Studia Anglica Resoviensia T. 13 (2016)

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45 minutes within the four walls of a classroom: Problems and concerns of student teachers during their practicum
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Szymańska-Tworek, Aleksandra; Turzańska, Agnieszka
Student practicum is an important part of teacher preparatory program. It is speculated that pre-service teachers who manage to complete their practicum with a sense of accomplishment and success are more likely to choose teaching as their ultimate career. However, before trainee teachers turn into fully-fledged, certified teachers, they need to work through the numerous challenges that student teaching poses on them. The literature adduced in the present paper points to a number of concerns that trainee teachers struggle with. First and foremost, they strongly complain about pupils’ misbehaviour and lack of motivation. Other stated problems include trainee teachers’ ineffective time and classroom management and feeling of anxiety that accompanies them throughout the whole period of practicum. In the present study we investigated the problems and worries of 108 student teachers majoring in English at the University of Silesia. The findings are congruous with the existing research in that pre-service teachers mostly struggle with pupils’ misbehaviour, time management, stress and feeling of anxiety. This emotional strain is caused by a number of factors: lack of confidence in one’s teaching skills, inability to introduce order and discipline, demotivated learners, being observed by a supervising teacher and conducting their first lesson.
A linguistic account of Business English
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Potęga, Paulina
Business English is a rapidly growing field of language study which concerns an increasing number of scholars. In short, it is associated with specialised area of English related to the language employed in all types of business contexts. Therefore, a new and urgent need for not only practical applications of Business English has appeared, but also its theoretical accounts that opens new opportunities and research vistas. Although the term itself has long been the subject of interest of academics and language teachers, the concept still seems to pose a number of controversies and frequently leads to confusion. In this paper an attempt will be made to shed some light on the linguistic structure of Business English by identifying its main features and providing an overview of the area, especially in the field of grammar and vocabulary.
Edmund Burke’s present discontents: Political propaganda or a work of political science?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Borus, György
Edmund Burke, the ideologist of the Rockingham Whigs during the 1760s, published a pamphlet in 1770 – entitled “Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents” – in which he analysed the difficult problems of the decade in domestic and foreign affairs. He determined what he saw as the root cause of the problems, and also suggested a solution to them. The primary aim of this essay is to describe the very special circumstances of the 1760s, to explain what motivated Burke in publishing this work, and to assess the significance of the pamphlet.
Identifying the Ukrainian: Marina Lewycka’s “A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Weretiuk, Oksana
This essay deals with the problem of Ukrainian identity in Marina Lewycka’s novel: “A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian” (2005). The paper suggests a twofold imagological1 analysis in order to answer how the second generation of Ukrainian immigrants in Great Britain (children of the post-WWII political migration) perceives, the Ukrainian newcomer, the economic immigrant from a post-communist state, who looks strange and other for them and how the reader, in his turn, perceives the Ukrainianness of the first and the second. It also underlines that Marina Lewycka infuses the Ukrainian history (past and modern) with a unique sense of humour based on cultural varieties. Her English-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-English characters are observed from different perspectives.
Leisure as an instrument of integrating diasporas in Victorian Manchester
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Kiersnowska, Beata
The paper aims to discuss some aspects of the recreational policy of Manchester authorities in the Victorian period as an integrating instrument for the city’s diasporas. Throughout the period, industrialisation and urban growth continued to attract to the city migrants from different parts of the United Kingdom as well as overseas. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the Irish, Germans, Armenians, Italians, Polish, Russian and German Jews settled in different parts of Manchester, often forming isolated communities. This uprooted, ethnically, religiously, politically and socially diversified population lacked cohesion and a sense of community which contributed to the city’s mounting social problems. Therefore, the municipal authorities and enlightened members of the city bourgeoisie sought ways to integrate this diversified populace by instilling in them a sense of community. They envisaged leisure and recreation as a sphere in which the English middle-class cultural model based on certain moral and social principles could be extended to the lower social classes and minority groups. In order to achieve this aim different kinds of leisure activities were actively promoted and cultural and recreational facilities were established. Particularly important among those were free public amenities, such as public libraries and parks where different social and ethnic groups could come in contact. Thus in Victorian Manchester leisure and recreation apart from having entertaining and recuperative powers also played an important role in building a sense of belonging to the place and cohesive hierarchical community.
