Studia Anglica Resoviensia T. 15, nr 2 (2018)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/4668

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Advertising Slogans in Translation: A Functionalist Approach Corpus-Based Study
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Górski, Tomasz P.
The aim of the paper is an attempt to present and to analyse advertising slogans from the point of view of functionalist approach as developed by its leading propagator Christiane Nord, though the ideas of Katharina Reiss and Hans Vermeer are also important points of reference. It discusses 75 advertising slogans, sets them against the background of product localisation, focuses on cultural, ethical, linguistic and formal issues of the slogans to finally sort them according to the methods of translation developed by Peter Newmark, namely transference, literal translation, and non-literal translation (adaptation). The English language version of the slogan is contrasted here with the Polish one and, in a few cases, with French and German. A qualitative analysis of the material shows the slogan translators’ consistency with the assumptions of functional approach and cultural specificity of the target receivers.
Arguments and Counter-arguments in the Debate to Decriminalize Some Forms of Incestuous Relations in Poland
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Deutschmann, Marcin; Molek-Kozakowska, Katarzyna
This study explores argumentation and counter-argumentation patterns emerging from a corpus of readers’ comments found below-the-line of over twenty-five online articles on the subject of incest, the current legal sanctions against it and the possibility to decriminalize consensual incestuous relations between adults in Poland. The comments have been coded line-by-line for the types of positioning and argument premises using Atlas.ti software. Using the framework for argument analysis according to underlying premises, the comments were analyzed with respect to stance taken, practical reasoning conducted, and salient rhetorical strategies applied. They are subsequently correlated with the discursive formations from which they are sourced, notably ‘genetics/eugenics’ and ‘tradition/social order’ or ‘morality’ in the case of opponents of decriminalization, and ‘science/evidence,’ ‘liberalism/progress,’ and ‘romantic love’ for the proponents. In the discussion, the explanations of the competing constructions and evaluations of incest taboo and social stigma around it are referred to larger socio-political ideologies, including conservatism, nationalism and liberalism. The study contributes to the pool of argumentative and rhetorical studies on how topical issues are being debated in the media-saturated public sphere devoid of traditional gate-keeping and access control.
Chicanos in America after the Mexican War
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Vraukó, Tamás
In this paper a brief summary is provided of the situation of Mexican-Americans in the period from the mid-19th century to the end of the 20th century. Examples are taken mostly from works of literature and some from movies, in order to illustrate how Chicano intellectuals wish to uphold their cultural heritage in an Anglo society that was unfriendly towards them for a long time.
Concept, Metaphor and Idiom
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) David, Gyula
The paper describes how metaphorization is manifest throughout the idiomatic spectrum and provides insight into the cultural aspects of language use. It also focuses on the extension of cognitive mental operations, such as metaphorical mapping, facilitating the emergence of figurative scenarios out of the tangible, physical world. The paper argues that the overall English idiomatic language can be classified by conceptuality and most of it by conceptual metaphors (or metonymies, not discussed in this paper). To grasp the essence of global changes in language, one needs to advance from linguistic tools to the socio-cultural environment. Conceptualization is said to have played a crucial role in the development of human thinking. The paper suggests that conceptual metaphors are an integral part of idiomaticity, and both differences and similarities can be detected between different cultural environments. To offer a fairly comprehensive picture of idiom-based research into how the English language is structured, this paper draws on a corpus of around 220,000 words of journalistic and internet-based material.
Echo and Irony: Weapons in Political Campaigns
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Rut-Kluz, Dorota
The theory of relevance presented by Dan Sperber and Deidre Wilson (1995) is a general theory of communication which has been developing over the past decades and apart from the theoretical developments it has been implemented as a tool for various analyses of discourse. The aim of the paper is to present a relevance theoretic account of a special kind of attributive use of campaign material which was employed by candidates in TV advertisements for the US presidential election campaign in 2012. Candidates use this special kind, echoic use, implementing it not only to criticise the opponent but also to justify their negative attitude towards the material mentioned. Echoic use proves to be a powerful tool not only to criticise and maintain credibility, but also allow irony which seems to be, along with discrediting the rival, the most powerful weapon at a politician's disposal.
