) part of the Main Market Square, the Small Market Square (2007), and the Szczepański Square (2008) and the main streets in the Old Town. The results of these studies have already been partially published in “Archaeological Materials” issued by the Archaeological Museum in Kraków (Vols 36 and 37), and most of all in the “Krzysztofory, the scientific journal of the Historical Museum of Kraków” (Vols 28 and 29
The transformation of the town Chomutov, its command post, fortifications and castle in the Middle Ages and the early Modern period
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Sýkora, Milan
The article basing on archaeological, architectural and historical researches makes an attempt reconstruct the historical development of Chomutov (north east part of the Czech Republic). The author depicts the developmental history of the town starting from the 13th century colony connected with the court of the gentry, then mentioning the centre of Teutonic Knights Komtur and finally getting to the point when a town was set up nearby the monastic castle. In the middle of the 14th century a process of measuring the streets networks and parcels started. At the beginning of the 15th century Chomutov becomes a fully established city with all its lawful rights, a crest, seal, town hall and fortifications. Wacław IV has winded up the residence of Komtur in 1411 and then the city becomes a private ownership. A family of Veimitilów become the owners of the town and the castle in 1411 and they rearrange the Komtur’s center for the nobility’s residence which becomes the symbol of power over the city. The city starts to fund churches, public buildings and tenancy houses what increases its importance.
The urban development of Kazimierz Dolny in the Middle Ages from documentary and archaeological sources
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Lis, Paweł; Pisarek, Katarzyna
Medieval settlement in Kazimierz Dolny, a property of the prince, was originated in the middle of the thirteenth century after disappearance of the nunnery of Kazimierz, located on the hill where the castle was built later. On Góra Wietrzna (Windy Hill), after the transfer of ‘Skowieszyn key’ to monastery in Zwierzyniec, there was a Norbertine settlement. The prince’s settlement Kazimierz had a convenient location near the crossing of Vistula and Grodarz rivers, on a place safe from flooding. On the slope of the hill there could have been a post-monastic church, which presumably was soon converted into the parish church, and at the top was the tower, which guarded the crossing and was the seat of the prince of the settlement.