Loving in two languages: Language choice and emotionality in family communication of Kazakh bilinguals
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Pawliszko, Judyta
Highlighting the intrinsic difficulty in trying to measure a concept as elusive as emotion, the article brings together the latest wave of research in the field of both sociological and cultural studies on bilinguals’ emotional responses. Irrefutably, one arena in which emotional concomitants of language are keenly experienced is in bilinguals’ sense that there is no greater emotional significance than the ones related to the speakers’ first and second languages. The above raises interesting possibilities for explorations in the area of the concept of bilingualism; specifically: What are the emotion-related factors in language choice of bilingual family members? Do all bilinguals prefer their first language to express affect? Should the first language be perceived as the language of emotions and the second as the language of detachment? What are bilinguals’ linguistic preferences while articulating emotionality in a family context? The initial step of this article is to expound the sociolinguistically-conditioned phenomenon of language dominance and expressions of emotionality within Kazakh family units. In what follows, not only is a review of the existing studies on language dominance offered, but the present article also discusses the author’s own investigation drawing on 54 Kazakh students and their parents’ responses to a questionnaire on bilingualism and emotions. From the wealth of data provided, two core themes are to be identified: distinctive factors affecting Kazakh-Russian bilinguals’ language choice as well as the emotionality characteristics of first and the second languages in family-context communication. Returning to reflection on emotion, vivid quotes from the respondents add a vibrant human dimension to this account by illustrating the inevitable continuum between sociolinguistic and cultural aspects.
Machine translation: A threat or an opportunity for human translators?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Puchała-Ladzińska, Karolina
The motivation behind any kind of development is always the wish to make a certain area of life easier. Hence, it is not surprising that attempts have been made to eliminate the barrier which has been a nuisance for people since time immemorial – the language barrier. Nowadays linguists and computer scientists worldwide strive to create miniature computers that could serve as universal translators, capable of translating between any two languages. This idea, once belonging to the realm of dreams only, is something that Google, among others, intends to turn into a reality. The purpose of the article is to explain the idea of machine translation (MT), present a brief outline of its history, evaluate the progress that has been made in this field of translation studies, as well as discuss the future of machine translation and try to answer the question whether it is likely that human translators will one day be replaced with artificial intelligence.
On the directions of birdsemic developments in English and Polish
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Górecka-Smolińska, Małgorzata
In the first place, it needs to be indicated that the purpose set to the paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of female bird metaphors in English and Polish. The analysis must ultimately be treated as an attempt to review and develop the data gathered in such works as: Górecka-Smolińska (2007), Górecka-Smolińska (2008), Górecka-Smolińska (2009), Górecka-Smolińska and Kleparski (2011), and Górecka-Smolińska and Kleparski (2012). In particular, the focus will be directed at the lexical items hen, duck and goose, which are directly related to one of the leading categories of the bird kingdom, namely domesticated birds. The investigation of the bird-derived lexicon in English and Polish will allow us to observe if both languages are equally prolific in forming bird metaphors. Furthermore, we may hope to be able to examine the directions of birdsemy in the two languages, that is whether both English and Polish are similar as far as the referents of bird metaphors are concerned. Last but not least, it is to be hoped that the examination of birdsemic developments in English and Polish will be productive enough to answer the question of the origins and reasons for the growth of bird metaphor in both languages.
On the linguistic features of American political discourse
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Pieniążek-Niemczuk, Elżbieta
The present-day public communication space is dominated by the language of politics, thus allowing political discourse to both influence and become one of the components of contemporary culture. The paper aims at discussing the typical linguistic features of a sample of political speeches given by the major actors in American political campaigns in the year 2012. Attention will be given to the use of rhetorical devices, which serve as examples of both the figurative use of words and their constituent part of political language – used here as an instrument to increase power and to suggestively, and most frequently, subjectively, convey knowledge about the world. Though the typical linguistic features of political speeches have thus far been the focus of many linguists and researchers during their analysis of this phenomenon of discourse, not much attention has been given to establish a comparison of the rhetorical devices used by American politicians to win the hearts of a specific political party voter, i.e. a Democrat or a Republican.