Envisioning Moroccan Topos in Arthur Leared’s “Morocco and the Moors” (1876), R.B. Cunninghame Graham’s “Mogreb-El-Acksa: A Journey in Morocco” (1898) and Budgett Meakin’s “Life in Morocco” (1905)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Aammari, Lahoucine
Arthur Leared, Cunninghame Graham and Budgett Meakin are three British travel writers who journeyed into precolonial Morocco or Western Barbary in its tumultuous and lawless last years of its ruling Sultans. In their accounts, these travellers try to take hold of the Barbary space by making it void, vast, “uninhabited”, domestic and by erasing any signs of the Moorish Other’s life, alluring the colonialists that Western Barbary is a spatial nullity or terra nullius; it needs to be peopled and occupied. The Moorish spaces that the authors visit are regarded and perceived as anti-space as they kindle in the travellers a sense of disgust, monotony and melancholy on the one hand, and as purveyors of both erotica and exotica on the other. “Morocco and the Moors” (1876), “Mogreb-el-Aksa: A Journey in Morocco” (1898) and “Life in Morocco” (1905) share virtually the same vision towards the other’s space, a space that is unexplored, uncharted and blank. The job of these travellers is to journey into these spaces and to portray them in a vein that would contribute one way or another to the spread of discursive and rhetorical strategies that are common among their contemporaries. Therefore, there is an intertextual relation between different texts. These three travel writers try to map out Moroccan topos from their Eurocentric standpoints, but they also have recourse to different testimonies and canonical works on this space, drawing largely and exclusively on other British scholars. The voices and travellers change but space remains the same; it is fixed and frozen in an epistemological canonicity. The Moorish space is enfolded in the gaze of the traveller/seer, which is not purely innocent.
Husband Status-related Names for Women ‘in Power’: A Corpus-based Study of Selected Suffixed Formations in Polish
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Buńko, Jowita
Since the times of emancipation Polish speakers have faced the problem of forming names for working women. Although in most cases the -ka suffix has taken on this role, it is not suitable for deriving names for all kinds of professions across all the social strata. In the Polish hierarchical society, the derivation of names for women holding high positions in public life (especially in the Polish establishment) has always followed its own ‘elite’ rules. Male names (with a few exceptions declining according to the masculine paradigm) have been ‘frozen’ in their masculine form and used in reference to women regardless of grammatical case, receiving the name of paradigmatic ‘zero’. This, however, goes against the modern feminist ideals where equality between men and women is expressed not by giving the same name but a name by which the referent’s sex is marked overtly. Language evolves in such a way as to cater for the needs of the changing society by providing separate nomenclature for men and women. Since the -ka suffix strongly connotes with the working class, other solutions have been proposed. This paper will explore the use of the long-standing, husband status-related (‘maritonymic’) names, ending in -owa and -ina/-yna in this function. It is a corpus-based study of all contexts of usage of 13 husband status-related formations in Polish which are potential candidates for becoming names of women holding high positions. This strategy curiously diverges with the Slavic tradition of suffixation preserved in Polish rural dialects, which has spread imperceptibly over the language in the shape of colloquial names for women in question, encouraged also for colloquial use by Polish linguistic authorities (the Polish Language Council), leaving speakers trapped between two opposing tendencies each of them having its own reasons for demanding priority.
In Search of Methodology for Analyzing Verbal Zoosemy: The Case of English Prison Slang to Rat
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Ciechanowska, Anna
Verbal zoosemy – which is becoming a more and more attractive area of research – is a mechanism that in comparison to nominal zoosemy poses more difficulty for the linguists of today since the process involves the combination of the general metaphorical schema and metonymic transfer. What is also important is the fact that verbal zoosemy is a phenomenon that may be found not merely in standard languages, but also in their non-standard varieties, such as, for example, English prison slang, which is a particularly rich source of animal metaphors, both nominal and verbal, due to its particularly highly metaphorical nature. Nevertheless, this aspect of prison slang seems to be apparently neglected, if not altogether ignored. The paper is an attempt to uncover the main twists and turns of verbal zoosemy functioning in English prison slang, employing a cognitively couched methodological framework based on selected elements of cognitive linguistics and conceptual semantics.
