Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 17 (2022)
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Pozycja A Child’s Grave Robe from the Northern Crypt of St Anne’s Church in Konotop, Lubuskie Province, Poland(the Authors, 2022-12) Grupa, Małgorzata; Jasiak, Krzysztof; Grupa, Dawid; Nalaskowski, FilipAn ossuary was found in a brass sarcophagus, dated to 1720 based on a medallion. The archaeological material was mixed with rubbish and sand. Inside the sarcophagus, the remains of both adults and children were discovered. These are believed to be members of the von Kottwitz family, former owners of Konotop. The separation of the material into different types of cloth was quite painstaking and lengthy. Only one of the grave robes has survived in an almost intact condition. It was a simple grave robe without a back. During the analysis of the skeletal remains, it was matched to the red stained skeleton of an infant.Pozycja A Double Child Coffin from the Southern Crypt of the Holy Trinity Church in Radzyń Podlaski (19th Century)(the Authors, 2022-12) Dabralet, Igor; Michalik, Jakub; Grupa, Małgorzata; Gałka, BarbaraThe lives of children in the past were both ephemeral and fragile. The birth of a child, although expected and prayed for, was inevitably connected with the fear of death of both the mother and child, and every childbirth was a kind of a challenge. Unfortunately, in many cases, it finished with death during the delivery or just after. Surviving childhood safely was a constant struggle for the smaller members of a community. This information is evidenced during archaeological explorations of churches and burial grounds. No matter whether they were rich or poor, death took its toll on every social group. There was only the difference in the way of burial ceremony and accessories attributed to it. Some of the child burials were comparable with the richest burials of adults. One of them, a burial in a double coffin, attracted archaeologists’ attention at the very beginning of exploration in Radzyń Podlaski. A child burial in a double coffin can be classified as a unique find, not only in the area of Poland but also in Europe.Pozycja A Preliminary Report on a Search for Artefacts and Verification Excavations Conducted within the Limits of the Old Village of Trójca in 2020 and 2021(the Authors, 2022-12) Florek, MarekIn 2020–2021, within the limits of Trójca – a medieval village located near a ford on the Vistula River that is today part of Zawichost – artefacts were sought with the use of metal detectors. Next, a survey excavation was conducted, resulting in the discovery of e.g. two silver hoards from the 11th and 12th c., single coins from the 11th–12th c. (over 140 specimens) and from later times, merchant’s weights, adornments, minor devotional articles and military accessories (especially from the 11th–13th c.) and many other artefacts. Their discovery makes us suspect that Trójca was one of the most important supralocal trade centres of Lesser Poland in the early Middle Ages. The conducted excavations and research are only the first stage for future archaeological prospections to be conducted in Trójca and will be continued in the years to come.Pozycja Holy Medals with Secondary Holes as Examples of the Recycling of Historical Devotional Objects(the Authors, 2022-12) Michalik, Jakub; Nalaskowski, FilipHoly medals belong to a group of historical artefacts known as devotional objects and they appear in this category beside crosses, scapulars or prayer beads. They are regarded as miniature forms of large medals and are seldom made of noble metals, but rather corrosion resistant alloys. Medals occur the most often in an oval form, with a separated loop for hanging, but there are also circular, rectangular or octagonal forms. The work below is an attempt to study a special form of medals – perforated secondarily – as a historical form of recycling. Such a treatment led them to be regarded as retrieved objects, retaining their original function. Studying the manufacturing features of these objects allows us to distinguish between original and secondary perforations. The latter were made when the original eye was broken or lost. The intentions of persons who decided to recycle devotional objects for material, spiritual or mystic reasons are an important part of this paper. The article is based on studies of artefacts obtained during archaeological excavations at sites in Gniew in Pomerania (Poland) and Dubno in Volhynia (Ukraine).Pozycja Kontush Sashes from the Northern Crypt of the post-Bernardine Church of the Elevation of the Cross in Łuków (Lublin Province)(the Authors, 2022-12) Jarosz, Jan; Grupa, MałgorzataAn archaeological exploration conducted in 2019 in the crypts of the post-Bernardine church of the Elevation of the Cross in Łuków brought various finds of burial goods, excavated in fragments, probably transferred together with human remains in the 19th century to ossuaries located in the crypt. The artefacts included fragments of three kontush sashes, being the most indispensable and splendid element of the Polish national costume. The analysis of these objects, both in terms of ornamentation and technology, helped us to estimate their probable manufacturing location.Pozycja New Finds of Bronze Axes from the Carpathian Foothills(the Authors, 2022-12) Pasterkiewicz, Wojciech; Skała, PatrycjaThis article presents the results of archaeological and metallurgical research on two axes made of bronze, discovered in 2020 in two locations: Izdebki, Brzozów district and Gogołów, Strzyżów district. It was possible to determine the cultural context and chronological affiliation of the artefacts. The axe from Izdebki was classified as a type with elevated edges, dated to the BrB phase and associated with the Otomani-Füzesabony culture, whereas the item from Gogołów was classified as a socketed axe with ornamented sides, dated to the period corresponding to HaB1–HaB3. An analysis of the metallurgical composition of objects was carried out, examining the cores and their surfaces (corrosion layers). It was established that both axes represent so-called tin bronzes. The discovered artefacts should probably be considered loose finds.Pozycja (review) A. Bronicki. „Pierwsi pasterze III tysiąclecia p.Ch. Groby podgrupy wschodniolubelskiej kultury amfor kulistych. Obrządek pogrzebowy. Chronologia”. [“The first shepherds of the 3rd millennium B.C.”]