Ontology and sacrality – the two translative dominants of the works by Thomas Pynchon
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Barciński, Łukasz
The article deals with the concept of dominant with regard to the translation process and various definitions of this term (e.g. the translative dominant as defined by Bednarczyk). Then the study presents the works by Thomas Pynchon, a leading postmodern American writer, stressing the possibility of applying a wide spectrum of translative dominants to his multifaceted fiction, which explores the aesthetic ambiguities within the postmodern literary convention. Finally, the article offers two main translative dominants as adequate for the analysis of Pynchon’s works in translation i.e. the ontological dominant and the sacral dominant. The description of the ontological dominant draws heavily on McHale’s understanding of this concept, while the discussion of the sacral dominant involves the possible analogy of approach to translation between texts within the postmodern convention such as Pynchon’s and sacral texts e.g. the Bible.
“Postcolonial Literary Geographies: Out of Place”, John Thieme. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 238 pp. ISBN 978-1-137-45687-8
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Austin, Patrycja
Sameness within difference or difference within sameness?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Bierowiec, Izabela
In the era of globalisation and the emergence of multicultural societies the significant issue of who we should become arises. Modern cultural as well as literary models of merging cultural characteristics advocate a vision of overall uniqueness, thus contributing to the creation of a unified, yet diversified world community. The following article concentrates on the motivation of the process of assimilation observed in migrants, which is identified by implementing Rene Girard’s theory of the triangle of desire and Levinas’ hypothesis of the face-to-face encounter. The presented analysis is based on the liaison between characters created by Monica Ali in her novel “Brick Lane”. Moreover, it points to the role of silence as a tool for the superficial preservation of the desired image.
Some remarks on a linguistic predator: Foreign influences upon prison slang
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Ciechanowska, Anna
Prison slang may be considered to be a language variety with great creativity, which is manifested in its inherent tendency to draw on and borrow from other languages and language varieties. As a result, in the linguistic repertoire used by inmates in British and American prisons we observe a strong tendency to apply vocabulary items which derive from many different linguistic backgrounds, such as, among others, Yiddish, Spanish, Italian and Cockney Rhyming slang. Unfortunately, this aspect of prison slang seems to be sadly neglected, if not altogether ignored. This paper provides an analysis of the subject of borrowings in the linguistic repertoire used by Englishspeaking inmates.
The correlation between the high offensiveness of swear words and their productivity: A comparison of selected Polish and English examples
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Mormol, Paulina
Although the negatively charged linguistic units, generally known as swear words, are interwoven into the speech of nearly all human beings, they remain a profound mystery for both laymen and scholars. In recent years, however, the perception of expletives has changed to the extent where the ground-breaking research concerning the phenomenon of swearing is happening before our very eyes. In view of the foregoing, the following paper shall contribute to the fast-developing domain by investigating whether the high offensiveness of the prevalent English and Polish coarse expressions impinges upon their productivity. Furthermore, the study intends to pinpoint the most productive and unproductive themes found in the realm of cursing.
The quest for Jewish assimilation expressed through Yiddishkeit in America
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Dziama, Anna
The aim of this paper is to present the notion of Jewish assimilation reflected in the cultural phenomenon of Yiddishkeit. This can be easily mirrored in the notion of Jewish identity, tradition, Judaism and Jewish languages as part of Yiddishkeit in present-day America, which has made it possible for the Jewish diaspora to maintain its significant character in the multicultural United States.
The semantic history of dough, bread, bun: on how money and women go together
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Kowalczyk, Aleksandra
In recent literature scholars have worked out a number of new categories of meaning development, such as zoosemy, plantosemy and fooodsemy. In my paper I shall focus on the mechanism of foodsemy, a new semantic category proposed by Kleparski (2008). Most frequently, the process discussed here involves projection of attributive features and values, sometimes positive, yet most frequently negative, associated with members of the macrocategory FOODSTUFFS onto the macrocategory HUMAN BEING. Interestingly enough, numerous food and food-related lexical items are employed to conceptualize and encode the senses related to the macrocategory FEMALE HUMAN BEING. Additionally, one may also distinguish cases of shift in which metaphorical transfers link the conceptual macrocategory FOODSTUFFS and other conceptual categories, such as FEMALE BODY PARTS and MONEY. To illustrate complexity of foodsemy, I shall analyse the three cases of lexical items, such as dough, bread and bun that have undergone different metaphorisation processes.

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