One-word Interjections as Discourse Markers in Female and Male Speakers’ Academic Talk: A Case Study Based on the Michigan Corpus of Academic English
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Lukács, Béla
Through a corpus-based search, the present paper’s objective is to attempt to reveal the differentiation of some interjections as discourse markers in the academic talks presented by speakers of both genders. By doing so, I offer a deepened insight into why female and male speakers resort to the use of these interjections. On the basis of an online corpus of the University of Michigan, I present my findings according to several other criteria. The corpus is compiled of a huge set of academic talks by students and staff of the university. Finally, using Jakobson’s functions, I classify and further analyse these discourse markers. The data attained through searching this corpus take me a step further in casting some light on the ratio of the interjections used by the two genders, and the possible reasons for the uneven distribution of interjections in terms of female and male use.
Proverbs as Small Narratives
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Mandziuk, Justyna
The purpose of this article is to look at the world of “grand narratives” and “little stories” from the perspective of paremiological studies. In an attempt to account for the conceptual, as well as structural, cohesion of proverbs, the analysis draws on the insights of Halliday and Hasan (1976), who advocate the importance of grammatical and lexical alignment that keeps the narration in line, incorporating their insights into the Current Discourse Space model delineated in Langacker (2008). The principles of cohesion, such as substitution, ellipsis, referencing, conjunction, calibrated with conceptual cohesion will be applied in this study with a view to demonstrating the importance of the cohesive elements which substantially contribute to the understanding of the authentic stretches of written and spoken language. This two-pronged approach to narrative appears to be particularly justified in the case of the modified proverb If money cannot bring happiness, transfer it to my account. On the one hand, the analysis unravels the proverb’s internal cohesion, while on the other, it accounts for the proverb’s changing structure and conceptualization as a new, emergent category. Above all, this study focuses on the narrative strengths of proverbs in the socio-cultural context, for “narration is the way people understand the world via the community of speakers” (Trzebiński 2002: 17, 43).
Ronald Reagan as a Public Speaker: In Search of the Aristotelian Rules of Rhetoric in Selected Addresses Delivered by the 40th US President
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Giwojno, Paweł
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the rhetorical style of Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), both as a President of the United States and as a public speaker. This study is focused on two elements, namely the range of rhetorical devices selected by President Reagan in his selected speeches, as well as a proposed explanation of the use of such devices in the context of a speaker–audience interaction. The latter part of this analysis is centered on the concept of the three persuasive appeals initially defined by Aristotle. In the first part of this paper the concept of the three persuasive appeals (the Aristotelian triangle) is presented and its particular elements explained. Directly afterwards, some theoretical frameworks for the use of linking devices are established. After the theoretical section, three selected Ronald Reagan speeches are analyzed. The focus is on the use of rhetorical devices in the given addresses. Finally, a research conclusion is included with an intention to identify the strategies and the style used by President Reagan in his interaction with the audience. This analysis may be of some help in order to understand how a speaker can powerfully influence listeners by using rhetorical tools.
Semantic Meanderings of Queen in Lexicographic Perspective
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Stachurska, Anna
A lexeme typically conveys a variety of senses. This depends on its actual semantic structure, involves presupposed meanings as well as embraces conversational and situational implicatures. The meaning of a lexeme is also determinated by the context, the situation of its use and the knowledge of the user of a particular language. Hence, the information provided by a particular work of reference is twofold in its nature - semantic and pragmatic. Accordingly, the main objective of the paper is to investigate the semantics and usage value of the lexical item QUEEN throughout the development of the English language.
The Reception of Antiquity in “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Brontë
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Buda, Agata
The following paper concentrates on the reception of antiquity in the novel by Emily Brontë Wuthering Heights. The primary concept of the analysis is to exploit such critical tools as: Reader-Response Criticism, dialogics and transtextuality. In this context one can notice such ancient references as: the structure of a labyrinth (prefiguration), the archetype of Hercules, Apollo and gods, as well as the reference to learning ancient languages (revocation). All the references to antiquity are used in the novel in question not only as ornaments, but mainly as the tools to comment on, among others, the social situation in Victorian England.

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