. Chełm 2021: Muzeum Ziemi Chełmskiej im. Wiktora Ambroziewicza w Chełmie, 284 pages.(the Authors, 2022-12) Sieradzka, ElżbietaPozycja (review) E. Tomczak, A. Szczepanek and P. Jarosz. „Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej” [„Gogolin-Strzebniów, site 12. Cemetery of the Lusatian culture in the Silesian Upland”] (= „Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 11”). Pękowice 2021: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 147 pages.(the Authors, 2022-12) Jabłkowska, AleksandraPozycja Some Remarks on Social and Symbolic Significance of the Early Neolithic Longhouses Based on the Applications and Spatial Distribution of Ground Stone Type Tools. The Case of the Linear Pottery Sites from Lesser Poland(the Authors, 2022-12) Szydłowski, MarcinThis article attempts to present some aspects of the spatial reconstruction, modes of use, and social relations in the longhouse settlements of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) by means of a contextual distributional analysis of ground stone artefacts. Three LBK settlement complexes from Lesser Poland (southern Poland) were selected for analysis based on a considerable number of finds of ground stone tools yielded by the excavations. Accurate determination of the intended use of a stone object, as indicated by the traces of use on its surface, was of central importance. Based on the above data, the author has distinguished two types of household sectors in LBK settlements with longhouses, namely domestic and communal. It is argued that the inhabitants of a given longhouse used the domestic sector for their purposes, while the latter served the community. Significant differences in the proportions of ground stones were found between settlements and between the settlement phases of a village. This leads the author to consider whether there might have been specialized settlements for a particular microregion in addition to the function served by a single longhouse. Each settlement would have specialized in different household tasks.Pozycja The Yew Cross from Szczuczyn – a Symbol of Life and Death or an Unusual Memento?(the Authors, 2022-12) Michalik, JakubArchaeological research in the crypts of the Church of the Holy Name of the Virgin Mary in Szczuczyn has been carried out since 2012. Many years of research have made it possible to identify some of the buried people, including the Piarists who served as the hosts of the church. One of the monks identified was Stanislaw Marszycki, who took the name Simeon of St Joseph after his monastic vows. Identification of the Piarist was possible thanks to the information on the coffin. On the deceased’s vestments rested a wooden crucifix, which can be interpreted as part of the deceased’s individual equipment. The crucifix was subjected to wood species identification using a microscope with transmitted light. This made it possible to determine that it was made from the wood of the common yew tree (Taxus baccata L.). Yew wood is a valuable material and was used to make both large boatbuilding components, furniture, and weapons, and was also readily used in 18th- -century gardens. The yew was also a tree around which there was a great deal of superstition. Because of its toxicity and longevity, it was treated as both a tree of death and life. The cross from the monk’s coffin, according to superstition, might have guarded the deceased against evil, been an individual object with which the deceased was associated, or perhaps was chosen because yew wood was eminently polishable and with a beautiful colouration.Pozycja True or False – Difficulties in Interpreting the Funeral Dress from the Burial of the “Bride” in the Szczuczyn Crypt, Poland(the Authors, 2022-12) Dobek, MikołajFuneral costumes are elements of funerary furnishings with very different characteristics. Their form has not only been influenced by local funeral customs but also by the property status of the families of the deceased and the fashion trends prevailing in a given region. The study of funerary clothing clearly translates into the general development of knowledge about the evolution of fashion, and thus the issue is no longer only the domain of costume specialists, but also archaeology. This is clearly discernible on the example of the results of archaeological research conducted in the crypts of the Church of St. Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary – over 100 burials turned out to be hiding the largest archaeological collection of modern funerary clothing from the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Against the background of these costumes, the clothes in which the woman placed in burial no. 8 (EA crypt) stands out. Her attire took an exceptionally impressive form, as evidenced by the fact that this tomb aroused the interest of the local population long before archaeologists arrived in Szczuczyn. According to the stories of the locals, she was buried in a wedding dress. As a result of the verification carried out both on the stand and as a result of laboratory analyses, it was determined whether this theory can be confirmed with the use of scientific methods. The analyses, apart from referring to the theory of stories told by local history enthusiasts, turned out to contribute a lot to the current state of knowledge on the development of 18th-century women’s fashion.