Polityka i Społeczeństwo nr 3(17)/2019
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- PozycjaEwolucja nurtu neokonserwatywnego w polityce USA w wyniku zamachów z 11 września 2001 roku i jej konsekwencje(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Milczanowski, MaciejThe article showcases and examines the evolution of the neoconservative strand of US politics and its influence on the country’s international politics, with a particular analytical emphasis on the effects of the September 11, 2001 attacks and the ensuing counter-terrorism measures on the part of the USA. The importance of the neocon agenda has grown considerably in the wake of the WTC and Pentagon attacks and, as a result, has shaped the core of US Middle Eastern politics. Simultaneously, the neocon takeover of US politics marginalized the impact of both the conservative and the liberal circles. As a consequence, the US national security evolved into a hard power model based on military authority. Such a political practice yielded short-term profits (and – at best – media benefits and image gains) for the USA, but in the long run it also posed a threat to the West.
- PozycjaMiędzynarodowa ochrona praw człowieka w kontekście zjawiska handlu ludźmi(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Szymański, ŁukaszThe subject of this study is the international protection of human rights in the context of human trafficking and slavery. Human trafficking and slavery are one of the most vivid examples of the violation of the individual's right to freedom, integrity and security, and of the denial of human dignity, which is the main pillar of the international system for the protection of human rights. Therefore, trade in live goods and other crimes related to the exploitation of prostitution have become the subject of several international conventions. International communities have decided to prevent and combat this phenomenon with the help of criminal law instruments. The study contains explanations of statutory concepts related to the protection of human rights and human trafficking. In addition, it discusses the forms of protection of human rights. The theoretical nature of this paper is based on publications in the field of international law, criminal law, and constitutional law.
- PozycjaNiebezpieczeństwo politycznego wykorzystywania ustawodawstwa o ochronie informacji niejawnych(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Zapart, RobertBy using comparative, institutional and legal methods, and a case study, the article discusses and analyzes selected issues related to national security policy in the context of the protection of classified information, and particularly the grounds for initiating and conducting covert verification procedures with regard to persons holding relevant documents. The research conducted by the author shows that, in certain circumstances, there is a risk of their lawful instrumental use for the achievement of current political goals. Part of the process limiting the above-mentioned risks could involve the proposed amendments to the applicable legislation with regard to the reduction in the inequality between the parties in administrative proceedings and, thus, resulting in an increase in the rights of citizens in relation to state authorities conducting covert verification procedures.
- PozycjaPercepcja barier rozwoju elektromobilności w kontekście postaw ekologicznych mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Kud, KrzysztofThe transport needs of the population are constantly growing, and the consequences of car transport, fueled by gasoline and diesel engines, constitute a growing ecological problem. Electromobility is a direction that is currently indicated as a solution to these problems, especially in large cities suffering from poor air quality. New technological solutions often encounter many barriers, and usually the main barrier is the mental barrier. The study analyzes the perception of barriers to the development of electromobility by the inhabitants of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The study aims to verify the hypothesis about the dependence of the perception of electromobility on the ecological attitude of the inhabitant. It has been assumed throughout the present study that the assessment of activity regarding waste segregation, relation to animals, etc. is an expression of an ecological attitude, and the attitude towards electromobility depends on it.
- PozycjaPoczucie podmiotowości komunikacyjnej w perspektywie badań nad kompetencjami medialnymi(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Szostok-Nowacka, PatrycjaThe aim of the article is to present the concept of the sense of communication subjectivity from the perspective of its usefulness in research on media competences. The author discusses theoretical aspects of human subjectivity connected with communication activity referring to the literature in the field of political science, sociology, and psychology. She constructs a model of the sense of communication subjectivity based on available theories, then she verifies it in the questionnaire research on the relationship between the sense of communication subjectivity and social activity in territorial self-governments of the Śląskie Voivodeship. The results of the survey confirm the research hypothesis, according to which social activity is associated with a sense of communication subjectivity. Apart from the conclusions provided by the survey, the author formulates the proposal of further use of the concept in research on communication in various social situations, especially those involving asymmetric communication, for example, in work environment, health care, education, etc.
