Polityka i Społeczeństwo nr 2(15)/2017
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- PozycjaAktywni obywatele – analiza porównawcza osób działających w organizacjach trzeciego sektora w Polsce(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Masłyk, TomaszThe degree of citizen participation in Poland as a key factor responsible for the development of third sector organizations is relatively low compared to countries of developed democracy. Despite political, economic or social difficulties, from year to year there is a gradual increase in non-governmental organizations representing the sphere. The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics of active citizens working in various third sector organizations with regard to their socio-demographic profiles. The analysis was performed for the total active people based on data from studies carried out in the 2013Social Diagnosis.
- PozycjaBartłomiej Opaliński: „Udział Prezydenta RP w kształtowaniu składu Rady Ministrów w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 1997 roku”, Wydawnictwo ECE, Toruń 2013, 174 ss.(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Grabowska, Sabina
- PozycjaBezpieczeństwo energetyczne społeczności lokalnej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Wieczorek, PiotrThe publication concerns the issue of periodic energy supply breaks. The main goal of the paper is to answer the following question: how one can solve the problems of local communities connected with periodic energy supply breaks, for instance: floods, avalanches, windstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes, which result in power cuts lasting for almost a week. Secondly, this article is also dedicated to the investors, who would certainly decrease the use of energy in some urban areas, if they applied the provided solutions with regard to their investments such as huge shopping centres. What is more, the aim of this paper is to present certain legal regulations related to the crisis management concerning the use of the equipment of the Armed Forces in the case of periodic energy supply breaks.
- PozycjaBłędy, zaniechania i manipulacje polityków na przykładzie referendów w Polsce w 1996 i 2015 roku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Piasecki, Andrzej K.In 1996 and 2015 two unsuccessful referendums have been carried out in Poland. They shared in common the institution of the initiator of the referendum (the president), low turnout, and instrumental treatment of these votes. The referendum of 1996 was intended to help Lech Wałęsa in the realization of his campaign promises. In 2015 Bronisław Komorowski wanted the referendum to win him the support of the followers of Paweł Kukiz. Many mistakes have been made during both referendums; for example: poorly worded questions, omission of detailed explanation of the consequences of the referendum, a series of manipulations from the politicians, such as the submission of additional questions. The ineffective results of these votes and the negative events surrounding their campaign had their impact on the state of the Polish direct democracy as well as on its functioning in the framework of the political system of the Third Republic.
- PozycjaKompetencje wyłączne państwa członkowskiego UE w dziedzinie energetyki(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Marszałek, MarcinThe study addresses the task of determining the scope of sovereignty (exclusive competence) of member states in the area of the development of national power policy on the basis of Treaties, mainly the Treaty on European Union. The author makes an attempt to prove that the impact of the EU legislation on the national legal order, pursuant to the EU regulations, is subject to selective exclusion, and the member states are entitled to supremacy relative to the EU power policy in specific areas of the development of the power policy. Therefore, the member states kept their autonomous right to develop the market of energy supplies in a manner that would make it possible to maintain the balance between the supplies and the demand within the limits necessary for keeping the energy security at the national level required for the public order and the national security. The hierarchical relation of the EU interest and the national public interest arising from the supremacy of the EU law and its direct effectiveness does not jeopardize the national objectives defined in this way. The national energy security, understood in this way, opens the space for specific preferences of national suppliers subject to the national legislative regime as well as the national power authorities and power enterprises managing the transfer or distribution infrastructure.
- PozycjaPolityczne działania amerykańskiej Partii Demokratycznej od połowy xix wieku do roku 1945 w ocenie reprezentantów szkoły austriackiej. Wstęp do analizy i interpretacji wybranych problemów(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Szabaciuk, WojciechThis article is an attempt to analyze and interpret the evaluation of the politicians of the American Democratic Party in the period from the second half of the 19th century to 1945, which was conducted by representatives of the Austrian School. This article shows that the Democratic Party, from the political group which conforms to laissez faire, individual liberties, and the free trade was later to become a party, which support subsidies, “war for democracy” and the state-sponsored works. The account which was adopted by the representatives of the Austrian School was support for the market economy and personal liberties, and all violations of these issues have become of the subject of their criticism. In this article the author used an interpretative method and content analysis.
- PozycjaPolskie projekty na rzecz wzmocnienia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w Europie w myśli politycznej Prawa i Sprawiedliwości oraz Platformy Obywatelskiej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Paszkowski, MichałThe article presents the concepts proposed in 2006 and in 2014 by the Polish political parties to enhance energy security in Europe (the idea of the European Energy Security Treaty and Energy Union) and determines the role of these proposals for the energy security of the member states of the European Union. Formulated by Polish political parties (Law and Justice, Civic Platform), the concepts for energy cooperation between the EU resulted from the comparable importance of energy in modern international relations. Politicians from both political parties were aware of the dependence of many countries of the European Union on energy supplies from the Russian Federation and the nature of the foreign policy pursued by Russia. Consequently, they indicated the need for close political cooperation, both with the importers and exporters of energy resources. In terms of political science analysis of this issue it is important from both the theoretical and practical point of view, as it relates to the determination of the essence of understanding by policy makers of changes taking place in Europe, as well as the distinction between the measures and actions taken to ensure energy security in the EU. The concepts proposed by the two political party’s resulted from the need to pursue an active foreign and energy policy. Nevertheless, clear assessment of the concept of Law and Justice and Civic Platform is difficult to determine.
- PozycjaPomoc państwa dla górnictwa węgla kamiennego w świetle przepisów unijnych(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Gawlik, Lidia; Pepłowska, MonikaThe authors have analyzed the documents containing legal regulations directly related to the coal mining sector. They referred to a number of both national laws and laws set by the authorities of the European Union (EU). The authors pay attention to the special role of coal in resource policy of Poland. They show the conditions under which state aid was granted to the coal mining industry based on the specific directives, laws and regulations in the previous years. Moreover assumptions of national aid programs are described, and the possible restructuring actions that might be accomplished with the help of this financial assistance are demonstrated. Also the authors hold a discussion on the legitimacy of the use of publicly-legislated aid in the coal mining industry.
- PozycjaWspółpraca gazowa Federacji Rosyjskiej z Rzeczpospolitą Polską(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Brodacki, DominikThe article constitutes an analysis of the gas relationship between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Poland in terms of the current geopolitical and economic determinants affecting the nature of the bilateral cooperation in the scope of energy policy. The paper shows the existence of a dependence, as well as the characteristics of the natural gas sector and energy policy of the Russian Federation in relation to Poland and also answers the question about the reason for such actions as are taken. The aim of the work is also the analysis of the natural gas sector of the Republic of Poland and internal conditions in Poland, which influence the foreign policy of Russia in the export of natural gas.
- PozycjaZmiany w mechanizmach cenotwórczych na europejskim rynku gazu ziemnego(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Tarnawski, MarcinThe pricing mechanism on the European gas market is an interesting issue, mainly due to the changes on the international gas markets. Although the appearance on the market of LNG is the most significant factor affecting the raw material price, we cannot forget about the others: indexation to oil prices, long-term contracts, dominance of Russian gas in the eastern part of the continent, development of infrastructure (interconnectors), and gas storage. Although natural gas does not constitute the single most important source of energy, its role and importance for certain sectors of the economy, consumers (heating) and energy sector is very important. The presentation of the changes in the mechanism of gas pricing in Europe is the main objective of the article. Factors influencing these changes (inter alia the LNG policy of Gazprom) are presented in the second part of the study. While the first part will be limited to indicating the most important elements of the price formation mechanism in long-term contracts and hubs on the European market.