- PozycjaPrawo do rozwoju a prawo do życia w środowisku wolnym od zanieczyszczeń – analiza problemu i kilka propozycji redukcji konfliktu(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Mazur-Bubak, MonikaThe article addresses the problem of the conflict of two human rights – the right to economic and social development and the right to live in a healthy environment. It examines various fields of this conflict: theoretical approach, Polish and international legislation, different political events and current economic reports. It aims to investigate this problem and to indicate on the basis of Martha Nussbaum's work a few proposals for its solution.
- PozycjaPrawo do wolnych wyborów w Azerbejdżanie w świetle orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Jastrzębski, MarcinThe article provides an extensive analysis of the problem of the way how Azerbaijan implements international standards for free elections. The basic research mainly covers the jurisprudence of international bodies protecting individual rights, with a particular emphasis on the European Court of Human Rights and on the Council of Europe's Human Rights Commission, as well as the reports from observation missions of the OSCE elections of 2005 and 2010.
- PozycjaSamorządowi menadżerowie. Wybrane aspekty prawne i ekonomiczne w działalności wójta gminy po 1990 roku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Piasecki, Andrzej; Azzawe, Thair Al.The aim of this article is to analyze selected legal and economic aspects of the activities of a municipal administrator (wójt) in Poland. Based on the comparative method as well as on the latest expert studies in the field of law, administration, and economics, the author compares the changes that have taken place in the systemic status and in the activities of wójts. The most important legal acts regarding their powers have been examined. The influence of wójt on shaping the municipality’s budget and managing its assets have been analyzed. The effectiveness of management in the face of the diversity of Polish municipalities has also been compared. Empirical examples of effective public management by wójts have been used. The results of the local government elections in 2018 have also been analyzed as a test of the managerial competence of the wójts under consideration.
- PozycjaTransboundary media and journalism – an overview of theories, conceptions, and practice in Europe(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Olechowska, PaulinaIstotną rolę w procesach integracyjnych odgrywają inicjatywy w rejonach przygranicznych. Jedną z płaszczyzn współpracy transgranicznej jest kooperacja w obszarze społeczno-kulturalnym, która przejawia się we współpracy podmiotów (wydawcy) i ludzi (redaktorzy) przynależących do różnych krajów – w ich lokalnym wymiarze (europejskie regiony pogranicza). Istnieją różne teorie poświęcone internacjonalizacji procesów komunikowania. Artykuł jest przeglądem koncepcji oraz próbą osadzenia w nich mediów transgranicznych, które ze względu na swoją różnorodność form współpracy (m.in. formalna/nieformalna, merytoryczna, finansowa, strukturalna) oraz odmienność realizowanych funkcji (przekraczanie i przezwyciężanie granic – Grenzüberschreitung i Grenzüberwindung) nie poddają się uproszczonym modelom kategoryzacyjnym. Na podstawie wyników badań wybranych przykładów europejskich mediów transgranicznych podjęto próbę ustalenia ich cech dystynktywnych, wskazując jednocześnie na rolę, jaką odgrywają transgraniczne przekazy w europejskiej sferze publicznej.
- PozycjaWpływ wieloletnich ram finansowych 2021–2027 Unii Europejskiej na zarządzanie rozwojem regionalnym w Polsce(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Michalewska-Pawlak, MałgorzataThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the European Union’s multiannual financial framework 2021–2027 on regional governance in Poland. The article is based on results of the research in the area of multilevel governance of the EU in the context of regional development. In particular, it aims to explore the influence of strategic and financial arrangements which might determine the processes of regional governance in Poland. The paper shows the key proposals elaborated by the European Commission and their potential consequences for the Polish regions. The final section of the paper describes how a new mechanism in the area of the rule of law as part of the conditionality rule can limit the access to the European Structural and Investment Funds for Polish regions. The paper has been elaborated using the following two methods: 1) institutional analysis of the key EU law regulations in the area of multiannual financial framework and regional policy; 2) case study. The article also implements up-to-date scholarly findings included in available scientific literature. The added value of the article is that the subject in question is yet to be discussed extensively by researchers.